The rapid development of facility agriculture in China effectively meets the market demand for "vegetable basket", "fruit plate" and "flower shelf"

CCTV news: Now people's food consumption demand has not only stayed in staple food, but also more abundant "vegetable basket" and "fruit plate" products are adapting to the change of residents' diet structure. The data shows that China's facility agriculture has developed rapidly. By 2022, China's facility agriculture has a planting area of more than 42.7 million mu, and 25.3% of vegetable products are produced with 3% of the cultivated land. In order to expand more planting space, China is guiding the appropriate transfer of facility planting to non cultivated land in mountainous areas, Gobi, desert, etc.

During this period, the weather in the northwest has gradually cooled, but in the Science Park of Yinda Town, Suzhou District, Jiuquan City, Ge Mingke is busy collecting and transporting tomatoes.

Ge Mingke said that in 2023, Jiuquan's tomatoes will come into the market half a month earlier than those from other places, so they are taking advantage of the time difference to speed up the export.

In the shed in Xiaheqing Town, Hu Fei from Zhejiang told reporters that Jiuquan has a large temperature difference between day and night and a long sunshine period, both of which are conducive to the accumulation of crop nutrition. Moreover, the melons and fruits planted on the Gobi desert have fewer pests and diseases and good quality. Two years ago, because the watermelons grown here are sweet and have good color, and can sell well when transported to the south, I stayed in Jiuquan with several fellow villagers to grow melons.

Jiuquan has only 4.5 million mu of cultivated land, and the rest are snow mountains, gobi and deserts. Since 2007, Jiuquan has carried out research and promotion of soilless cultivation technology for non cultivated land facilities of Gobi ecological agriculture with the precise assistance of the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Build parks and greenhouses on the Gobi desert, and develop facility ecological agriculture to produce vegetables, melons and fruits. When the reporter interviewed in Jiuquan, he saw that there were many greenhouses and greenhouses all over the Gobi Desert, including tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, peppers, grapes, figs, cantaloupes and other vegetables and fruits.

"Key to Science and Technology" Solves the Problem of Growing Fruits and Vegetables in Gobi Desert

In everyone's impression, the Gobi Desert is often dry, water scarce and barren. How can we grow vegetables and fruits in the Gobi Desert? Agricultural science and technology personnel told the reporter that as long as the local area has certain water resources conditions, this problem can be solved through two magic "science and technology keys".

At the foot of Qilian Mountain near Jiuquan City is the endless Gobi desert, where there are many stones, thin soil and little water.

Yu Hongjun said that the first step of ecological agriculture on the Gobi desert is to replace the original surface gravel on the Gobi desert with a manually configured matrix.

Experts say that if you want to build a greenhouse in the desert, you should choose a flat sand area that is not easy to flow. The sand can be replaced by the manually configured substrate, or some sand can be mixed with the substrate to plant fruits and vegetables, which can also achieve the effect of high yield.

In addition, in Jiuquan, some areas close to the Qilian Mountains should be selected for construction of construction greenhouses, and some melted snow water should be used as cultivation water. Therefore, the second step is to use drip irrigation to solve the problem of local water shortage.

At present, the achievement of Gobi eco agriculture soilless cultivation has been widely promoted in Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and other places.

About 4.5 million mu of Gobi desert in China is suitable for agricultural development

There are vast Gobi desert and desert in the north and northwest of China. If melons, fruits and vegetables are planted in places with certain planting conditions, it will not only expand China's arable land, but also stabilize the production capacity of "vegetable basket" products and increase farmers' income.

In a large shed in Dongdong Town, Suzhou District, Jiuquan, the villager Qin Cunguo is picking cucumbers. He told reporters that five years ago, he planted 32 mu of corn in the village. Later, he saw that others had made money growing vegetables in the Gobi Desert. He also contracted several greenhouses with the idea of trying.

At present, through the promotion of soilless cultivation technology for 16 consecutive years, the Gobi ecological agriculture in Jiuquan has not only effectively solved the problem of local "vegetable basket" shortage, but also freed up the same area of farmland for grain planting, driving 16500 farmers to achieve the dual goals of increasing farmers' income and achieving agricultural efficiency.

According to the data provided by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, as of 2022, the total area of facility agriculture in China will reach 42.7 million mu, accounting for more than 80% of the total area of facility agriculture in the world. Among them, the annual output of vegetables and edible fungi is 265 million tons, the annual output of melons and fruits is nearly 50 million tons, and the annual output of flowers is nearly 3 million mu, effectively meeting the market demand for "vegetable baskets", "fruit plates" and "flower racks".

key word: Vegetable basket greenhouse ecological agriculture Wasteland Vegetables, melons and fruits