Welcome to Daily Talk. I'm Ye Zhuang. Some time ago, our column group had the honor to interview Mr. Gao Xiaosong. Yes, yes, he is the one in your mind. I was shocked by his words in the interview. Today, we will share them with you individually:
Gao Xiaosong: Do you mean IQ? I think it's very inborn, because I have always been trained. I have received the best education, but my IQ is still low. Really, I have tested my IQ in my 70s or 70s, and I clearly know that my IQ is not high. Really, because my reaction to many things can tell that my IQ is not high. But because I have received a good education, I have a good foundation. In fact, I live mainly on my foundation. However, you are lucky to say that in fact, a person's second half of life mainly depends on his/her foundation, and the first half of his/her life mainly depends on his/her IQ, that is, when he/she starts to run forward, he/she especially depends on his/her IQ, but it seems that it is not very useful to rely on his/her IQ in the second half of his/her life, but on the most basic and accumulated foundation. So, I obviously suffered from low IQ in the first half of my life, but I managed to endure the second half. In the second half, I felt very happy. Because at the end of the battle, at least I didn't see anything that could train IQ. I am a typical example. I really used various methods to measure IQ, which seems to be more than 70. So I'm very motivated to see that it doesn't matter if your IQ is not high. You still have the second half.
The full version of the interview will be announced through daily talk in the near future. If you are interested, please pay close attention to it. But then again, how should I understand IQ 75? According to the evaluation criteria of IQ, 75 points is the critical point of normal and abnormal, while 130 points is the boundary between normal and abnormal - I always thought Gao Xiaosong should be closer to 130 at least, but now it seems that we may need to analyze in depth - how do we know IQ?
To be frank, IQ is to score intelligence - people use IQ scales to measure intelligence, just like people use rulers to measure length. However, the measurement of psychological quantity is often not as intuitive as that of physical quantity. It is easily affected by various factors, which also determines that "IQ" is an unreliable ruler.
However, 50 years ago, IQ was also the frontier product of psychological science, which also gave birth to many scientific achievements. For example, people find that intelligence changes with age. American psychologist Bayley (1969) used a variety of scales to track and measure the same group of subjects for 36 years from their birth. He found that intelligence was highly correlated with age - it developed rapidly before the age of 11 or 12, reached its peak around the age of 20, and then maintained a fairly long level until the age of 30, Then began to show signs of decline.
So congratulations to friends before the age of 30, your intelligence level is still on the rise or at the peak! But don't be too happy too soon. Another study found that when children reach our age, they will be smarter than we are now - the waves behind the Yangtze River push the waves before them, and the waves before them die on the beach. This effect is called "Flynn effect"? James R. Flynn. He found that since the standardized IQ test came into being at the beginning of the 20th century, people's average IQ has been increasing, about 3-5 points every 10 years, and testing institutions have been forced to constantly modify test questions to adapt to new situations. According to the current popular scale, the average IQ 100 years ago would have been 70. Psychologists at that time generally believed that this effect strongly implied that IQ test results were highly related to the acquired environmental conditions such as growth and education. This effect has also directly contributed to the self reflection of the academic community: whether IQ can well show people's comprehensive intelligence.
In a word: IQ is a ruler for evaluating intelligence, intelligence is a perspective on intelligence, and intelligence is a psychological mechanism that everyone has.
In addition to IQ, there are other models of analytical intelligence. In the view of psychologist Carter, intelligence can be divided into two categories: fluid intelligence and crystal intelligence. Crystal intelligence is somewhat similar to the experience value and upgrading system in electronic games - the intelligence that has been "trained" for a long time, such as business experience, iron forging skills, and good acting skills using routines. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to find meaning and solve problems in a state of chaos, such as artistic inspiration, quick response when debating with others, and talent in literary creation. As we grow older, crystal intelligence and fluid intelligence will have different destinies: crystal intelligence will continue to grow for most of our adult life, and will not decline until we are 60 years old; Fluid intelligence peaked in early adulthood, and then deteriorated from day to day.
Let's return to Gao Xiaosong. In fact, his intelligence theory is the most suitable one, which is called "Multiple Intelligences Theory", and was proposed by Howard. Gardner. In this theory, intelligence is divided into many categories, such as logical reasoning mathematical intelligence, language intelligence, music intelligence, spatial intelligence, and body motion intelligence. Each person may have multiple superior intelligences, and correspondingly, there must be relatively inferior intelligences. Although Gao Xiaosong made fun of himself with IQ, he obviously has advantages in music intelligence and language intelligence - IQ score is 75. This pot should not be memorized by Gao Xiaosong himself, but should be memorized by IQ, a psychological measurement that has fallen behind but has not yet been eliminated.
It's hard to describe such a complex psychological mechanism of intelligence. After measuring IQ, you can be happy if you have a low score, and don't inflate yourself if you have a high score. You should know that "I am born with my talent and I will be useful", in fact, it has its scientific truth. Intelligence is both complex and dynamic. If you want to be a smart person, you should not only know how to cherish the years of wisdom, but also learn to accumulate valuable knowledge - for example, starting from paying attention to daily conversation. It's said that those who have seen and followed the daily heart to heart talks have become smart!
