Semiconductor refrigerator

Special refrigerator styles

synonym Electronic refrigerator (Electronic refrigerator) generally refers to semiconductor refrigerator

Semiconductor refrigerator, also known as Electronic refrigerator 。 It is a product completely different from ordinary refrigerators in refrigeration principle. It is made of a 40 mm square and 4 mm thick Semiconductor chip Through efficient annular double-layer heat pipe Cooling is realized by heat dissipation and conduction technology and automatic variable pressure and flow control technology, which is known as the world's smallest "compressor".

Chinese name: Semiconductor refrigerator
Advantages: Simple structure, few parts, convenient maintenance

Disadvantages: It needs to be connected in the DC circuit
Application: Car refrigerator, insulin refrigeration equipment, etc

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brief introduction

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because Semiconductor cooler It belongs to electronic physical refrigeration, without refrigerant and mechanical moving parts at all, thus completely solving the problem of medium pollution and mechanical vibration And other application problems that cannot be solved by mechanical refrigeration refrigerators Refrigerator It has more significant energy-saving characteristics and has great development and promotion value.

semiconductor Electronic refrigeration also called Thermoelectric refrigeration , or Thermoelectric refrigeration , which is a refrigeration method using the "Peltier effect", and Compression refrigeration and Absorption refrigeration It is also called the world's three major refrigeration modes.

In 1843, French physicist Partier connected one bismuth wire to each end of the copper wire, and then connected two bismuth wires to each other DC power supply After power on, he was surprised to find that one connector became hot and the other became cold; This phenomenon was later called the "Partier effect".

The physical principle of the "Peltier effect" is that the charge carrier moves in the conductor to form a current, because the charge carrier is in different energy level When it moves from high energy level to low energy level, it will release excess heat. On the contrary, it needs to absorb heat from the outside (that is, refrigeration)

Refrigerating sheet for semiconductor refrigerator

So, "semiconductor Electronic refrigeration "The effect mainly depends on the energy level difference between the two materials in which the charge carrier moves, that is, the thermoelectric potential difference heat conduction Good performance, but extremely low cooling efficiency (less than 1%). Semiconductor materials have extremely high thermoelectric potential and can be successfully used to make small Thermoelectric refrigeration Device.

After many experiments, scientists found that: P-type semiconductor (Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3) and N-type semiconductor (Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3) has the largest thermoelectric potential difference and can be used in Cold junction It shows obvious cooling effect at.

Electronic refrigerator The simple structure is: P-type semiconductor ， N-type semiconductor , copper plates and copper wires are connected into a circuit. The copper plates and wires only conduct electricity. The circuit is powered by 12V DC. After the current is connected, one contact becomes cold (inside the refrigerator), and the other one dissipates heat (radiator behind the refrigerator).

advantage

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1. None mechanical drive Parts, no wear, no noise, long service life

2. There is no need for refrigerant refrigeration (both compression and absorption), and it is absolutely environmentally friendly

3. High efficiency and low power consumption (below 100W, the power consumption is only half of that of compression type and absorption type)

4. Because of the use of Refrigerating sheet Refrigeration, so semiconductor refrigerators can be of any size and even useful USB interface The USB refrigerator with power supply appears.

shortcoming

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Multi stage cooling slice

1. The refrigeration temperature is related to the ambient temperature (generally 20 ℃ lower than the ambient temperature), and ice cannot be made (this problem can also be solved by multi-level Refrigerating sheet Series connection, but heat dissipation must be strengthened after series connection, otherwise the cooling fin is easy to burn)

2. The volume of the refrigerator cannot exceed 100 liters (if it is higher than 100 liters, its cooling effect will decline and its power consumption will increase)

3. Because the cooling fin dissipates heat on one side and generates more heat, it is necessary to use cooling equipment, which also increases the cost of semiconductor refrigerators. If a fan is used, it will also increase power consumption and generate slight noise.

4. Semiconductor refrigerators cost more when making larger refrigerators, which is not conducive to large-scale promotion.

application

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because Semiconductor refrigeration Because of the advantages and disadvantages of materials, semiconductor refrigerators are mainly used in small refrigerators, such as car refrigerators, USB refrigerators, insulin refrigeration equipment, etc

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