Original title: 2020 financial report scanning of six major banks: daily income of 3.118 billion, and the proportion of two housing loans exceeds the limit
How are the banks doing after giving 1.5 trillion yuan of interest? What is the impact of the epidemic in 2020 on the quality of bank assets? How about the profitability of the financial industry after giving way to the real economy? Recently, the six major banks submitted "report cards", which can be seen from the financial reports of the six major banks that account for about half of the industry's assets.
A few days ago, six state-owned banks, ICBC, ABC, BOC, CCB, Bank of Communications, and Postal Savings Bank, published their 2020 financial reports. Last year, the six major banks achieved positive growth in net profits, earning 3.118 billion a day Postal Savings Bank 。 However, the asset quality of the six major banks is also under pressure, with non-performing loans rising "double", and ICBC's non-performing loan balance and non-performing loan growth ranked the highest.
In addition, at the end of last year, the regulatory authority set aside a red line for the proportion of real estate loans, and the proportion of personal housing loans of CCB, a "big house lender", and postal savings, a "big retail bank", both exceeded the standard.
Who makes the most money?
The net profit scale of "Cosmos Travel" ranks first, and the king of profit growth is the postal prince
After the target of "1.5 trillion yuan of profits for the financial industry" was issued in 2020, many people once thought that banks would "eat dirt". However, this 1.5 trillion yuan actually includes interest rate reduction and direct monetary policy tools to promote the transfer of profits. According to the recently released financial reports, the net profits of the six major banks all increased positively last year.
According to the statistics of the financial report, in 2020, the six major banks realized a total net profit of 1.14 trillion yuan attributable to the shareholders of the parent company, with an average daily profit of 3.118 billion yuan in 365 days. Among them, ICBC, ABC, BOC, CCB, BOCOM and Postal Savings Bank had net profits attributable to shareholders of the parent company of 315.906 billion yuan, 215.925 billion yuan, 192.87 billion yuan, 271.05 billion yuan, 78.274 billion yuan and 64.199 billion yuan respectively. In terms of scale, ICBC still ranks first in terms of "Cosmic Travel".
In terms of growth, Postal Savings Bank is the king of profit growth. Financial report data shows that in 2020, the net profit attributable to shareholders of ICBC, ABC, BOC, CCB, BOCOM and Postal Savings Bank respectively increased by 1.2%, 1.8%, 2.92%, 1.62%, 1.28% and 5.36% year on year.
Net interest income is still the main source of operating income of major banks, accounting for 60% to 90% of operating income, of which Bank of Communications is the lowest, accounting for 62.63% of operating income; The highest is Postal Savings Bank, accounting for 88.53%.
It is worth mentioning that the multiple "interest rate cut" of reserve ratio and the decline of loan market quoted rate (LPR) last year have narrowed the net interest margin of the six major banks collectively, with a decline of 3-15 basis points over the previous year. However, many banks have adopted the "volume premium" approach, that is, to increase the loan scale and make up for the impact of the decline in interest margin, so as to stabilize profits.
Which is the best risk control company?
All the six major banks have "double rise" in non-performing loans, and Bank of Communications has the highest rate of non-performing loans
Although the net profit remained positive growth, under the impact of the epidemic, the non-performing loans of the six major banks in 2020 rose "double".
1. "Upgrade" to NPL scale. Among the six major banks, the balance of non-performing loans of the four banks of China Construction Industry and Agriculture Group exceeded 100 billion yuan, respectively 293.978 billion yuan, 237.113 billion yuan, 207.273 billion yuan and 260.729 billion yuan. The largest increase in non-performing loans in the year was ICBC, which was 53.791 billion yuan. At the end of last year, the balances of non-performing loans of Bank of Communications and Postal Savings were 97.698 billion yuan and 50.367 billion yuan respectively, with the growth scale of 19.655 billion yuan and 7.523 billion yuan respectively in the year.
The other "rise" is the non-performing loan rate. The non-performing ratio of the six major banks increased by 0.02% - 0.2% last year, with Bank of Communications having the highest growth rate and Postal Savings having the lowest growth rate. As of the end of the year, Bank of Communications also had the highest NPL rate of 1.67%. The NPL rates of Industrial and Rural China Construction and Postal Savings Bank were 1.58%, 1.57%, 1.46%, 1.56% and 0.88% respectively.
Who is "dragging down" the quality of bank assets? In terms of industries, wholesale, retail and manufacturing are still industries with high non-performing loan ratio; In terms of regions, the non-performing loan ratio in the Northeast, West, Central and Bohai Rim regions is longer than that in the Delta and Pearl River Delta regions.
At the same time, however, the six major banks are increasing efforts to collect and dispose of non-performing loans. For example, ICBC collected and disposed 217.6 billion yuan of non-performing loans last year, an increase of 28.9 billion yuan over the previous year. Last year, Bank of Communications handled a total of 82.911 billion yuan of non-performing loans, a year-on-year increase of 31%. In the past three years, the accumulative settlement amount was 213.4 billion yuan, more than the total of six years from 2012 to 2017, and the accumulative write off amount was about 146 billion yuan, more than the total of the previous 13 years.
At the performance conference of each bank, asset quality is also a "must". Jin Yanmin, the chief risk officer of CCB, revealed at the performance meeting that the disposal of non-performing assets of CCB would reach a historical high of 190.4 billion yuan in 2020, with a year-on-year growth of 20%. In 2021, CCB will continue to provide sufficient resources to digest and dispose of non-performing assets.
When asked about the impact of the recent policies of the State Council and the Central Bank on delaying repayment of principal and interest of microenterprises, Zhang Xuguang, Vice President of Agricultural Bank of China, said that the scale of this part of deferred loans is limited, and the loan allocation ratio is higher than the level of the whole industry. The overall risk is controllable, and will not have a significant impact on the bank's asset quality.
Who stepped on the red line of housing loan proportion?
Proportion of personal housing loans of CCB and Postal Savings Bank crossed the line
At the end of 2020, the Central Bank, together with the CBRC, issued the Notice on Establishing a Management System for the Concentration of Real Estate Loans of Banking Financial Institutions, setting a "ceiling" for the proportion of real estate loans to financial institutions in different grades. The top six state-owned banks are all in the first tier, and their real estate loans should not exceed 40%, and the personal housing loans should not exceed 32.5%.
Financial report data shows that, including personal housing loans and public real estate loans, ICBC and CCB had more than 6 trillion yuan of housing loans at the end of last year, CCB and ABC had more than 5 trillion yuan, and Bank of Communications and Postal Savings had more than one trillion yuan of housing loans. Individual housing loans account for the majority.
Personal housing loans have been favored by banks because of their low non-performing rate, but the proportion of personal housing loans in some banks has exceeded the standard. The financial report shows that CCB, a "big house lender", and Postal Savings Bank, a "big retail bank", accounted for 34.73% and 33.6% of the balance of personal housing loans at the end of last year, respectively, both above the 32.5% regulatory red line. ICBC, BOC and ABC accounted for more than 30% of the four large banks that did not exceed the limit, while BOCOM was relatively safe, accounting for 22.12%.
From another red line drawn out in the above notice, the proportion of real estate loans of the six major banks did not exceed 40% at the end of last year, but the proportion of real estate loans of BOC exceeded 39%, and that of CCB exceeded 38%.
Lv Jiajin, Vice President of CCB, said at the performance conference that CCB would continue to implement strict list system management on real estate development loans, focus on providing support for high-quality customers in tier one and tier two cities, carry out project compliance review, and strictly control the direction and purpose of loans. For individual housing loans, priority should be given to support the groups in need to meet the reasonable general housing needs and housing improvement needs of the people.
Who is driving consumer finance?
The number of credit cards issued by four banks exceeded 100 million, and the increase of postal savings exceeded 18%
The 14th Five Year Plan and the Outline of Vision Goals for 2035 put forward that "enhancing the fundamental role of consumption in economic development" and "comprehensively promoting consumption". In fact, in recent years, banks have made efforts in consumer credit, and credit card business is a "sharp weapon" whether from the perspective of expanding retail business layout or seizing the consumer financial market.
For example, Postal Savings Bank said in its annual report that "credit card business is the core component of the retail banking strategy of the Bank and is the strategic business of the Bank's key development." Last year, the Bank issued 7809400 new credit cards, with 36799200 balance cards, an increase of 18.32% over the end of last year. In December last year, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission approved the Postal Savings Bank to establish a franchise organization of credit card centers, laying the foundation for enhancing development vitality.
Among the other five state-owned banks with a relatively large base, the number of credit cards issued by China Construction Bank for Industry and Agriculture had previously exceeded 100 million, reaching 160 million, 130 million, 132 million and 144 million respectively at the end of last year, of which the rate of new card issuance by Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China and China Construction Bank was still above 5%. At the end of last year, Bank of Communications had 72.66 million registered credit cards.
Countries with strong user support are also very tight in scene expansion. For example, many banks held "Home Decoration Festival", "Auto Festival" and other consumer promotions last year; CCB increased joint promotion with leading enterprises such as Alipay, Tiaoyin and JD; ABC launched a credit card with the theme of "rural revitalization"; BOC supports the creation of core products such as Winter Olympic cards, ice and snow cards with winter Olympic ice and snow scenes and special services.
According to reporter statistics, the total consumption of credit cards of the six major banks last year reached 1.326 billion yuan, of which CCB "contributed" the most, reaching 3.05 trillion yuan; Bank of Communications ranked second, and the annual consumption of credit cards was 2.9 trillion yuan.
Shell Finance Reporter of Beijing News Cheng Weimiao Hou Runfang
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