Glucosamine, representativeAminosugar, chemical formula is CsixHthirteenNOfive, a kind of hexosamine.Type D in nature is mainly characterized by N-AcetylglucosamineThe form of exists inchitin, mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and the cell wall cytoplasm of bacteria. Among lipopolysaccharides, the component sugar of complex polysaccharides is the most widely distributed.
RepresentativeAminosugar。It is a hexosamine.Type D in nature is mainly characterized by N-AcetylglucosamineThe form of exists inchitin, mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and the cell wall cytoplasm of bacteria. Among lipopolysaccharides, the component sugar of complex polysaccharides is the most widely distributed.The chemical system is calledα-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose.Heparin contains N-sulfuric acid ratio D-glucosamine.Streptomycin contains N-methyl-L-glucosamine.fromD-glucose, fructose 6-phosphate, and thenglutamineBiosynthesis of glucosamine 6-phosphate by transamination.The transfer reaction was inhibited by the antibiotic 2-azo-5-oxo-n-leucine (DON).Hexokinase with low matrix specificity exists in many cells. D-glucosamine given from outside the cell enters the cell, reacts with ATP under the action of hexokinase, becomes 6-phosphate D-glucosamine, and enters the normal assimilation pathway.
Extraction method: Glucosamine exists in crustacean species in nature, and can be taken by human body in daily consumption of shrimp and crab, but it will be largely consumed when digested and absorbed.Only Japan has the technology of refining glucosamine and synthesizing healthy food, and more cooperationCoenzyme Q10And collagen, used to maintain skin, anti-aging.[1]
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Some people sayN-acetylglucosamineyeschitinThe latest third-generation health function in health food seriesfood additives。As a sweetener, NAG has the characteristics of low calorie, good health function, soft and refreshing sweetness, etc.Japan has approved the use of NAG as a food additive sweetener, and the United States has also allowed NAG to be used in food.It is an ideal sweetener for diabetics and obese patients because it will not cause the rise of blood sugar after consumption.NAG and glucosamine can stimulate the vagus nerve branch network of the liver, make the hunger center hungry, cause the excitation of the systemic parasympathetic nerve, expand the arterioles, increase the blood flow, increase the supply of oxygen and fatty acids to muscle cells, and eliminate the water stored in the intercellular substance, and PH will rise,insulinThe sensitivity will increase, thus alleviating the symptoms of diabetes.Therefore, NAG can be developed into diabetes prevention food.
NAG can promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, so NAG can be added to bifidobacteria products or lactic acid drinks to promote the growth and reproduction of bacteria.The health food can regulate the distribution of intestinal flora, increase beneficial bacteria and reduce harmful bacteria, thus changing the intestinal micro ecological environment.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for beauty and health care, and beauty and health food is also called out.As NAG plays the role of moisturizing and lubricating in the body, it can promote the biosynthesis of proteoglycan and increase the skinHyaluronic acidThe content of proteoglycans can improve the skin's moisture andArthralgiaAging phenomenon can beautify skin.Therefore, it is of great economic and social significance to develop NAG into beauty food, nutritional health food and functional food for arthritis treatment.
Glucosamine as a newFunctional sweeteners , is gradually recognized by people.With the in-depth research on the preparation, physiological activity and quality indicators of glucosamine, it will have a broad application prospect in food, medicine, cosmetics, etc.[1]
