Seasons are several periods of time when the geographical landscape appears circularly every year.The two seasons with different temperature and humidity are called transitional seasons.Spring and autumn in a year are considered as transitional seasons.
Chinese name
Transitional season
English name
transition season
definition
The alternate seasons between winter and summer are generally spring and autumn.
Applied discipline
Atmospheric Science (Level I Discipline), Climatology (Level II Discipline)
From the perspective of astronomical phenomena, seasonal changes are seasonal changes in the length of day and night and the height of the sun.In a year, the season with the longest day and the highest sun height is summer, the season with the shortest day and the lowest sun height is winter, and the transition season between winter and summer is spring and autumn.For this reason, the method of astronomical division of four seasons starts with the spring equinox (March 21), the summer solstice (June 21), the autumn equinox (September 21), and the winter solstice (December 21).That is, spring is from the spring equinox to the summer solstice, summer to the autumn equinox, autumn to the winter solstice, and winter to the spring equinox.
Meteorological division method
In the meteorological department, the period from March to May in the Gregorian calendar is usuallyspringFrom June to AugustsummerFrom September to NovemberautumnDecember to February of the next year is winter, and January, April, July and October are often regarded as the representative months of winter, spring, summer and autumn.
Chinese folk custom uses the lunar month to divide the four seasons.Spring is from January to March of the lunar calendar, summer is from April to June, autumn is from July to September, and winter is from October to December.The first day of the first lunar month is the first day of the year and the first day of spring, so it is also calledSpring Festival。
Although the above methods are simple and convenient, they have a common disadvantage that all parts of the country enter the same season on the same day, which is very different from the actual situation in various regions of China.For example, according to the above division method, March is already spring, when the area south of the Yangtze River is really pink and willows are green, and spring is strong;But in the north of Heilongjiang, the wind is cold and cold, with ice and snow, and there is no spring;People in Hainan Island have worn single clothes for summer.In order to make the division of four seasons coincide with the natural scenes and people's life rhythm, the meteorological department has adopted the method of dividing four seasons by waiting temperature.
Waiting temperature partition method
This kind of division is based on five days.The average temperature is used as the temperature index for four seasons.The beginning of summer is when the average temperature is stable above 22 ℃, the beginning of winter is when the average temperature is stable below 10 ℃, and the spring and autumn are when the average temperature is between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃.From 10 ℃ to 22 ℃ is spring, and from 22 ℃ to 10 ℃ is autumn.
Seasonal characteristics
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Both spring and autumn are transitional seasons, and the cold and warm air forces are equal and active.Wang Anshi once used this poem to describe his ambivalent feelings about the spring climate: "Sometimes the spring wind is good, sometimes it is bad, and the flowers cannot bloom without the spring wind, and the flowers are blown off by the wind." The description of spring weather is changeable.The climate in spring and autumn mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) Large range of temperature change
People generally regard spring as the beginning of the year, when everything looks fresh and vibrant. However, spring is also the period when the weather changes the most in a year, when the temperature is suddenly warm and cold and the temperature changes suddenly.The temperature difference in one day in spring is the largest.
Autumn is a transitional season before winter. It is vulnerable to cold air, and the temperature also changes abnormally. The temperature difference between morning and evening increases. From the beginning of autumn, the days are shorter and the nights are longer. The air pressure rises and the temperature drops.
(2) How windy the air is dry
Spring is in the adjustment period of atmospheric circulation, with frequent cold and warm air activities.In addition to the wide range of temperature changes, dry air and strong wind are another feature.Spring is the transitional season between winter and summer. The cold and warm air forces are equal, and both are very active. Therefore, gale weather often occurs, especially in northern China. It is characterized by alternating north and south gales with strong wind.Generally speaking, the frequent north-south gales will improve after May.The arrival of a strong wind brings cold air, the temperature drops, and the air humidity decreases.
In autumn, the temperature starts to decrease, the rainfall decreases, the air humidity is relatively low, the climate is dry, the air is short of water, and the human body is also short of water, which is prone to "autumn dryness", so the focus of health care in autumn is to moisten the lungs.
(3) Sandy weather in the north
With the rise of temperature in spring, if there was less precipitation in the previous period and the ground was dry, sand and dust weather would easily occur when strong wind came.Meteorologically, dust weather is divided into floating dust, blowing sand and sandstorm.In the northern region of China, March and April of each year are also the frequent periods of dust weather.
Dust weatherThe result is a sharp increase in various suspended particles in the atmosphere, especially those harmful to human healthInhalable particlesThe concentration also rises sharply, leading to a decline in air quality.
(4) It's cloudy and rainy in the south
In early spring or late autumn in China, there are several days in succession, even through the cold weather of continuous rain and sunshine.It is also called low temperature and continuous rain.
In the south, it is often cloudy and rainy in spring, with low temperature and warm temperature alternating. In rainy seasons, the humidity is high, which is easy to cause rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, it has a great impact on people's psychological diseases. Therefore, in spring, special attention should be paid to adapting to the changes in the natural climate.
Health care
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Health preservation in spring
1、 It is better to lie down and get up early every day to ensure a certain amount of sleep time.
2、 Strengthen exercise.After getting up every day, stick to a place with fresh air for early exercise. Perseverance can make you energetic and refreshed.
3、 Take more calories in breakfast to form the habit of taking most of the calories in breakfast every day, so as to provide sufficient calories for the human body.
4、 Eat a balanced diet.Eat more food rich in high-quality protein to meet the increase in protein demand due to strong metabolism in spring.
5、 Eat something slightly spicy, such as onions, ginger, leeks, garlic seedlings, etc;The diet should be light, and greasy dishes can make people tired after meals.
6、 Eat morevitamin AIt can protect and strengthen the upper respiratory tract mucosa and respiratory organsepithelial cellsFunctional carrot, spinach, pumpkin, tomato, green pepper, celery and other yellow green vegetables
VIIChronic tracheitis、bronchitisIt is also easy to attack in spring, so it is advisable to eat more food with the function of expelling phlegm, strengthening spleen, tonifying kidney and nourishing lung.For example, loquats, pears, walnuts, honey, etc. can help alleviate symptoms.
8、 Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, which can neutralize acidic products in the body and supplement vitamins.For example, raisins, oranges, bananas and apples are rich in this mineral.
Autumn health
In autumn, the temperature starts to decrease, the rainfall decreases, the air humidity decreases relatively, and the climate is dry.The air in autumn corresponds to the lung, and the dry climate in autumn is very easy to damage the lung yin, resulting in dry mouth and throat, dry cough with little sputum, dry skin, constipation and other symptoms. In severe cases, the cough can also be bloody, soAutumn health Prevent dryness.In autumn, the yang qi gradually shrinks and the yin qi grows, so maintaining the yin qi in the body becomes the primary task. The key to nourishing yin is to prevent dryness, and this principle should be specifically implemented in all aspects of life.
Autumn also implies cool autumn in the dry air.After people's excessive venting in summer, all organizational systems of the body are in a relatively poor state of water. If they catch a cold in the wind at this time, it is very easy to cause a series of symptoms, such as headache, stuffy nose, stomach pain, joint pain, and even relapse or induce new diseases.The elderly and those with weak physique have poor adaptability and tolerance to this change, so they should pay more attention to keeping cool.
Autumn is the transitional period of the human body when yang disappears and yin grows.Therefore, follow the natural characteristics of autumn to maintain health, that is, to protect the lungs, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. The following should be done specifically:
Living regimen: In autumn, you should go to bed early and get up early. Pay attention to adding clothes to prevent lung injury due to cold.
Spiritual health preservation: It is a good way to keep calm, optimistic, relaxed, put aside all worries and avoid sadness in autumn.
Sexual health: In autumn, we should pay attention to comply with the laws of nature collection, regulate sexual activities, and cultivate yin essence.
Diet Regimen: It is advisable to eat more acidic foods, such as apples, oranges, hawthorn, kiwi, etc., to astringe the lung qi;Eat less spicy food, such as onions, ginger, etc., to avoid diffuse diarrhea.Tremella, tofu, lily, honey, glutinous rice, japonica rice, bean sprouts, etc. can moisten the lungs and should be eaten often.In addition, in autumn, we can drink chicken soup, bone soup, etc.
Exercise regimen: Autumn is a good time for exercise. You can choose different sports according to your personal conditions, such as mountaineering, shadowboxing, swimming, etc. Long term adherence can enhance the cardiopulmonary function.
Medicine regimen: the basic principle of autumn medicine tonics should focus on nourishing, and avoid dissipation.Commonly used drugs include American ginseng, sand ginseng, Euryale ferox, Polygonatum odoratum, Asparagus, Ophiopogon japonicus, lily, privet fruit, flaxseed, dried rehmannia glutinosa, etc.
Diet recuperation: diet recuperation in autumn should follow the principle of "nourishing yin and preventing dryness", and diet should be nourishing yin, moist and juicy.
Disease prevention and health care
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In the transition season, cold and warm air meet frequently, and the weather is changeable from cold to hot. It is suitable for the breeding of various pathogenic microorganisms, and the resistance of the respiratory tract is reduced. If you do not pay attention to health care, it is easy to suffer fromInfectious Diseases, especially for respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases, attention should be paid to taking active prevention and comprehensive control measures.Common infectious diseases such as:
1. Influenza symptoms: generally, it is characterized by acute onset, obvious systemic poisoning symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache and body aches, and mild respiratory symptoms such as cough and runny nose
2. Rubella symptoms: the clinical characteristics are low fever, rash, and behind the ear, occipitalLymph node enlargement, mild systemic symptoms.
3. Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis: it is a chronic infectious disease, mainly manifested by fever, night sweats, general malaise, cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, chest paindyspneaEtc.
4、Epidemic parotitisSymptoms: It is characterized by acute swelling and pain of parotid gland, accompanied by fever and general discomfort.
5. Chickenpox symptoms: mild systemic symptoms,Skin mucosaThe rash, papule, blister and scab developed rapidly in batches.
7. Symptoms of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis: mainly manifested as sudden high fever, severe headache, frequent vomiting, ecchymosis of skin and mucous membrane, restlessness, which can occur in severe casesStiff neck, mental disorders and convulsions.
In terms of infectious disease prevention and control, try to:
1. Pay attention to opening windows properly for ventilation.Pay attention to keeping the indoor temperature relatively constant.In the morning, we should open the window for ventilation, exhale the old and accept the new, and always keep the room clean and fresh.
2. Pay attention to the timely increase and decrease of clothes.The weather in the transition season is hot and cold, and changeable.At the same time, human resistance is also in a low state.Therefore, we must increase or decrease clothes at any time as the temperature changes to prevent colds.
3. Take part in outdoor activities frequently.Spring and autumn are the best seasons for outdoor activities. Try to participate in some outdoor activities within your ability.
4. Keep your daily life regular.It is necessary to maintain a normal life pattern, ensure adequate sleep, avoid overwork, and do not act too aggressively. It is necessary to be open-minded, calm, and optimistic to enhance the disease resistance of the body.
5. Avoid going to public places.Public places are noisy and the air is dirtyEpidemic of infectious diseasesImportant places.People suffering from respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases should not consciously go to public places to avoid infecting others.
6. Pay attention to personal hygiene.Wash your hands with flowing water and soap immediately before and after meals and after going out.It is best to wash eyes and nasal cavity with clean water at least twice a day to ensure the hygiene of eyes and nose.When sneezing or coughing, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief, and do not spit everywhere.
7. Always turn over and dry clothes and bedding.The clothes and bedding are easy to breed germs after being wet.Ultraviolet rays in sunlight can effectively kill bacteria.Therefore, it is necessary to wash and dry clothes and bedding frequently, leaving no sanitary dead space.
