Electron number is the number of electrons.The electron is aElementary particleIn chemistry, the number of electrons generally refers to the number of extranuclear electrons of atoms or ions.
The number of electrons is the number of electrons.The electron is aElementary particle。
In chemistry, the number of electrons generally refers to the number of extranuclear electrons of atoms or ions.
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Some properties of matter are determined byMicrostructureDetermined ("four decisions"):
1. The number of outermost electrons determines thechemical property。For example:Noble gasAtomicNumber of outermost electronsThe chemical properties of metal and nonmetal atoms are stable when they reach a stable structure. The number of outermost electrons of metal and nonmetal atoms does not reach a stable structure, so their chemical properties are active.
2. The number of outermost electrons determines the highest positive or lowest negative valence of the element.If the outermost electron number of sulfur is 6, its highest positive valence is+6, and its lowest negative valence is - 2.
3. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the type of element. For example, the element with 13 protons isaluminumElement.
4. Neutron number affects elementRelative atomic mass(Relative atomic mass=number of protons+number of neutrons).If the proton number of sodium is 11,Neutron number12, the relative atomic mass of sodium is 23.
variousElectronic layerThe maximum number of electrons is 2n ^ 2 (n is electronssequenceNumber).The number of outermost electrons shall not exceed 8（Layer KNot more than 2 for the outermost layer).The number of electrons in the secondary layer shall not exceed 18, and the number of electrons in the penultimate layer shall not exceed 32.The extranuclear electrons are always arranged first in the electron layer with the lowest energy, and then from inside to outside. Only when the L layer is full can the M layer be arranged.The above four laws are interrelated and cannot be understood in isolation.
