US Department of Energy

U.S. Federal Government Departments

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The United States Department of Energy US Federal Government A department of the U.S. Federal Government responsible for energy Policy formulation ， Energy industry Management, energy related Technology R&D , weapon development, etc. The highest leader is the Minister of Energy. The headquarters of the U.S. Department of Energy is located in James Forester Building in southwest Washington Maryland Germantown, Maryland also has an office.

On December 1, 2019, Secretary of Energy Rick Perry Twitter It is called his official retirement.^[1]

Chinese name: US Department of Energy
Foreign name: United States Department of Energy
Date of establishment: August 4, 1977

Predecessor mechanism: Federal Energy Administration 、 Energy Research and Development Bureau
Number of employees: Federal: 16100 Contract: 100000
Annual budget: US $23.4 billion
Official website: http://www.energy.gov/

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▪ administrative organ
five Subordinate laboratory

Development history

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DOE logo

US Federal Government Before the establishment of the Ministry of Energy in 1977 Jurisdiction It was once scattered among more than 40 federal agencies (agencies, bureauus and commissions). Including the United States energy management The Federal Energy Administration Federal Power Commission (the Federal Power Commission) and the Energy Research and Development Administration Energy planning The principal organ of.

As an effective energy policy An item of precondition , which has extensive responsibilities for energy affairs and can be set up by the President direct control Our department is necessary. Congress and the President agreed on this need, so the Organic Law of the Department of Energy in 1977 US Congress Less disputes between China and Israel were passed.

DOE acts as American history The 12th cabinet office on the Ministry of the Interior Power for reporting work Sales management The power marketing agencies also report to the Ministry of Energy. However, what is more important than the number of organs integrated by the new Ministry of Energy is the broad powers and responsibilities entrusted to it by law. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Energy include implementing a coordinated and unified national energy policy, establishing and implementing a unified energy conservation strategy, developing solar energy geothermal energy And others can Renewable energy To ensure adequate and reliable Energy supply 。^[2]

Functional responsibilities

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Department of Energy Building, Washington

The broad responsibilities of the Ministry of Energy are also reflected in a large number of quasi autonomous organizations. The Organic Law of the Ministry of Energy clearly stipulates that the Ministry of Energy has eight assistant ministers who undertake the following responsibilities:

1. Including various energy production And utilization form energy resources Application;

2. Energy research and development ；

3. Responsibilities for environmental protection;

4. International projects and policies;

5. And nuclear weapon Management, research and development related national security duty;

6. Intergovernmental policies and exchanges, especially the relationship with state and local governments;

7. In the energy industry consumer protection And competition;

8、 Nuclear waste Administration;

9、 Energy conservation Including formulating a unified national energy conservation strategy;

10、 Electricity market Construction;

11. Public and congressional relations.

The Minister of Energy may, at his discretion, assign these powers to such Assistant Ministers as he deems appropriate. However, when nominating an assistant minister to the Congress, the responsibilities of the candidate should be clarified at the same time.

In addition to dividing responsibilities among assistant ministers, the Minister of Energy also directly leads Energy Information Administration (the Energy Information Administration) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.^[3]

leader

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On December 15, 2020, before Biden's nomination Michigan Governor Jennifer Gram Secretary of the United States Department of Energy.^[4]

Directly affiliated institutions

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Energy Information Administration

Energy Information Administration（ EIA ）Founded in 1977, it is the energy information of the Ministry of Energy data statistics And analysis agency, for U.S. government Provide support services for energy decision-making. Headquartered in Washington DC , 370 subordinate staff, the Ministry in 2006 fiscal year Of Budget $85 million. The purpose of EIA is to provide information on energy policy and Energy forecast And analysis to improve decision-making rationality and Market performance And promote the development of energy, economy and environment Coordinated development , lifting The public Perception of energy policy. The Director of the Office of Energy Information and Analysis of the Federal Energy Administration is responsible for collecting information and implementing a comprehensive and unified plan for collecting, analyzing and publishing energy data and information, including Energy reserves , energy production, technology, supply and demand forecast and related economic and statistical information 。

In addition to the general power of energy information collection, EIA is also responsible for collecting the information needed to prepare the profiles of all energy production companies in the United States financial reports And other financial and statistical information. The EIA Director has the right to collect a wide range of information from energy companies.

EIA is the main information source of energy data and its analysis and prediction in the United States. According to the law, EIA carries out independent information reporting and is not affected by the government.

EIA issues weekly, monthly and annual reports, including energy production, reserve, demand, import and export, price and other aspects. At the same time, put forward analysis opinions on the above contents and make Special report 。 The weekly report includes the production, consumption and market of oil, natural gas and coal, natural gas reserves and the latest report. each Monthly report The report includes short-term energy outlook, natural gas monthly report, electric power monthly report, energy monthly comment, etc. The annual report includes International Energy Outlook Energy Review Annual Report, Natural Gas Annual Report, Coal Annual Report, USA Greenhouse gas emissions Annual report, etc. Special reports include Energy price 、 Arctic Oil and natural gas production, national power overview and regional analysis summary, etc.

The information provided by EIA to the public includes energy data, analysis, prediction, and Information products explain.

1. Energy data. Most energy data are collected by EIA staff. adopt Statistical questionnaire Collect energy data from energy producers, information users, transporters and other enterprises. Companies and users directly report to EIA Provide reports. Some data are from trade associations and other government departments.

2. Information analysis. EIA information analysis products include technical reports and related energy problem Analysis articles, including economy, technology, energy production, price, distribution, reserves, consumption and environmental effect And so on.

3. Information prediction. The EIA information forecast covers various energy types. The forecast includes supply, consumption, price and other important factors. Short term forecast The time span of, Medium term forecast It can be extended to the next 20 years.

Energy Regulatory Commission

The most important organization within the Department of Energy is the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This committee has assumed the main functions of the Federal Power Commission, including the Federal Power Act Part I All projects specified (including projects aimed at improving navigation capacity and related to the development and utilization of navigable waterways); All rights required for the transmission, sale and interconnection specified in Part II of the Federal Power Law; According to Sections 1, 4, 5 and 6 of the Natural Gas Policy Law Natural gas transportation And the right to regulate sales; To issue permits to meet public convenience and needs in accordance with Section 7 of the Natural Gas Policy Act; As well as the regulation of the Federal Power Law and the Natural Gas Policy Law M&A Right of regulation.

The committee can perform these functions when necessary to perform its functions under the Federal Power Act and the Natural Gas Policy Act.

The committee also accepted Interstate Commerce Commission The right to set the pipeline transportation price and evaluate the pipeline price. As a part of the National Energy Law, the Public Utility Regulation Policy Law further expanded the authority of the Committee.

The uniqueness of FERC lies in its status as a quasi independent organ within the Ministry of Energy. Although the Commission is required to report to the Minister of Energy, its delegated act stipulates its independence in performing many functions Regulators 。 The relationship between the Secretary of Energy and the Commission is very delicate, reflecting two concerns of Congress. First of all, Congress hopes that the Commission will be able to make decisions on price and other controversial issues independently, just like the Federal Power Commission in the past. Second, Congress hopes that the Commission will not affect the Secretary of Energy's responsibility for overall energy policy. For example, except for the limited rulemaking provided for in section 404 of the Administrative Procedure Act, decisions made by the Commission within its competence are final and not subject to further review by the Minister of Energy and other officials within the Ministry. Section 404 of the Act deals with rules, regulations and policy statements of general application made by the Minister of Energy. If the Committee finds that the proposed rules clearly affect the Committee's functions and powers, the Committee may set a public review period.

The Secretary of Energy, as well as all other officials within the Department of Energy, must also, at the request of the Commission, provide him with such information as the Commission deems necessary to carry out his duties. The Minister of Energy also has the right to intervene in all committee agendas, but the Minister of Energy has the right to legal obligation Same as all other interveners.

Project organization

The US Department of Energy has established a number of program offices to perform their responsibilities of supporting national security through the management of these program offices.

1. Civil Nuclear waste Office of Civil Radioactive Waste Management: The mission of the Civil Nuclear Waste Management Office is to manage and deal with high-energy nuclear waste and Spent fuel , protect health, safety and environment, strengthen national security and Energy security And enhance the public's confidence.

2. Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability: The mission of the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability is to guide State Grid Modernization and enhancement of Energy infrastructure Safety and reliability, and promote Coping ability 。

3、 energy efficiency Office of Energy Efficiency&Renewable Energy: The mission of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is to promote clean, adequate, reliable and affordable energy supply.

4. Office of Environmental Management: The task of the Environmental Management Office is to eliminate the risks and dangers left by nuclear weapons production and research.

5、 Fossil energy Office of Fossil Energy: The task of the Fossil Energy Office is to continue to obtain clean and affordable energy from traditional fossil energy.

6、 Estate management Office of Legacy Management: The Heritage Management Office is responsible for managing the closure of the Ministry of Energy nuclear facilities The subsequent treatment will ensure the protection of human health and environment in the future.

7. Office of Nuclear Energy: The mission of the Office of Nuclear Energy is to support the development of various national nuclear energy projects.

8. Office of Science scientific research The largest supporter of, providing more than 40% of financial support for this important area of national significance. The office is entrusted by law with the responsibility of supervising all research and development projects of the Ministry of Energy, avoiding duplication and gaps, and managing multiple research tasks under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Energy National Laboratory , grant grants and other financial support needed for effective basic and applied research, and implement the research goals and plans of the Ministry of Energy Effective implementation Education and training activities required.

administrative organ

The Department of Energy Staff Offices is responsible for providing administrative, management and supervision support for the projects and offices of the Ministry of Energy.

1. Chief Financial Officer: Chief Financial Officer The Office of Financial Management, the Office of Budget, project liaison and financial analysis The Office of Program Liaison and Financial Analysis Project analysis The Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation and the I-MANAGE functions.

2、 Chief Information Officer (Chief Information Officer): The Office of the Chief Information Officer is responsible for designing, implementing and maintaining the successful application of information technology projects and initiatives in the Ministry of Energy and its offices.

3. Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs: General public The liaison, communication, coordination and interaction promoted the implementation of policies, projects and initiatives of the Ministry of Energy.

4. Office of Economic Impact and Diversity: administrative decree And suggest that the Minister of Energy's actions on energy policies, projects, regulations and other departments Ethnic minority education Advise on the impact of institutions, small businesses or women run businesses.

5、 General Counsel Office of General Counsel: The Office of the General Counsel is responsible for providing legal advice, advice and assistance to the Secretary, Deputy Secretary and all agencies within the Ministry (except FERC), and acting on behalf of the Department of Energy before federal, state and other government agencies or courts.

6. Office of Health, Safety and Security leadership and strategic vision 。

7. Office of Hearings and Appeals: The Office of Hearings and Appeals is responsible for holding hearings and making decisions on any matters authorized by the Ministry of Energy Preliminary award Except for matters under the jurisdiction of FERC and the Board of Contract Appeals.

8、 Human capital management Office of Human Capital Management: human capital The management office includes the Offices of Human Capital Management Strategic Planning and Vision, Human Capital Management Innovations and Solutions and Human Capital Management Operational Implementation office.

9. Office of Inspector General: The Office of Inspector General aims to promote the effective, efficient and economic operation of projects of the Ministry of Energy through audit, investigation and other review methods, and prevent fraud in projects managed and funded by the Ministry of Energy.

10. Office of Intelligence: The Office of Intelligence is responsible for providing timely information on foreign nuclear weapons nuclear material And technical information analysis on world energy issues.

11. Office of Management: The management office is responsible for administration, engineering and construction management, procurement and auxiliary management, aviation management, scheduling and advance preparation competitiveness The Offices of Administration, Engineering and Construction Management, Procurement and Assistance Management, Aviation Management, Scheduling and Advance, Competitive Sourcing and the Executive Secretariat.

12. Office of Policy and International Affairs: The function of the Office of Policy and International Affairs is to provide unbiased suggestions for the leadership of the Ministry of Energy on existing or future energy related policies based on complete and fully based data and analysis.

Subordinate laboratory

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The US Department of Energy is the US federal government stay Basic scientific research The most important management and funding institutions in the field, with 24 National Laboratory And technology centers, such as world-class Oak Ridge National Laboratory 、 Argonne National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory, thomas jefferson National accelerator test facilities are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Energy, and more than 30000 scientists are engaged in cutting-edge research in these laboratories and technology centers, with key areas mainly including High-energy physics 、 Nuclear science 、 Plasma Science Computational science 、 material science , as well as biological, chemical environmental science Etc. The research of these national laboratories in high-energy physics, nuclear science, plasma science, computational science and other fields represents the highest level in the world today. They are:

Ames Laboratory;

Argonne National Laboratory （Argonne National Laboratory）；

Brookhaven National Laboratory;

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory （The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory）；

Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory （ Idaho National Laboratory）；

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory （Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory）；^[5]

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory;

Los Alamos National Laboratory;

National Energy Technology Laboratory;

National Renewable Energy Laboratory （National Renewable Energy Laboratory）；

New Brunswick Laboratories（ New Brunswick Laboratory）；

Oak Ridge Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education;