Serine protease

Biological terminology

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serine protease It is a protease family, whose function is to break macromolecule protein In Peptide bond , make it Small molecule protein. stay Mammals Serine protease plays an important role, especially in digestion, coagulation and Complement system aspect. It is activated by active center a set Amino acid residue One of them must be serine (The origin of its name).

Chinese name: Serine protease

Foreign name: Serine Proteinase
Type: Biological terminology

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four Principle of action

digestive enzyme

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Three enzymes secreted by pancreas are serine proteases:

Chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin , also known as Chymotrypsin ， Hydrolases One of Peptide chain Endonuclease , mainly promoting Hydrophobic amino acid in especial Tyrosine 、 Tryptophan 、 Phenylalanine and leucine Of Carboxyl terminal Peptide cleavage. From pancreas to Chymotrypsinogen It is secreted in the form of Trypsin Activated by action. Chymotrypsin A and B Molecular size Different, but the specificity is similar.

Trypsin

Trypsin It belongs to hydrolase and promotes Peptide chain Split, Action site by Arginine or Lysine carboxyl 。 This enzyme uses Zymogen The form is released from the pancreas and transformed into the active form in the small intestine.

elastase

Serine protease

elastase (EC 3.4.21.36.): One of the hydrolases alanine 、 glycine 、 isoleucine 、 leucine or valine Isochore carboxyl Its polypeptide bond plays a catalytic role in hydrolysis, because it was thought that this enzyme mainly acts on elastin It has this name. It is the pancreas Zymogen ( Elastase ）It is a serine protease secreted in the form of and participates in the digestion of intestinal proteins.

Of the three enzymes Primary structure （ amino acid Sequence) is similar to the third-order sequence (the spatial arrangement of all atoms). Their active serine residues are all at the same position (Ser-195).

Coagulation factor

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Several active Coagulation factor They are all serine proteases, including:

Coagulation factor

The tenth coagulation factor (X), also known as Stuart Power factor, is involved in endogenous and extrinsic pathway It is a kind of storage resistance factor. Lack of systematization Coagulation disorder (Factor 10 deficiency).

The eleventh factor of coagulation (XI), the precursor of plasma thrombin activity enzyme, acts on intrinsic pathway A stability factor of. Lack of this factor will cause systemic hemagglutination defect, namely type C hemophilia Or Rosenthal syndrome, similar to typical hemophilia.

Thrombin from prothrombin , can promote Fibrinogen Becomes fibrin Enzyme;

Fibrinolytic enzyme ， Cytoplasmin ,: It is an effective part of the fibrinolytic or blood clot system, is a highly specific proteolytic enzyme for fibrin fibrin The clot has special Solubility , for others Plasma protein Coagulation factors and general proteins also have similar effects.

Complement system

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Complement system There are several proteins belonging to serine protease, including:

C1r and C1s

C3 Invertase cleavage complement The component C3 is the enzyme of C3a and C3b; Classic approach C3 invertase C4b, 2b; The bypass C3 invertase is C3b, Bb and C3b, Bb. See complement system for details

Principle of action

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By adjacent Amino acid residue Chain, serine Residue It is activated at the active center.

Activated hydroxyl and peptide bond carbon atom happen Nucleophilic reaction 。

After the peptide bond breaks, acyl When the carbon on the peptide bond is esterified, the nitrogen end of the peptide bond will be released free.

Hydrolysis reaction , the carbon terminal product linked to the enzyme is released. Reaction completed.

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