a(3)=18,因为n=3个元素的集合分区之间有18个单元素转换([x,z,y,…]表示元素1属于集合x,元素2属于集合z,元素3属于集合y):
[1, 1, 1] -> [1, 1, 2]; [1, 1, 1] -> [1, 2, 1]; [1, 1, 1] -> [1, 2, 2];
[1, 1, 2] -> [1, 1, 1]; [1, 1, 2] -> [1, 2, 1]; [1, 1, 2] -> [1, 2, 2];
[1, 1, 2] -> [1, 2, 3]; [1, 2, 1] -> [1, 1, 1]; [1, 2, 1] -> [1, 1, 2];
[1, 2, 1] -> [1, 2, 2]; [1, 2, 1] -> [1, 2, 3]; [1, 2, 2] -> [1, 1, 1];
[1, 2, 2] -> [1, 1, 2]; [1, 2, 2] -> [1, 2, 1]; [1, 2, 2] -> [1, 2, 3];
[1, 2, 3] -> [1, 1, 2]; [1, 2, 3] -> [1, 2, 1]; [1, 2, 3] -> [1, 2, 2];