Melanin is aBiopigment, YesTyrosineOr 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalaninechemical reactionFormed by animals, plants andProtozoaThey all have the same pigment.Melanin usually exists in the form of polymerization.
Melanin is a dark brown pigment existing in animals and plantsMelanocyte(also known asMelanin matrix）Generated and stored in[3]。It is because of the presence of melanin that the skin has color.Once melanin cannot be formed for some reasonDepigmentation, thus formingLeukoplakia。
Melanin is actually a kind ofAmino acid derivatives, in everyone's body.20-25 years oldMelanin precipitationFormedActive period。They exist in the skinBasement layerBut a kind of melanin called melaninRaw biomass”Substance, also called "pigment"mother cells”(or melanin matrix).Based on ethnic differences, the number of melanocytes (melanin matrix) in the body varies from person to person. Some people are born with more melanin matrix, which leads to more melanin production. This is also the reason why everyone's skin color is born with differences[2]。The pigment mother cell secretes melanin pigment whenultraviolet rays(B waveA-wave）Exposure to skin (B waveUVBActing on the basal layer of the skin), the skin will be in a "self-protection" state, that is, the melanin pigment will be stimulated by ultraviolet light to activatetyrosinaseTo protect our skin cells.DopaIn fact, it is the predecessor of melanin, which is oxidized by tyrosine and releases melanin.MelaninCellular metabolismLayers of movement, to the skinEpidermisForm different types of spots such asFreckle、Sunburn、Black spotWait for the shape, the other is blackPock markAlso byInflammatory reactionstimulateSkin pigmentIt is formed by increasing synthesis.The pockmarks formed by the activation of melanin mother due to internal and external stimulation also belong toMelanin depositionAnd the remaining problems[2]。
Melanocyte（Melanin matrix）Is a kind ofAnimal cellWith melanin or other similar pigments[3]。Usually located on the epidermis of the skin and the eyesUveal membrane（irisThe pigment layer behind).Thermostatic animalMelanocytes are also called melanocytes. In addition to black pigments, they can also produce some red or yellow pigments.AllothermOf melanocytes, only black pigments can be produced.
If the metabolism of melanocytes (melanin mother) is damaged or inhibited, some diseases will occur, such asGenetic diseaseAlbinism, and a type of melanomacancer。In addition, the color of skin, hair and eyes, andmole、FreckleSuch as spots on the skinPock markAnd color deposition are also related to melanocytes (melanin mother)[3]。
Based on the latest research published (The combination of subcrosse dilaurate and subcrosse dilaurate suppresses HMGB1: an enhancer of melanocyte democracy andmelanosometransfer to keratinocytes[4]）Discovery, different classesThe black matrix at the type I spot is more active than the surrounding non spot melanin matrix, which shows that the dendrites of the melanin matrix are unusually large, so by stabilizing or inhibiting the activity of the melanin matrix, it can play a role in inhibiting the synthesis of melanin, thus helping whitening and skin care problems such as spots, pockmarks, and discoloration[3-4]。
formation
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produce
Melanin is widely found in human skin, mucous membraneretina、Pia materAnd gallbladder and ovary.The production of melanin is mostly related toEndocrine disorder, sunlight,MelanocyteThe amount of depends mainly on heredity. In additionEndocrine hormoneandNutritional statusRelated, diseases caused by melanin include:Freckle、Chloasma、MelanosisIt has become a research topic in the beauty industry. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that:Seven Emotions Internal Injury. Irregular diet, fatigue and maladjustment, insufficient kidney water, and irregular menstruation and blood of women can cause diseases. Melanin is synthesized by melanocytes.Melanocytes of the skin are mainly distributed in the basal layer of the epidermis, also found inHairy rootAnd outer hair sheath.There are about 2 billion melanocytes in human epidermis, weighing about one gramsquare millimetre1560Symmetrical distributionAll over the body.
Melanin cells can synthesize and secrete melanin, so they areGlandular cell。However, melaninbiosynthesisIt is very complex, and it passes through the chromophore (immature melanin)Tyrosine—tyrosinaseFormed by reaction.
factor
There are many factors that cause melanin (spots):
1. Visceral factor
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the five internal organs of the human body directly affect the face.
(4) Liver: control blood flow, dredge and dredgeLiver qi, adjust life,Hepatic insufficiency、Liver fireRise, abnormal function,hormoneUnable to excrete normally, resulting in facial lesions;
(5) Spleen: main muscle, limbs, diet digestion, absorption and transportationNutrients，Spleen dysfunctionThe skin and face will be pale, white and unadorned, the face will age prematurely, and chloasma andblack rim of eye。
2. Endocrine factor
(1) With the increase of age, women of reproductive age with endocrine disorder will suffer from long-term loss of life due to their monthly menstruation;There is no reason for environmental and atmospheric changes, and it is hot and coldrheumatismEasily make the kidney injured by cold and dampness;During women's childbearing operation, they worked hard, worried about using God, became angry and mourned, and their vitality was severely damaged;The blood and gas circulation among the twelve meridians is greatly affected. The face is the place where the twelve meridians meet. Due to the weakness of vitality, the facial cells are not nourished as they should beMelanosis, causing color spots.According to the observation of women over 30 years old, more than 80% of them are endocrine factorsBlack spotIs troubled.
(2) Subconcephalonthe pituitary: It dominates the secretory gland, and the instinctive desire is suppressed, resulting inAutonomic disordersTo make the pituitary gland secrete melanin.
(3) Thyroid gland: too much thyroid hormone leads to irritability, nervousness, fatigue, insomniahyperthyroidismAnd produce more melanin.
(5) Gynecological diseases: poor delivery, abnormal uterus and ovaryestrogenIt loses its balance and produces melanin.When genetic factors develop, melanin and freckles appear, most of which belong togenetic。
3. Drug factors
（1）acyeterion: The main ingredients areEstrinandLutein, easy to promote the formation and precipitation of melanin;
(2) Excessive hormone ointment hormone can easily stimulate the growth of melanocytes and produce brown spots.
atmosphereozone layerThinningOzone hole，UVAZone andUVBThe ultraviolet radiation intensity in the area increases,oxygen free radicalIncrease, tyrosinase activity increases, new pigmentation is formed, and sunburn is induced.
5. Mental stress factors
The spirit is depressed, depressed, and impetuous, leading to qi muscle disorder and qi blood disharmony,PeroxidaseIncrease, estrogen increase, induce melanocytes.
6. Traumatic factors
AbrasionsDelayed treatment of wounds such as knife wounds, resulting in pigmentation at the wound site and melanin induction.
Use low-quality cosmetics, excessive heavy metal content causes accumulation, and excessive limited substances andProhibited substances, resulting in increased melanin and calmness.
effect
Pigment is a biological defenseultraviolet raysHowever, melanin is the most powerful pigment among all pigments, and it is very efficient.When ultraviolet rays irradiate the chemical chain of melanin, the chemical chain of melanin vibrates at an extremely fast speed, converting 99% of harmful ultraviolet rays into harmless heat, thus protecting the survival of organisms.That's whyAfricaThe reason why the skin color of people living on the plateau is heavier than others.
Facial causes
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sunlightIncluding visible lightinfrared, ultraviolet ray, among which UVC (ultraviolet ray with the shortest wavelength)Human cellsInDeoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) has a harmful effect. If it is exposed to ultraviolet light for a long time, it willskin disease、Skin cancerSuch as, serious will lead to gene mutation, general gene mutation is malignant.Therefore, skin cells will release melanin physiologically. Melanin can effectively absorb ultraviolet rays and reduce the impact of ultraviolet rays on the human body.
Ultraviolet influence
When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays, it will produce a brown pigment called Melanin. Melanin's original function is to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays, but when its protection task is completed, it will become dirt and peel off.When the body's metabolism is poor, some pigments will remain on the surface of the skin, formingBlack spot。
Solar spectrumSome of them are ultraviolet rays,UVBIt can be directly absorbed by DNA in skin cells, resulting inDNA damage；UVAAlthough it cannot be absorbed by DNA, it can stimulate skin to produceReactive oxygen radicals, making DNA damage even worse.Both of these injuries can cause cell mutation, which can lead to skin cancer.[1]
Melanin is produced by skin melanocytes, which can strongly absorb ultraviolet light and significantly reduce the damage of ultraviolet light to DNA, just like a small parasol for DNA.More than that, melanin can be eliminatedFree radical, provide skin cells withDual protection。[1]
Stress, food preferencesleep debtetc.Bad living habits, also increases melanin.10pm and 6am are the best time for metabolism, soSleep timeUnstable person, skinmetabolic rateIt is also bad, producing melanin.
Endocrine disorder
Arising during menstruationLuteinAnd during pregnancy, the endocrine system is particularly prone to imbalance, which is caused by melaninfastigium。The best policy is to maintain normal living habits and avoid exposure to ultraviolet rays.
Dietary Elements
vitamin Candvitamin EIt is the most effective nutritional element to improve black spots. It has the effect of preventing and reducing melanin, and can also helpcollagen proteinIt can grow, moisturize skin, and play an antioxidant role to prevent premature aging of skin.
PM2.5
Haze mainly includessulfur dioxide、nitrogen oxide andInhalable particles。When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine, they will invade the pores of the skin, which will react to lead to the accumulation of melanin, pigmentation and so on.More supplementaryvitamin D、β-glucan Our food can promote skin metabolism and preventMelanin precipitation。
Diagnostic typing
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The first type: shallow extended type.This type accounts for aboutMalignant melanoma70% of the total number of patients, andTumor bodyIt can expand outward along the superficial layer of the skin, and then infiltrate into the deep layer of the skinDermis andSubcutaneous tissueThe stage of deep infiltration is called "vertical development stage", which is easy toTumor spread。
The second type: freckle nevus type.This type of malignant melanoma accounts for about 5% of the total number of malignant melanoma patients.This type of malignant melanoma mostly comes from the long existing black freckles on the face of the elderlytumourIt can spread 2-3 cm or more around.
Melanocyte
The third type: acral nevus type.This type is relatively rare, accounting for about 10% of the total number of patients with malignant melanoma, mostly in the palm, soleNail bedAnd mucosa, which is characterized by regional lymph node metastasis.
The fourth type: undifferentiated type.suchMelanomaIts type grows radially, and its transfer speed is very fast.In addition, metastasis of malignant melanoma andprognosisThe situation is closely related to the level of tumor invasion in the skin. The deeper the tumor is, the more likely it is to metastasize, and the worse the prognosis is.
The fifth type: nodular type.This type of melanoma can occur anywhere on the surface of the body and is characterized by vertical development and infiltration into subcutaneous tissue.Therefore, this type of malignant melanoma is more prone to lymphatic metastasis.
But becauseaestheticWe need to properly inhibit melanin production.After all, whitening is a fadeless fashion topic for us Asians, and the major companies' efforts to research and develop whitening products are enough to prove this, too much inhibition of melanin willSkin colorThrown due to abnormal whiteningLeukoplakia cutisIs the legendaryVitiligoIt will be difficult to darken the skin.Of course, proper inhibition of melanin will not cause harm to health.
Scientific sunscreen
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Don't forget to protect yourself from sun while taking whitening care.In whitening care, it can slowly eliminate the melanin that has been generated, while sunscreen can help the skin inhibit the generation of new melanin.Protect the skin basal layer andDermis It is not damaged by ultraviolet rays, does not stimulate the activity of tyrosinase, and inhibits the generation of melanin.
Skin color can also be improved through diet.Drink plenty of water, eat more vegetables, fruits and fungal foods, and strengthen the intake of antioxidant foods,vitaminC. Vitamin Aβ-glucan Such food can effectively whiten and protect the skin.
TomatoesLemon is rich in vitamin C, while vitamin A isLiposolubilityIt is common in yellow food.someFungiFood e.gSpirococcus, Ganoderma lucidumCordyceps sinensisAnd others contain richβ-Dextran and antioxidant, which can removeFree radicalandMelanin precipitation。Some foods rich in copper or zinc will activate the activity of tyrosinaseBlackening, so we should eat less animal liverpeas and beans、peachChildren and other food.Eat lessAcidic foodIt is also worth noting that free radicals may be produced in the body and toxins may be deposited.
Prevent production
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Substances that change the melanin production pathway include:glutathioneKojic acid、Bear fruit leafGlucosides, vitamin C and fungus food can also be used for freckle removal.It can inhibit the formation of melanocytesActive ingredientyes:chloroquine、indometacin, Vitamin Cβ-Carotene、Green Tea, kojic acid, black and white pigment, dark plumchinese cinnamon、β-Dextran, liquorice oil and soluble extract, how to prevent the production of melanin and whiten the skin?
1、 Attentionlabor protectionAvoid direct exposure to the sun. Ultraviolet rays can promote melanocytes to produce melanin particles, which will darken the skin. It is better to apply some on the exposed partswhitening sunscreen cream。
2、 Pay attention to your diet.Drink more water, eat more fresh vegetablesHawthorn、Carrot, Spirococcus, Cordyceps sinensis,Ganoderma lucidumEat less salt to reduce the formation of melanin.
3、 Oral vitamin C can reduce dopamine quinone to dopamine, thus inhibiting the formation of melanin.
4、 Oral Chinese medicineLiuwei Dihuang Pill8 pills each time, 2-3 times a day.
6、 Disable containingestrogenBecause estrogen can promote the formation of melanin, the application of these cosmetics will make the skin darker, and long-term use will lead to skin lesions.
7、 Keep the seven emotions in harmony, keep the mood comfortable, and avoid being worried and angry.
8、 Levo vc solution and levo vc factor can inhibit the formation of melanin and fade black spots.
IXgrape pip, containing Yushenghaematococcus Grape seeds of Haematococcus pluvialisastaxanthinIt can absorb a lot ofUVAIt really plays a role in sun protection.
10、 Eat a moderate amount of food, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and avoid greasy, spicy, wine and cheese.
11、 Traditional Chinese medicine herbs nourish and remove spots to prevent the production of melanin: Traditional Chinese medicine research has concluded that the spots reflected on the skin are inevitably related to the internal organs.The essence of the five zang organs is full, and the skin is delicate and shiny;The essence of the five zang organs and six fu organs is scarce, and the skin is withered and yellow."Spot" is actually the five zang organsDysfunction，Qi Blood Body FluidPoor circulation andEndocrine disorderThe reflection on the face.The treatment of spots should be based on both the symptoms and the root causes. Herbal freckle removing and conditioning of traditional Chinese medicine should be treated from the five internal organs, and the balance between yin and yang can be achieved by regulating qi, blood and body fluid to achieve the purpose of freckle removing and beauty preserving.
12、 Cosmetics with natural ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine used to dilute pigment.
13、 ApplicationFoundation cream，PowderThe color spots are coveredfoundation make-upIt should be slightly darker than the skin color, so as to reduce the color difference between spots and healthy skin, and play the role of covering.
14、 Avoid sunshine and choose according to different seasonsSPF（Sun protection factor）Different sunscreen.
Dietetic treatment
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The following medicated diet is used clinically, and the effect is satisfactory.
IFreckle dispelling powder：Winter melon kernel250 g,Lotus seed25g powder,Angelica dahurica powder15g, grind the wax gourd kernel, lotus seed powder and angelica powder into fine powder, and use boiled water after meals every day;15g Chinese suit for external usePeach blossomDry in the shade and dried winter melon kernel（Shelling）Prepare the same amount of powder into fine powder, add proper amount of honey and mix it well. Apply it to the affected part before going to bed, and wash it in the morning. It has the effect of removing freckles, cleansing and beautifying the skin.
3、 TakeYam200g peeled and cut into pieces, stir friedYimi100g, largeJujube20g, add 1L of water, simmer it into porridge, addCrystal sugarAppropriate amount, every morningLifting clothesAppropriate forSpleen dysfunction, anorexia, abdominal distention, spotColour greyBrown, white and greasy tongue coating.
5、 VIIWhite cake: WhiteLentil、White yam50g white lotus meat, 50g white poria cocos, 50g white lotus meat, 50g white poria cocosChrysanthemum15g, 100g each of white flour and sugar, grind lentils, lotus seeds, poria cocos, yams and chrysanthemums into fine flour and mix with flour, add water and flour, or addFresh yeastLet it ferment, mix it with sugar, put it into cage, steam it with boiling water for 30 minutes, and then cut it into blocks after it is out of cage. Eating it often will cause damp heat due to spleen deficiencyChloasmaValid.
1. The skin texture should be restored after laser melanin removalnatural stateThe repair cream must be used according to the doctor's plan until the skin lines are long.
2. Precautions for laser melanin removal also include not using inferior cosmetics, skin changing, peelingHormonesProducts.
3. After laser melanin removalOvereatingcontainvitamin CAnd E food or oral vitamin C, try to eat lessbeef、soy sauce pickles, shrimp, crab, wine, coffee and other irritants. Avoid direct sunlight when going out.
4. After laser melanin removal, keep your mood comfortable, avoid excessive worry, and get enough sleep is the repair after laser melanin removalGood helper。
5. Do not exfoliate within 6 months to prevent damaging the effect of laser melanin removal. It should be used together in the daytimesunscreen cream。
