In daily life, when a child is ill and takes him to the hospital, how should parents accurately introduce his condition and answer the doctor's questions? Generally speaking, when the time for medical treatment is limited, parents should first clearly state the main reasons for the child's medical treatment in one sentence, such as "abdominal pain, diarrhea", "fever", etc., so that doctors can have a preliminary understanding of the child's main conditions. When a doctor makes a further diagnosis, parents should at least explain the following seven things:
time It is very important to describe the onset time of children. The onset time, interval time and deterioration time are of practical significance to distinguish various diseases. As for the main symptoms, parents should try to be accurate, such as "abdominal pain and diarrhea for one hour", "cough and low fever for one week", "fever for two days, and red rash on the skin for one day", etc., while the statements "fever after coming back from kindergarten", "my child cries for abdominal pain when coming home from work", etc. are not accurate.
temperature If the temperature has been measured at home before the visit, it should be stated when it was measured, how many times it was measured, and the maximum number. If there is no time to measure it, it can be measured while waiting for diagnosis. In addition, we should pay attention to whether the child has regular and periodic fever, as well as the temperature difference between the palm, the instep and the back of the hand, whether there are convulsions when having a fever, whether there are rash and other symptoms on the body.
state Whether the child can move his limbs freely and his neck is stiff when he is ill; Whether the mind is clear, and whether there are restlessness, crying, lethargy and drowsiness; The severity of cough, wheezing, sputum, color and consistency of sputum; Is the vomit spilled or ejected.
If the child has abdominal pain and diarrhea, it is also necessary to clearly point out the exact location of abdominal pain, the starting time and duration of pain, the degree of pain, the nature of pain (such as colic, stuffy pain, bloating pain), and under what circumstances the pain will be more serious (such as tension, eating, etc.).
If the child has diarrhea, he/she should describe the number and amount of stools, the nature of stools (such as dilute water, rice soup, egg blossom soup), the nature of stools (such as black stool, mucus stool, pus and blood stool), and whether the stool has odor, foul smell or other special smell to the doctor. If there are other symptoms, they should also be explained clearly together.
diet The parents shall explain the increase and decrease of diet, the change of interval times, and whether the children have hunger, fullness, anorexia, and stop eating. They shall also explain whether the children drink water because they are thirsty or always want to drink water. In addition, it should also explain whether the child has a pica like eating soil or stones, cinders, etc., and whether he has experience of eating unclean food, drinking raw water, eating leftovers, etc.
sleep The first is the time of sleep, and the second is the state of sleep, whether it is normal sleep or lethargy, whether it is unable to wake up when shaking or not, or whether it is unable to fall asleep when there is a slight movement, whether there is screaming or crying during sleep. For infants and young children, attention should be paid to whether they need others to cuddle and touch them before they fall asleep.
medical history This includes the child's previous medical history and family members' medical history. For example, what disease has the child suffered before, how about the treatment effect, whether there are sequelae, what drugs he has taken, and whether he has a history of drug allergy. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the situation of the baby at birth to the doctor; If the child has attended kindergarten, it should also be clarified whether other children have infectious diseases and similar diseases.
In particular, it is necessary to clarify the possible causes of the child's illness, such as fatigue, cold, overeating and accidental injury; Which hospital have you been to before this visit, what medicine have you taken, and how much dose you have taken, so as to avoid adverse consequences caused by repeated use of drugs in a short period of time.
Li Zhen, Chief Physician of Pediatric Department of Shanghai First People's Hospital (arranged by Kang Wen)
