"In 2008, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Reform of the Collective Forest Property Right System, and the collective forest reform was launched nationwide." Tang Fanglin, deputy director of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau, said at a news conference held recently that, through the continuous efforts of various departments around the country, the reform of the collective forest property right system has achieved phased results, and the forest reform has been popular, It has changed the green mountains everywhere, and promoted farmers to increase their income and become rich.
In order to deepen the reform of collective forest property rights system and consolidate and expand the reform achievements, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Collective Forest Property Rights System (hereinafter referred to as the Plan), which is the first important document issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for forestry reform and development since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, It has planned a new blueprint and a new vision for deepening the reform of collective forest property rights system in a new era and a new journey, which is of great significance for promoting high-quality forestry development and building a Chinese style modernization in which people and nature coexist harmoniously.
What are the new changes of the Plan? What changes will it bring? Tang Fanglin said that the Plan clearly defined the overall requirements for deepening the reform of collective forest property rights system, and proposed to accelerate the "separation of three rights", develop appropriate scale management of forestry, effectively strengthen forest management, safeguard the right of forest ownership, actively support industrial development, explore and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, increase financial support 8 major tasks, including properly solving the problems left over by history, as well as 4 guarantee measures, including organizational leadership, pilot exploration, team building, supervision and assessment, have been systematically deployed to deepen the reform of collective forests, focusing on the four words of "stability, vitality, integration, and trial".
The reform of collective forest tenure system has achieved phased results
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened a new journey to build a Chinese style modernization. Collective forests play a very important role in the construction of ecological civilization and the economic and social development of China.
The Plan defines the overall requirements for deepening the reform of collective forest property rights system, proposes to further develop the moderate scale management of forestry, promote more scientific and efficient forest management, improve the support and protection system, and diversify the ways of forest property value appreciation.
Xu Jide, the full-time deputy director of the Office of the National Greening Commission, believes that, in terms of goal setting, the Plan adheres to high-quality development and high-level protection, and highlights the "four sustainability", namely, sustainable growth of forest resources, continuous improvement of forest ecological quality, continuous improvement of forest development conditions, and continuous increase of farmers' income. In terms of policy design, more attention has been paid to system integration, and a series of innovative measures have been put forward for development needs, grassroots expectations, and popular support from the property rights system, resource management, business model, investment mechanism, industrial development and other aspects.
Over the past 20 years, the reform of collective forest tenure system has continued to progress, and the achievements have been consolidated and deepened.
Tang Fanglin said that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform of collective forest tenure system has been vigorously, orderly and deeply promoted. Around the "four questions on forest reform", all localities actively explored and innovated to answer questions, tried to hand in qualified answers, and constantly made new progress and achievements.
First, the "property right clarification and household contracting" has been completed. Focusing on the answer "how to divide mountains", we carried out collective forest land ownership certification. More than 100 million forest property rights certificates have been issued nationwide, initially realizing the goal of "fixing the rights of mountains, roots and people".
Second, the forest quality has improved significantly. Focusing on the answer "how to cut down trees", promote classified forest management and sustainable management. The forest reform has moved out of the green mountains, and the forest stock of collective forests has increased by nearly 3.9 billion cubic meters, an increase of nearly 85%, and the area of forest land has increased by nearly 400 million mu.
Third, the forest resources were gradually revitalized. Centering on the answer "Where does money come from?", we will innovate the forest property financing mechanism and promote the transformation of collective forest resources into assets and assets into funds. A forest right mortgage loan system has been established, and the balance of forest right mortgage loans nationwide is more than 130 billion yuan, which has become an important source of funds to support forestry ecological construction and industrial development.
Fourth, the operating efficiency was steadily improved. Focusing on the answer "What should we do for a single family", we should promote the transfer of forest property rights and the large-scale operation of forestry. Nearly 300000 new forestry business entities such as family forest farms, professional large households and forestry cooperatives were cultivated. The output of collective forest land is about 300 yuan per mu, more than three times that before the forest reform. The total output value of forestry industry exceeds 8 trillion yuan, and more than half of farmers' income in some large collective forestry counties comes from forestry.
Integrate management of collective forest land and play the role of "four reservoirs" of forest
On the whole, the reform of collective forest property rights system has achieved phased results, but the fragmentation of forest land and the low comprehensive benefits of collective forests still exist.
In this regard, Wang Junzhong, Director of the Department of Forestry and Grassland Reform and Development of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, believes that on the premise of farmers' voluntary autonomy and compliance with laws and regulations, we must integrate decentralized collective forest land for operation, release the scale effect, improve the comprehensive efficiency, and better play the "four storehouses" function of forests.
The reporter found that the Plan has made a series of arrangements for the development of moderate scale operation of forestry on the basis of fully absorbing the experience of grass-roots innovation.
First, actively and steadily promote the transfer of forest rights. Encourage local governments to take measures to guide farmers to transfer forest land management rights through leasing, cooperation, shareholding and other ways, to centralize idle forest land, and to support local governments to set up forest right collection and storage institutions, and to adopt market-oriented methods to appropriately centralize decentralized forest rights for large-scale operation. At the same time, explore a new way to quantify the conversion of forest property rights into capital, and guide social forces to invest in forestry management. The State Forestry and Grassland Administration will continue to further standardize the transfer of forest rights and activate the transaction of forest rights in the next step.
Second, vigorously promote cooperative operation. On the one hand, support small farmers to carry out various forms of joint management, such as family joint management, rural collective economic organizations and farmers' share cooperative management, farmers' trusteeship management, etc. On the other hand, we should give full play to the advantages of state-owned forest farms in terms of capital, technology and management, and take the road of field village cooperation. We will support the exploration of the incentive mechanism for the distribution of operating income of state-owned forest farms in different areas and categories, and guide state-owned forest farms, rural collective economic organizations, and farmers to operate jointly to achieve win-win results.
The third is to improve the interest linkage mechanism. Give full play to the role of various social service organizations in driving small farmers, promote the organic connection between small farmers and the development of modern forestry, encourage all kinds of enterprises to participate in forestry investment and management, promote the "enterprise+cooperative+farmers", "enterprise+base+farmers" and other models, establish and improve the agricultural machinery system for linking agriculture with farmers, so that small farmers can better integrate into the big market.
The policy "combination of fists" forms a joint force to enable forest farmers to embark on the road of common prosperity
The collective forest is distributed in the vast countryside, which is an important means of production for farmers, an important material basis for increasing income and becoming rich, and an important resource for rural revitalization.
In recent years, the reform of collective forest property rights system has stimulated the development potential of collective forests. It is understood that collective forests provide 80% of domestic timber and more than 80% of economic forest products. Relying on the resources of collective forests, various regions have vigorously developed green industries to enrich people, turning small products such as camellia oleifera, walnuts, Chinese prickly ash, wolfberry and glossy ganoderma into large industries, increasing farmers' income.
Wang Junzhong said that the Plan clearly requires that policies such as agricultural and rural industry development, regional revitalization, green economy and circular economy should form a joint force to support the development of forestry industry in major forestry counties, improve a number of modern industrial parks, support a number of specialized and new forestry enterprises, and promote the improvement of quality and efficiency, transformation and upgrading of the forestry industry. "At the same time, on the premise of protecting forest resources and ecological environment, under forest economy, eco-tourism, forest health care and other industries can be properly developed in public welfare forests, and a new way to become rich without cutting down trees can be explored."
"The Plan also requires that we should support the construction of collective forest infrastructure such as forestry industry road, tourism road and resource road, improve the development conditions of forest areas, promote the high-quality development of forestry industry, drive the economic growth of forest areas and increase the income of forest farmers to become rich by strengthening policy support," said Wang Junzhong.
Only scientific and rational use of collective forest resources, development of forestry characteristic industries, and establishment and improvement of the value realization mechanism of ecological products can promote the continuous transformation of green water and green mountains into gold and silver mountains.
Wang Junzhong pointed out that it is necessary to establish and improve the forestry carbon sink measurement and monitoring system, explore and implement the forestry carbon sink carbon ticket system, formulate forestry carbon sink management measures, and promote the realization of forestry carbon sink value. We will improve the compensation mechanism for forest ecological benefits, encourage all regions to implement differentiated compensation, so that forest farmers can get reasonable returns for protecting and repairing the ecology. Local governments are encouraged to properly dispose of collective forests in key ecological locations through leasing, redemption, cooperation and other ways to achieve "social benefits and farmers' benefits". By broadening the path of realizing the value of ecological products, forest farmers in mountain and forest areas will embark on the road of common prosperity with other regions.
key word: Forest property transfer
Forest right transaction
programme
Forester
Chinese style modernization
