Please know the difference of various power distribution switches in the data center
The power distribution system is an important part of the data center, without which the data center cannot operate. The power distribution system also includes many components: power supply lines, UPS power supply, cables, switches and various relays. In this paper, we will discuss various switches in the power distribution system of the data center. Although the switches seem simple, they actually have a lot of knowledge. Let's discuss them below.
Switches can be divided into four types according to the number of connectors: 1P~4P. 1P is a one pole switch with only one connector, and only one phase line can be disconnected. This switch is suitable for controlling one phase "fire" line; 2P is a three pole switch. There are two terminals, one of which is connected to the phase line and the other to the neutral line. This switch is suitable for controlling one phase and one zero; 3P is a three pole switch. There are three connectors, all of which are connected to "fire" lines. This switch is suitable for controlling three-phase 380V voltage lines; 4P is a four pole switch. There are four connectors, three of which are connected to the "fire" line and one neutral line. This switch is suitable for controlling three-phase four wire lines. Distribution switch can also be divided into air insulated switch, gas insulated switch, composite insulated switch, solid insulated switch, etc. according to the internal insulation medium; According to the type of main switch, it can be divided into load switch, load switch plus fuse and circuit breaker; It can be divided into outdoor distribution switch and indoor distribution switch according to the use occasion; According to the insulation medium divided into interval type ring network switch, gas insulated ring network switch, intelligent boundary switch, etc., it can be seen that there are many kinds of distribution switches, which is also determined by the complex power supply environment. All kinds of equipment in the data center can operate normally only through power supply. In this way, after the power supply enters the data center from the high-voltage line, it must be processed layer by layer to finally reach the equipment. In order to ensure the safety of the intermediate transmission link, it is necessary to configure various types, specifications and use scenarios of power distribution switches, which makes the power distribution switches various.
With so many kinds of distribution switches, how to use them well is the key. First of all, appropriate switches should be selected according to the load size of different equipment. The switch size is determined according to the load of the data center equipment, and the number of pole switches is also determined according to the load. If the load is 220V, it is OK to use a two pole or a single pole switch, but if the load is 380V, it is necessary to use a three pole switch; Secondly, we should choose brands. There are obvious quality differences between products of different brands. For the data center, which is an important operation place, we should choose the switches of regular manufacturers and big brands. In addition to the brand, it also depends on the design of appearance, texture and housing materials, whether the switch contacts are made of silver (silver has very good conductivity), wiring terminals, packaging and manufacturing process, etc. Through careful observation of these aspects, we can choose the switch products that we are satisfied with, such as Qisheng, ABB Simon, Siemens, etc. are all powerful manufacturers of switch products. It is recommended to choose from these manufacturers' products; Third, pay attention to the use scenarios, such as the leakage switch, which must be connected to the equipment to monitor the equipment. Once the leakage current exceeds the set threshold, alarm or isolate the equipment to avoid the impact of the leakage current on the equipment and business. In addition, the air switch, also called the air switch, is also called the circuit breaker, It is to prevent the power supply condition of over-voltage and over-voltage from causing faults to the operating equipment. If the power supply is tripped directly during this time, the impact on the operating equipment can be avoided. The size of the air switch shall be selected according to the different connecting devices. Fourth, the dual power automatic transfer switch is also used frequently in the data center, providing at least two power supply input modes for the equipment. When one power supply is interrupted, it can be automatically switched to the standby power supply through the switch. Generally, the data center will connect the external input mains power to the main power interface of the dual power switch, If the connection is reversed, when the external main power supply suddenly recovers power supply when the engine is running, the dual power switch will not detect the main power supply signal and will automatically switch to the main power supply. Generally, the ones installed at the front end of the distribution cabinet are larger than those installed at the user terminal; Finally, for the lighting system of the data center, some lighting switches are added in the places where the data center has frequent personnel activities to facilitate switching. These switches should be made of anti-static materials. It is easy for people to switch by hand, and there is no leakage. The installation position of the lighting switch is generally determined at the beginning of the construction of the data center machine room, and then it is decorated and buried. Once installed, it is difficult to change it again. In the daily use process, pay attention to the protection of the switch, and try not to operate frequently. If the switch is damaged, it is OK. If the line buried in the loading wall has problems, it will be quite troublesome and difficult to replace.
In many large data centers, switchgear is basically deployed in the computer room. The switchgear is an important part of the power distribution system in the data center. The switchgear is used to centrally control the switches in the entire data center, which is indispensable in normal operation and maintenance work or in response to sudden network failures. The switch cabinet must be equipped with isolation switch, circuit breaker or fuse, and leakage protector. When the leakage protector is a leakage breaker with short circuit, overload, and leakage protection functions at the same time, the circuit breaker or fuse may not be installed. Isolating switch shall be an isolating appliance with visible breaking point when breaking, which can disconnect all poles of power supply at the same time, and shall be equipped with power incoming terminal. When the circuit breaker has a visible breaking point, it is not necessary to set another isolating switch. According to different cabinet structures, switchgear can be divided into open switchgear, metal enclosed switchgear and metal enclosed armored switchgear. According to different voltage levels, it can be divided into high-voltage switchgear, medium voltage switchgear and low-voltage switchgear. There should be enough space and access for two people to work at the same time around the switch cabinet, and no objects that hinder operation and maintenance, shrubs and weeds should be stacked. At the same time, the switch box shall be made of cold-rolled steel plate or flame retardant insulating material, and the thickness of the steel plate shall be 1.2~2.0mm, of which the thickness of the steel plate of the switch box shall not be less than 1.2M. The switches at different positions shall be centralized through the switch cabinet for unified management, and the time for problem analysis can be shortened in case of problems. Reasonable operation sequence shall be observed between switch cabinets. Under normal circumstances, the automatic switch shall be disconnected first, and then the isolating switch shall be disconnected; During power transmission, first close the isolating switch, then the automatic switch.
The number and variety of switches used in the data center are various. If the data center has no switch demand for the time being, new protection can be added. The switch cabinet should be installed as close to the equipment as possible to facilitate management. It is easy to choose different models of switches. It is not easy to choose the switch that is most suitable for your data center. After the introduction of this article, I believe that you have already understood the switches in the power distribution system of the data center.
