The chief father of the burn department of Subei People's Hospital China India
Children are lively and active. They often bump and break their skin in daily life. If they are not handled properly, they will leave future problems for future life. Therefore, it is necessary to know some correct methods to deal with pediatric trauma.
1、 Scratches. The most common trauma in children is usually only skin damage, which is relatively mild, so it is OK to treat it at home. For shallow and small wounds, iodophor or sterilized alcohol can be used to smear the wound margin skin, apply erythromycin ointment externally, and wrap with clean gauze. If the wound has no signs of redness, swelling, pain and infection, disinfect the wound again after 1-2 days, and replace the cleaning gauze. If the area of the scratch is large, the surface is stained with soil, sand, etc., or the tissue is obviously broken, and the important part of the face is scratched, go to the hospital as soon as possible after the above simple treatment.
2、 Stab wound. If you are stabbed by nails, needles and glass pieces, the wound is small and deep, bacteria and dirt are not easy to be discharged, and dirty bamboo and wood pieces and rusty nails are dangerous to cause tetanus, you should seek medical advice in time. Before arriving at the hospital, some simple treatment can be done: if there is no residual stab on the outside of the wound, you can squeeze the wound, shed some dirty blood, then apply iodophor or sterilized alcohol, and wrap it with clean gauze. If there is a puncture on the wound, it can be gently clamped out with tweezers, and then treated according to the above method.
3、 Frustration and laceration. When a child falls and touches the edge of a table or chair or is cut by a knife, scissors or other sharp objects, the wound is deep, bleeding, or involving nerves and muscles. In particular, cuts caused by dirty and rusty sharp tools or head and face wounds are likely to be infected with tetanus. At this time, take the child to the hospital for debridement and suture as soon as possible.
Before going to the hospital, you can do some simple treatment at home. Wipe the skin around the wound with iodophor or sterilized alcohol, and then wrap the wound with clean gauze to stop bleeding. Do not tie the wound with rope or rubber band to stop bleeding. If you do this carelessly, it will cause limb ischemia and necrosis. If the skin contusion is shallow and there is less bleeding, it is unnecessary to go to the hospital after the above treatment. Observe the wound. If there is no sign of redness, swelling, pain and infection, disinfect the wound again 2-3 days later and replace the cleaning gauze.
4、 Crushing injury or crushing injury. After being squeezed by doors and windows or hit by heavy objects, there is only slight redness, swelling and pain. If there is no skin damage, it can be observed by local cold compress. If there is skin damage, it should be treated as the above scratch. Severe injury has severe pain, and the skin is bruised and broken. You should apply ice water cold compress as soon as possible, and go to the hospital to take photos as soon as possible to see if there is a fracture.
5、 Burns and scalds. First, flush the wound with flowing cold water for at least 30 minutes to quickly reduce the surface heat of the skin. After fully wetting, carefully remove the clothes, and try to keep the blisters. Cover the injured part with clean cloth. Be careful not to apply toothpaste, soy sauce, etc. to the wound, which may easily cause infection. It is forbidden to smear something with color such as red potion and purple potion, which will affect the judgment of injury. In addition to the skin erythema with small area and burns with mild pain that can be treated by oneself, the wound should be sent to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible.
6、 Be bitten by animals. After being bitten by cats, dogs and other animals, first thoroughly flush the wound. Rinse the wound with clean water, soapy water or iodophor for about 20-30 minutes to remove or kill local bacteria. The wound can be sent to the hospital for further treatment without dressing. For larger and deeper wounds, tetanus antitoxin and rabies vaccine should be injected.
When a child has skin injury, parents should remember to stop bleeding by local pressure first. Be careful not to bind children's hands and feet, which will cause more damage if careless operation. Secondly, clean and bandage the wound to prevent further pollution. Third, choose to go to the hospital or treat yourself at home depending on the situation. When parents handle these wounds by themselves, if there is redness, swelling, pain and secretion, they should go to the hospital for treatment in time.
