The reporter interviewed some experts from Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, and gave advice on the basic first aid knowledge of cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, foreign body obstruction in children, digestive tract disease, eye trauma, etc., to help patients cope with these emergencies calmly.
Cerebrovascular disease——
Professor Zhou Renjie, Deputy Director of the Emergency Department of Xinqiao Hospital: When family members have headaches and jet vomiting, it may be that cerebral hemorrhage is more likely to occur, while "transient" headaches, blurred vision, poor speech, numbness of limbs, etc., are more likely to cause cerebral infarction. In case of these cerebrovascular accidents, it is better to let the patient brake, and the family members should not move the patient blindly, but let him lie on his back with his head tilted to one side to keep his breathing smooth, prevent accidental inhalation of vomitus, and call 120 in time.
Cardiovascular disease——
Professor Zhou Renjie, Deputy Director of the Emergency Department of Xinqiao Hospital: During the Spring Festival, many patients with cardiovascular diseases are excitable and excited due to irregular work and rest time, which can induce arrhythmia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and other symptoms. At this time, the family should first call 120 to keep the patient calm. Generally, the patient needs to lie on his or her back and take some simple first aid measures. If there is chest tightness, shortness of breath, suffocation, or radioactive pain in the teeth, left upper arm, abdomen, etc., let the patient chew aspirin. When angina pectoris occurs, nitroglycerin can be taken sublingually. In case of acute heart failure, the patient cannot lie down, so the patient should take a comfortable seat to comfort the patient.
Foreign body obstruction in children——
Professor Zhang Yuping, Director of Pediatrics of Xinqiao Hospital: If a child suddenly has respiratory distress accompanied by cough, mouth opening breathing, inspiratory wheezing or expiratory wheezing and other signs, it should be suspected that a foreign body is inhaled to block the airway. When such an accident occurs, it is vital to take certain emergency measures in time. It may be only a few minutes before the child can be saved.
Back tapping chest pressing method: the baby is in a prone position (face down), with his head lower than his trunk, riding on the forearm of the rescuer, and tapping his back 5 times with the palm of one hand; After 5 taps, turn the baby over, lie the baby on the back (face up) with the head still lower than the torso, lie on the forearm of the rescuer, and press the baby five times with two fingers below the midpoint of the connection between the two nipples. This is repeated until the foreign matter is washed out. If the foreign body may come out, it must be taken out when the foreign body is seen in the mouth. It is forbidden to remove the foreign body inhaled by children blindly with fingers, because this may push the foreign body into the airway, causing further obstruction.
Heimlich maneuver: Heimlich maneuver is suitable for relieving the complete airway obstruction caused by foreign body in children. The first step is to stand behind the child and hug the arm directly from the child's armpit to the trunk. The second step is to make a fist with one hand, and align the thumb side of the fist with the midline of the child's abdomen and slightly above the navel. The third step is to use the other hand to hold the fist outside, and try to do a series of fast inward and upward pushing. Do not touch the ribs, because the pushing force on the bone will cause damage to internal organs. In order to relieve the obstruction, each pushing action should be independent and obvious. Continue to push the abdomen until the foreign body is eliminated or the child loses consciousness. If the child loses consciousness, he or she should lie on the ground and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Before each artificial respiration, check whether there is any foreign matter in the mouth. If there is any foreign matter, take it out immediately.
Digestive tract diseases——
Professor Guo Hong, Deputy Director of the Department of Gastroenterology of Xinqiao Hospital: If there is sudden upper abdominal pain, it is mostly in the middle and upper abdomen. It can be left upper abdomen, right upper abdomen or the navel, and can be pulled to the left shoulder and waist back. It is often accompanied by abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and even vomiting bile. Abdominal pain does not decrease after vomiting. In severe cases, the patient may appear pale, sweating, cold limbs, blue lips, decreased blood pressure, weak pulse and other shock manifestations. Especially with the history of cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and roundworm vomiting, acute epigastric pain suddenly occurs after eating or drinking. At this time, the family should not consider half of the stomach pain or gastrointestinal disease, thinking that taking some gastrointestinal pain relievers can alleviate it, but should consider the possibility of acute pancreatitis, and send to the hospital in time to avoid delaying the disease and life-threatening.
If citizens have a strong sense of fullness after eating and drinking, it is better not to get up immediately to do strenuous exercise. If you feel chest and abdomen pain and vomiting soon after meals, you should go to the hospital in time to check, if necessary, do chest and abdomen fluoroscopy to see if it is diaphragmatic hernia, so as to deal with it as soon as possible, and avoid complications caused by gastrointestinal necrosis due to illness delay.
Ocular trauma——
Professor Yuan Rongdi, Deputy Director of Ophthalmology Department of Xinqiao Hospital: The symptoms of eye injuries are different due to the size of the external force and the severity of the injury. Generally, there are eye pain, photophobia, and tears. In severe cases, there may be visual impairment, such as inability to see clearly or double vision, or even blindness, accompanied by headache and dizziness. After injury, first of all, do not use your hands to press the eyeball to avoid secondary damage, and do not use dirty towels or the like to wipe the injured part.
If alkaline and acidic substances enter the eyes, such as ammonia water, soda water, etc., clean them with clean water first, and then go to the hospital for professional treatment as soon as possible.
For bruises and sports injuries, cold compress should be used in the early stage, and hot compress should be used after 2-3 days. Antibiotic eyedrops are applied to the eyes to prevent infection.
Slight corneal abrasion, apply erythromycin eye ointment or aureomycin eye ointment, and bandage the affected eye.
If the injury is serious, such as eyeball bleeding, pupil dilation or deformation, eye contents prolapse and other symptoms, first wrap the eyes with clean cloth, and quickly send to the hospital for rescue.
Hualong News (reporter Huang Yu)
