There are many kinds of hydrocarbons, and the number of hydrocarbons with known structures is more than 2000.Hydrocarbons areOrganic compoundOther kinds of organic compounds can be regarded as one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule areAtomic clusterA derivative produced by substitution.
Hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon) is a word invented by chemists. It is a word formed by adding the initial of "carbon" and the final of "hydrogen", and the internal structure of "carbon" and "hydrogen",HydrocarbonsIt is the parent of all organic compounds. It can be said that all organic compounds are the result of replacing some atoms in hydrocarbons with other atoms.
classification
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Hydrocarbons can be divided into
Open chain hydrocarbon(Carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecules are combined by open chain)
Hydrocarbons arehydrocarbonThe abbreviation of "fire" is a combination of "fire" in "carbon" and "water" in "hydrogen".Hydrocarbons are divided into saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon.PetroleumHydrocarbonsMost are saturated hydrocarbons, while unsaturated hydrocarbons such asethylene、acetyleneGenerally, it can only be obtained in the process of petroleum processing.There are three types of hydrocarbons in petroleum:
(I)alkane。yescarbon atomBetweenSingle bondLinked chain hydrocarbons.Because the carbon and hydrogen components of hydrocarbonAtomic numberAs a result, petroleum contains hydrocarbon molecules that differ greatly from each other.Alkanes are named according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. For those with less than 10 carbon atoms, from 1 to 10, use A, B, C, D, E, H, G, Xin, NoneDecaneIf the number of carbon atoms is more than 11, use numbers.Alkanes in petroleum includeN-alkaneandIsoalkanes。The content of n-alkanes in paraffin based oil is high;Isoalkanes inasphaltThe content of cornerstone oil is high.Alkanes are also called alkane hydrocarbons.The general formula of the molecular formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2, where "n" represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule."2n+2" meanshydrogen atomThe number of.Under normal temperature and pressure,Alkanes of C1-C4 are gaseous and exist innatural gasMedium;C5-C15 alkanes areliquid state, the main component of oil;Alkanes above C16 are solid.
(II)Naphthenic hydrocarbon。As the name suggests, it is a ring structure.The most common ring is composed of five carbon atoms or six carbon atoms. The former is calledCyclopentane, the latter is calledcyclohexane。The general formula of the molecular formula of cycloalkanes is CnH2n.Cycloalkanes are also called naphthenic hydrocarbons.
(III)Aromatic hydrocarbon。It is also called aromatic hydrocarbon.Generally, there are one or more six membered rings with special structure（benzene ring）Composition.The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzenetoluene、xylene。They came fromPetroleum refining processinPlatinum reformingIt can be obtained in the production of the device.The general formula of the molecular formula of aromatic hydrocarbons is CnH2n-6.
Application of hydrocarbon
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Hydrocarbon products are widely used in daily production and life, and commercial life is the mostRepresentativenessHCR433b ofHydrocarbon refrigerantHCR436a hydrocarbon refrigerant is the most representative of automobile.
It can be widely used in various diesel transport vehicles, agricultural machineryGenerator SetAnd other diesel engines, and can also be used forindustrial boiler And civil boilers, hotels, hotels, government agencies, school canteenssidewalk snack boothAnd household use as non power fuel.
The catering industry, factories, government agencies, school canteens, boiler rooms, cooking, cooking, water boiling, are all using coal or dieselliquid gas。These energy sources are not only expensive, but also seriously pollute the air and do great harm to people's physical and mental health.Hydrocarbon oil is not only cheap (compared with petrochemical diesel, it can save 15%~20%), but also clean and environmentally friendly (noHarmful gasIt is estimated that hydrocarbon oil will completely replace petrochemical diesel oil in the non power field in the near future. The market of hydrocarbon oil will become larger and larger, and its application scope will become wider and wider.
Hydrocarbon oil is popular now“Bioenergy”But as a car fuel, the power performance is definitely not comparableUnleaded gasolineBut it is more environmentally friendly and economical.
It is used in hardware, jewelry, watches, automobiles, motorcyclesAerospace, electronics, electrical, liquid crystal, semiconductor and other industries, can effectively remove all kinds of oil stains, grease and soldering resinPolishing waxEtc.
2、Evaporation lossSmall.The boiling point of hydrocarbon cleaning agent is above 150 ℃, so the volatilization loss is small during use and storage, and the sealing requirements for packaging and equipment are very low.
3. Very low toxicity.According to the toxicological test, the inhalation and release toxicity, oral toxicity and skin contact toxicity of hydrocarbon cleaning agent are all ultra-low toxicity, and are notCarcinogenIt is safer for cleaning operators to use.
5. It can volatilize completely without residue.Hydrocarbon cleaning agent is a very pure refined solvent, which can be used under normal temperature and heating conditionsComplete volatilization, there is no residue.
6. Do not damage the environment.Hydrocarbon cleaning agent can be automatically degraded, and cleaning waste liquid can be put into coal orOil fired boilerIntermediate incinerationProductMainly CO2 and water, no pollution to the air.The hydrocarbon cleaning agent does not start chlorine, and its ozone destruction coefficient is zero.
7. While being used for conventional industrial cleaning, it can be used for dehydration and removal of adhesive residue with slight improvement.
