Arabinose is an organic compound with chemical formula CfiveHtenOfive, also known as L (+) - gum aldose, L (+) - pentosePectinoseEtc.It is a kind of levorotatory, which is originally isolated from a colloid secreted by arabic tree by complex chemical and physical methodsmonosaccharide, naturalL-arabinoseIt rarely exists as free.
ArabinoseOften with othersmonosaccharideIt is found in plant pulp, colloidhemicellulose、Pectinic acid, heartwood of coniferous trees, bacterial polysaccharides, and some glycosides.Arabinose has eight isomers, such asβ－D - arabinoseβ－L-arabinose, etc.There are mainly two kinds of arabinose industrial products: D-arabinose can be obtained by degrading D-glucose, which is rare in nature and mainly occurs in some bacterial polysaccharides.Natural L-arabinose can be coated with D-xyloseUridine diphosphateDerivative catalyzed by enzymeIsomerization reactionIt can also be extracted from arabinose in corn husk hemicellulose.With the improvement of people's living standards, obesity and overweight have become a major problem for adults and childrenepidemic。Excessive consumption of refined carbohydratesExcess energyIs an important reason for obesity, because excessive intake ofcarbohydrateIt will be converted into fat and deposited in the body, which will also causeblood sugarIncreaseIslets of langerhansOfload, long-term accumulation will greatly increase the riskType 2 diabetesThe current research focus is to reduce energy absorption by reducing the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestinal tract.The use of sucrose has a long history, and the dependence of people, especially children, on the unique taste of sucrose sweetness is hard to shake.How to not only maintain the sucrose taste that people are accustomed to, but also benefit from new health concepts such as functional sugar alcohol, low sugar and nutrition is also a problem puzzling the food industry.
ArabinoseOften with othersmonosaccharideIt is found in plant pulp, colloidhemicellulose、Pectinic acid, heartwood of coniferous trees, bacterial polysaccharides, and some glycosides.Arabinose has eight isomers, such asβ－D - arabinoseβ－L-arabinose, etc.There are mainly two kinds of arabinose industrial products: D-arabinose can be obtained by degrading D-glucose, which is rare in nature and mainly occurs in some bacterial polysaccharides.Natural L-arabinose can be coated with D-xyloseUridine diphosphateDerivative catalyzed by enzymeIsomerization reactionIt can also be extracted from arabinose in corn husk hemicellulose.With the improvement of people's living standards, obesity and overweight have become a major problem for adults and childrenepidemic。Excessive consumption of refined carbohydratesExcess energyIs an important reason for obesity, because excessive intake ofcarbohydrateIt will be converted into fat and deposited in the body, which will also causeblood sugarIncreaseIslets of langerhansOfload, long-term accumulation will greatly increase the riskType 2 diabetesThe current research focus is to reduce energy absorption by reducing the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestinal tract.The use of sucrose has a long history, and the dependence of people, especially children, on the unique taste of sucrose sweetness is hard to shake.How to not only maintain the sucrose taste that people are accustomed to, but also benefit from new health concepts such as functional sugar alcohol, low sugar and nutrition is also a problem puzzling the food industry.
Scientists and nutritionistsL-arabinose(L-Arabinose) has done a lot of research work on the role of carbohydrate metabolism in the intestinal tract: clinical trials have shown that L-arabinose can block the metabolism and transformation of sucrose, making its application prospects in weight loss, diabetes control and other aspects promising.The American Medical Association also listed L-arabinose as an anti obesity agentNutritional supplementsOr over the counter.In the list of specific health food of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, L-arabinose is included in the special health food additive for regulating blood sugar.Several Japanese companies have launched relevant products. For example, Mitsui Corporation has developed a "health sugar" with 3% arabinose added to sucrose, which was put on the market in 2006.JapanUnitikaThe company has also developed a series of health care products added with arabinose and applied for patent protection.
In 2008, the Ministry of Health approved L-arabinose asNew resource foodThe scope of use is "all kinds of food, but excluding infant food";L-arabinose is also widely used in the fields of medicine and health food, biological experiment, bioengineering, flavor and fragrance, etc.Arabinose series functional food can be bought on the domestic market or online.[1]
Structural characteristics
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Plant tissues with high L-arabinose content include corn husk, corn cob, rice, wheat and other cereals, as well as beets, apples, etcPlant cell wallHemicellulose andPectinMedium.
L-arabinose is white crystalline powder, odorless, sweet (the sweetness is about 50% of sucrose), melting point 159-160 ℃, relative density 1.625, specific rotation+190.5 ° →+104.5 ° (C=3), soluble in water, but the solubility is lower than sucrose;High stability to heat and acid.
physiological function
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L-arabinose has two main functions in food and medicine, one is to inhibit hydrolysisdisaccharideTherefore, it can inhibit the metabolism of sucrose (which is decomposed into glucose andfructoseAnd is absorbed);It is referred to as hypoglycemic effect of inhibiting disaccharide hydrolysis.Second, because L-arabinose inhibits disaccharide hydrolase, sucrose that is not decomposed in the small intestine is decomposed by microorganisms in the large intestine to produce a large amount of organic acidsOrganic acidIt can inhibit the synthesis of fat in the liver, and in addition, L-arabinose can inhibit the absorption of sucrose in the small intestine, thus reducing the production of new fat in the body.L-arabinose can be used in combination with sucrose or eaten alone.Adding 3.5% sucrose can inhibit the absorption of 60-70% sucrose in human body, and long-term use can reduce blood sugar.L-arabinose alone has the same effect.[1]
Inhibition of sucrose absorption
The most representative physiological function of L-arabinose is to selectively affect the invertase in the small intestine, thereby inhibiting the absorption of sucrose.It is reported that the addition of 3.5% L-arabinose to sucrose can inhibit the absorption of 60-70% sucrose, and also reduce the blood sugar by about 50%.
Control blood sugar rise
As a low calorie sugar, L-arabinose can inhibit the rise of blood sugar caused by sucrose intake, so it can inhibit obesity, prevent and treat hyperglycemia related diseases.[1]
Japanese research results show that women with constipation tendency will add 3% L-arabinose sucrose to black tea and other drinks for continuous use, and the number of stools per week has significantly increased.According to the experiment of Sanhe Starch Co., Ltd., the intake of sucrose added with 5% arabinose can also effectively promote the growth of Bifidobacterium.Tang and Tang L-arabinose are sugars that are difficult to be absorbed by the digestive tract, and the unused parts in the body can be excreted from the urine.[1]
Effect on skeletal muscle composition
A Japanese study in 2005 proved the effect of L-arabinose on energy consumption and muscle fiber composition. Obese rats were fed with 20% sucrose diet (Group C) and 20% sucrose diet (Group A) supplemented with 1.5% L-arabinose for 21 weeks.The weight and cell size of abdominal adipose tissue of rats in group C were significantly increased, while those in group A were significantly inhibited.L-arabinose significantly inhibited the rise of blood glucose 2 hours after glucose administration.When assessed by respiratory quotient, the percentage of energy consumed by fat in group A rats increased by 12.8%.The number of type ⅰ fibers in rectus abdominis increased significantly.Like other skeletal muscles, rectus abdominis is also composed of type I and type II muscle fibers.These results suggest that L-arabinose changesSkeletal muscle fibersThe effect of the ingredients affects the growth of abdominal adipose tissue by controlling glycolysis to glucose oxidation.This change in muscle fiber ratio may have the effect of improving type 2 diabetes.[2]
Animal experiment
L-arabinose has obvious inhibitory effect on invertase in pig small intestine. When the amount of L-arabinose is 1%~5% of sucrose, the inhibition rate of invertase is about 50%~60%.
L-arabinose, content ≥ 99.0%.Normal rats were fed with 0.525g/kgBW L-arabinose for 45 days. The results showed that L-arabinose could significantly improve the glucose tolerance of normal rats;RatSerum triglycerideSignificantly reduced, serumHigh density lipoprotein cholesterolSignificantly higher.The obese model rats were fed with 5, 15 and 30 times of the recommended dose of L-arabinose by gavage with high sugar and high fat diet for 45 days. The results showed that all doses of L-arabinose could significantly improve the glucose tolerance of obese model rats.
Hypoglycemia refers to a critical state in which patients' blood sugar is between normal people and diabetes mellitus.It is generally recognized as the early stage of diabetes and a dangerous stage to develop into diabetes. Many research results support the influence of overweight and obesity on diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance.A large number of studies show that obesity can cause muscle and liver toinsulinSensitivity decreased.Therefore, we should pay attention to the monitoring of the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance, grasp its incidence in time, take timely measures to intervene, effectively improve the role of glucose tolerance, and play a positive role in preventing and controlling diabetes.
The research results confirm that L-arabinose can reduce the blood sugar level by effectively inhibiting the absorption of sucrose in the high sugar and high-fat diet, and improve the blood sugar level by reducing the circulating blood sugarinsulin resistance , protectionislet cellsNormal physiological function, especially in enhancing glucose tolerance, is of great significance.It is of great significance to take appropriate Tang and Tang L-arabinose orally to stabilize blood sugar, reduce the incidence of diabetes and maintain a healthy physiological state.[2]
conclusion
As a new health sugar, L-arabinose needs a process of being recognized and accepted by Chinese people and the world.It is expected to be widely used in dairy products, cakes, bread, children's food, ice cream, drinks, desserts/chocolate/household sugar and other foods.[2]
application area
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Food and health products
Diabetic food
Diet food
Healthy functional food
Sucrose additive
Health Food[2]
medicine
As a prescription for weight loss and blood sugar control
Additives of OTC drugs or excipients of finished drugs
Ideal Intermediate for the Synthesis of Flavors and Fragrances
As an intermediate in drug synthesis[2]
Edible method
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L-arabinose (purity ≥ 99.5%) can be eaten alone or used in combination with sucrose.
Sucrose added with L-arabinose has the same sweet taste and properties, and can be used in various foods.
Generally, take 3 to 5 grams of L-arabinose three times a day before or during meals.(Drinking after dissolving in ice mineral water is especially effective in promoting intestinal peristalsis and relieving constipation.).
Adding 4% sucrose in proportion can inhibit the absorption of about 100% sucrose and reduce sugar tolerance.L-arabinose alone has the same effect when eating foods containing sucrose.
When cooking, add an appropriate amount of arabinose, which will not only help to inhibit the absorption of sugar, but also make the dishes more fragrant and delicious. However, do not overuse it, or it may cause diarrhea.Because it can promote the production of intestinal bifidobacteria (beneficial bacteria, which can help digestion).[2]
Principle of action
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Detoxification
After taking 20 grams of arabinose, 80% of the people will have normal bowel toxicity reaction within 30 minutes to 3 hours. About 10% of the people will have bowel ringing and flatulence, and the other 10% will not respond, indicating that there are intestinal problems.In order to make this problem clear, two keywords can be introduced: semi permeable membrane and osmotic pressure.What is a semipermeable membrane?The cell membrane is a semi permeable membrane, which can exchange materials inside and outside. Oxygen and nutrients from outside enter, and wastes and CO from insidetwoSo the cell membrane is both a physical barrier and a material exchange.The bladder of an animal is a semipermeable membrane. Add a handful of sucrose into the bladder of an animal with water. The bladder is filled with concentrated sugar water. Put the bladder with concentrated sugar water into a basin of clear water. We found that the clear water was slowly inhaled into the bladder.Why does this happen?Because there is a concentration difference inside and outside the bladder, that is, osmotic pressure difference.There are only two ways to reduce the concentration difference. One is to let the sugar molecules out, and the other is to let the water molecules in. But the sugar molecules are too big to let out. Only the water molecules enter, so the water slowly enters the bladder to dilute the concentrated sugar water.Imagine that after the unabsorbed sucrose and arabinose enter the large intestine and form a concentrated sugar water environment, the water can be inhaled into the large intestine to soften the stool, generate feces, and expel intestinal toxins. The whole process is a physical process, and no need to worry.[1]
moisten the dry digestive apparatus
After oral administration of arabinose, sucrose and arabinose, which cause enzymes to be decomposed and digested, are directly used as garbage and enter the large intestine to provide nutrition for the reproduction of probiotics in the large intestine, promote the reproduction of probiotics, and optimize the intestinal environment, so they are very helpful for the recovery of many intestinal problems.
reduce weight
The accumulation and consumption of fat is related to the amount of energy each person takes in. On the one hand, if arabinose is eaten with meals, it can control the digestion and absorption of sugar in the staple food, reducing the ability to enter the body. The body needs to convert fat into energy through decomposition.On the other hand, undigested sugar is used by beneficial bacteria after entering the large intestine. While beneficial bacteria proliferate, a large amount of organic acids are produced. Organic acids are provided for fat synthesis, reducing the production of introverted fat, so the effect of weight loss can be achieved.[1]
Hypoglycemic
As we all know, the food that people ingest every day can be absorbed only after it is digested and decomposed by enzymes.For example, protein is decomposed and digested by protease, starch is decomposed and digested by amylase, and fat is decomposed and digested by lipase. After these foods are decomposed and digested, they will be absorbed by the small intestine. What about the sugar people eat every day?Because sucrose is a disaccharide composed of fructose and glucose, it cannot be directly absorbed. It also needs sucrose enzyme to decompose and digest it into fructose and glucose before it can be absorbed by the small intestine to supplement energy for the human body.Therefore, people all have such a life experience that when they are dizzy from hunger, their blood sugar is low. After eating fruit sugar, their blood sugar rises, and their head is not dizzy.After oral administration of arabinose, since the affinity between arabinose and sucrase is far greater than that between sucrose and sucrase, arabinose robs sucrase away, resulting in that sucrose cannot be decomposed by sucrase, and sucrose cannot be absorbed without being decomposed, so it cannot enter the blood.Therefore, arabinose can reduce glucose by inhibiting sucrose absorption.[1]
