tumour

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Tumour is local histocytosis Formed Neobiosis 。 Tumors are slightly more acidic than healthy body tissues.^[6] Tumors can form an "acid wall" to protect themselves from the attack of the immune system.^[6]

liver cancer and pancreatic cancer Both are called "the king of cancer", and are extremely malignant tumors^[2] 。 The study found that, tumor cell Will appear different from normal cells The metabolic changes of Glycolysis and Oxidative phosphorylation To metabolize.

In 2019, Cancer Cell recently published an article that researchers found Metformin Can significantly inhibit tumor growth , and propose PP2A-GSK3 β- MCL-1 Pathway may be a new target for tumor therapy.^[1]

TCM disease name: tumour
Foreign name: tumor

Visiting department: Oncology Department
Common location: whole body
infectivity: nothing

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according to Neobiosis Cell characteristics of harmfulness Degree, and the tumor is divided into Benign tumor and Malignant tumor Two categories. Malignant tumors can be divided into cancer and sarcoma , cancer is from Epithelial tissue Malignant tumor. Sarcoma refers to mesenchymal tissue, including fibrous connective tissue, fat muscle 、 vascular , bone and cartilage Tissue, etc., malignant tumor occurred, such as Mucous membrane of large intestine Epithelial malignant tumor is called colonic mucosa Epithelial carcinoma , short for Colorectal cancer 。 Epithelial carcinoma of the skin Skin cancer wait. So, if the doctor says that someone is suffering from cancer It means that the patient has a malignant tumor; If so and so suffer from gastric cancer , which means the patient's gastric mucosa Epithelial cancer, if the patient has Gastric sarcoma Indicates that this malignant tumor is not caused by mucosa epithelial cells May be formed by smooth muscle cell It is caused by malignant change or belongs to malignant stomach lymphoma Etc. But it can also be said in general that he has cancer.

leukemia Is a kind of Blood system It is commonly known as blood cancer. It is caused by immature bone marrow white blood cell Diffuse Malignant growth that replaces normal bone marrow tissue and enters the blood. Because there are a large number of such tumor white cells in the patient's blood, so that the blood presents the characteristics of chyle like color, people call it leukemia. In fact, the name of the disease does not reflect its cancer cell The biological taxonomic characteristics of C. In most cases, the number of white blood cells in the blood is significantly increased, but sometimes it can also be normal or even decreased. According to the type of leukemia cells, it can be divided into Granulocyte Type, lymphocyte type monocyte 3 types. In addition, as mentioned above, doctors are based on tumor Pathology Morphology, growth mode and harm degree to patients divide tumors into malignant and benign. The main differences between them are listed as follows:

Main differences between benign and malignant tumors

Benign tumor	Malignant tumor (cancer)
Slow growth With capsule, expansive growth and sliding touch Clear boundary No metastasis, the prognosis is generally good Local compression symptoms, generally no systemic symptoms Usually does not cause patient death	mushroom Aggressive growth, adhesion with surrounding tissues, Can't move when touched Ambiguous boundary It is easy to metastasize and relapse after treatment Low fever, poor appetite Weight loss and severe disappearance in late stage Thin, anemia, fever, etc If not treated in time, it often leads to death

Because benign tumors and malignant tumors not only have different clinical manifestations, but also prognosis (The final outcome of the patient) is different, so once it is found that tumor As well as the above symptoms, seek medical advice in time.

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Research shows, Heat limit It will lead to insufficient energy supply, which will reduce the metabolism of the body and play an anti-cancer role. Findings in this study Intermittent Fasting It can not only regulate the increase of metabolism in the body chemotherapy It can also protect patients from the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy and contribute to clinical treatment. In addition, the researchers used intermittent fasting and metformin together to explore the therapeutic potential for tumors.

Researchers will vaccinate people Colon cancer The mice were divided into five groups, two groups were fed for 24 hours, and the other three groups were fasted intermittently for 24 hours. The normal feeding group and the intermittent fasting group received metformin treatment or placebo Treatment, the study found that metformin only hypoglycemia During the treatment, the tumor growth was significantly inhibited. In addition, the researchers found that tumor cell Metformin is sensitive to metformin only in low glucose environment, indicating that metformin can play an anti-tumor role in low glucose environment.

Under low glucose/metformin treatment, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β （GSK3 β） Overactivation in cells promotes Apoptosis 。 After the enzyme is inhibited, the inhibitory effect of low sugar/metformin on tumor growth is reduced. Further mechanism study found that the synergistic anti-tumor effect of metformin/hypoglycemia combination was determined by glycogen synthase kinase 3 downstream of PP2A β （GSK3 β） Activation, leading to the decrease of the expression of MCL-1 in tumor cells and cell death 。 PP2A-GSK3 β Axial Specificity Activation is the sum of metformin induced CIP2A inhibition, PP2A inhibitor and PP2A regulatory subunit B56 δ Pass Low glucose Increase, resulting in PP2A-B56 δ The complex has high affinity activity.

The results of this study show that PP2A-GSK3 β- The discovery of MCL-1 pathway may become a target for tumor therapy, but metformin/low glucose Combined treatment The safety in patients needs further tests to prove.^[1]

September 2022 The first Tianjin International Cancer Frontier Forum was held in Tianjin from February 2 to 3. world health organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the latest global cancer burden data display In 2020, there will be 19.29 million new cancer cases in the world, including 4.57 million new cancer cases in China, accounting for 23.7% of the world.^[2]

2022, from Pennsylvania State University Led research team developed 3D bio printing based on dynamic flow for the first time Multiscale Vascularization Breast tumor Model can be used for Chemotherapy drugs and immunotherapy React.^[4]

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Malignant tumor or multiple fungi

September 29, 2022, according to Israel 《 jerusalem post 》According to the website, new research finds that cancer may contain multiple fungus 。 be located Rehovot Israel Weizmann Institute of Science And the United States University of California San Diego The researchers found that there are fungi in the tumor. By testing the blood, they may be able to speed up the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The research report was published in the United States《 Cells 》 Biweekly On.^[3]

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In November 2022, it was reported that a Spanish woman who was extremely prone to cancer recently attracted attention. The woman had suffered from 12 different tumors, 5 of which were malignant, but after treatment she "recovered completely"! Spain National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) discovered the reason why the patient was so prone to cancer: she carried a group of gene mutations that had never been seen by human beings. The researchers said that this "exceptional" case helps to improve Early diagnosis of cancer And develop new therapies.^[5]

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