A chain formed by glucose, galactose and other monosaccharide molecules according to a specific sequence
Sugar chains are chains formed by glucose, galactose and other monosaccharide molecules according to a specific sequence. The related topic is the post genomic era.
Chinese name
sugar chain
Interpretation
A chain formed by sugar molecules in a specific sequence
Scientists speculate that abnormal division of cancer cells may be related to abnormal sugar chains.Therefore, sugar chain research becomes“post-genomic era”It is an important subject of.According to Professor Shihiro Nishimura of Hokkaido University, researchers are actively developing vaccines that can kill cancer cells andLong acting insulinAnd other drugs.
GlycobiologyAnd sugar chemistry research has become the 21st centurylife sciencesFrontier and hot areas.The elucidation of sugar chain structure and function will be one of the core contents of life science research in the post genome era, and will have a profound impact on the maintenance of human health and the prevention and treatment of diseases.In the past decade, governments and internationally renowned research institutions have launched a series of huge plans to carry out research on glycobiology and glycochemistry.China has also launched a series of exploratory research topics and major research projects in this field, which has accumulated a certain amount of work and provided the basis and conditions for conducting research in related frontier fields.The core of glycobiology and glycochemistry is to reveal the structure and biological function of sugar chains.Sugar chains, as bioinformatics molecules, participate in almost all life and disease processes of cell biology and play a specific role in signal transduction such as recognition, mediation and regulation.cell surfaceGlycoconjugateThe change of sugar chain structure is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer, infection and other diseases.The research on the structure and function of sugar chains characteristic of major diseases can not only reveal gene functions, etcEssence of lifeThe mechanism of occurrence and development of major diseases will also be clarified.Research content of this project: tumorcell membraneThe research on the structure of characteristic sugar chains as an entry point, with the signal transduction function of characteristic sugar chains in the process of tumor metastasis as the core research content, systematically analyzes the influence of characteristic sugar chains on signal transduction of tumor cell membrane and its mechanism through four levels of gene, enzyme, sugar chain and signal transduction, and explains the correlation between the structure of characteristic sugar chains and functional changes;The relationship between the structure and function of characteristic sugar chains was demonstrated through the study of the signal transduction of tumor cells by artificial synthetic sugar chains and the analogues of exogenous sugar chains (marine biological sugars).Key scientific problems to be solved: the structural changes of characteristic sugar chains in tumor cell membranes and their regulatory mechanisms;The relationship between characteristic sugar chain structure and signal transduction pathway.The significance of this project is to organize research teams related to glycochemistry and glycobiology at home and abroadcell cancerationThe change of sugar chain structure and function during the process clarifies the biological function of sugar chain in cell signal transduction and reveals the structure-activity relationship of sugar chain as a signal transduction substance.Its research results will have important academic value in clarifying the role of sugar chains in the life process and the occurrence and development of major diseases, and will promote the frontier exploratory research in the fields of glycobiology, glycochemistry and even life science.This research combines cutting-edge research with resource characteristics. Through research on endogenous sugar chains and exogenous sugar chains, it builds innovative and distinctive research ideas and research systems, and forms a research team with international competitiveness and development potential.In view of the fact that glycobiology and glycochemistry are newly developed research fields in the world, the completion of this project will make due contributions to the construction of a high-level research system in the frontiers of glycobiology and glycochemistry in China, and to China's efforts to maintain the same level of research in this subject field as the international frontiers.
After completing the interpretation of the human genome,life sciencesOne of the next key objects of our research is the so-called "sugar chain".Sugar chain is also determined by a simple code DNA composed of four letters, but it carries very complex information, so it is naturally very difficult to study it.But the sugar chain is not only related to ourblood typeIt is related to the fertilization process, and also related toInfluenzaInfection and cancer cell metastasis are closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases.By studying sugar chains, we can understand some life phenomena that we did not know before, which is helpful to the research and development of new drugs.This article introduces the most advanced research work on sugar chain.
In 2003, the relevant departments announced that "the interpretation of the human genome has been completed".However, up to now, we have not fully understood the phenomenon of life.Admittedly, through the interpretation of the genome, we have obtained a lot of information about why we get sick, and also found some new methods to develop drugs. The remaining problems only need time.So, after finishing the work of understanding and reading genomes, what is the next object we need to figure out?The next target to be tackled is probably the "sugar chain" called "post post genome".
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Sugar chain can be said to be a substance that determines the characteristics of "cell face".Sugar chains not only determine the type of red blood cells (red blood cells), but also play a very important role in the process of communication between cells.For example, the fertilization process when eggs and sperm meet, and the neural structure that transmits information at a very fast speed, all involve the recognition between cells by sugar chains.Researchers have come to realize more and more clearly that sugar chain is not only an essential substance to maintain the normal operation of our body, but also closely related to the occurrence of many diseases.For example, there is a special sugar chain in cancer cells.When cancer cells metastasize or viruses invade, it is because the sugar chains in our body cells are "misused".It can be seen that we must pay attention to the research work on this "cell face" whether from the perspective of revealing life phenomena or developing new drugs.
