Thermothermal power generation technology is a technology that uses the temperature difference between high and low temperature heat sources, uses low boiling point working fluid as the circulating working medium, and uses high temperature heat sources to heat and evaporate the steam generated by the circulating working medium on the basis of Rankine Cycle (RC) to drive turbine power generation. Its main components include evaporator, condenser Turbine and working fluid pump. The working fluid in the evaporator is heated and evaporated by a high temperature heat source. The evaporated working fluid expands adiabatic in the turbine to drive the turbine blades for power generation. The working fluid after power generation is introduced into the condenser and its heat is transferred to a low temperature heat source, so it is cooled and restored to liquid, Then it is sent to the evaporator through the circulating pump to form a cycle.
Thomson effect The physical explanation of the free electron It has greater kinetic energy than the free electron at lower temperature. Like gas, thermal diffusion will occur when the temperature is uneven, so free electrons diffuse from the high temperature end to the low temperature end, and accumulate at the low temperature end conductor Endogenesis electric field , which is led into a Potential difference 。 This free electron Diffusion Until Electric field force The effect on the electron is in equilibrium with the thermal diffusion of the electron [1] 。 
Thermoelectric generation The skin pores of the shark's nose are filled with nerve cells that are very sensitive to electric current. The temperature change of the sea water makes the colloid generate electric current, stimulate the nerves, and make the shark sense the temperature difference. Scientists believe that with this colloid, the shark can sense the temperature change of 0.001 ℃, which is conducive to their foraging in the sea water.
Mammals rely on cell surface The change of external temperature causes charged ions to enter and exit the channel, generates current, stimulates nerves, and makes animals feel warm and cold. Unlike mammals, sharks use colloids to sense temperature changes without ion channels. Thermoelectric refrigeration
Thermoelectric refrigeration Also called thermoelectric refrigeration, or Semiconductor refrigeration , which is a refrigeration method using thermoelectric effect (Peltier effect). 
Thermoelectric generation Thermoelectric refrigerators generally have small cooling capacity, so they are not suitable for large-scale and large cooling capacity use. However, due to its strong flexibility, simplicity, convenience and easy switching between hot and cold, it is very suitable for micro refrigeration field or cold places with special requirements.
The theoretical basis of thermoelectric refrigeration is solid Thermoelectric effect When there is no external magnetic field, it includes five effects: heat conduction Joule heat Loss, Seebeck effect, Peltier effect and Thomson effect. Common refrigerators and refrigerators use fluoride chloride as refrigerant, resulting in ozone layer The refrigerant free refrigerator (cold air) is therefore an important factor for environmental protection. Using the thermoelectric effect of semiconductor, a refrigerant free refrigerator can be made. This power generation method is to directly convert heat energy into electric energy Its transformation efficiency is limited by the second law of thermodynamics, namely Carnot efficiency. It was discovered as early as 1822, so the thermoelectric effect is also called Seebeck effect [1] 。 Thermoelectric generation
January 2019, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Li Guoneng Professor team designed a thermoelectric power generation based on Seebeck effect Cogeneration System, a new type of radiant collector is proposed, which adopts Biomass fuel The distributed combined heat and power generation system based on PCHP can get rid of dependence on fossil fuels. [3] On August 30, 2019, under the guidance of Professor Fan Xi'an, the research team of Wuhan Wuke University students successfully used the temperature difference between human body temperature and the environment to make a human body temperature difference power generation battery.
The power generation principle of this battery is mainly the thermoelectric power generation principle. When the temperature difference between the human body temperature and the ambient temperature occurs, it will lead to the movement of the carrier in the chip, and the movement of the carrier can realize power generation. This achievement solves the problem that mobile devices need to be charged, and can be applied to national defense equipment, medical equipment, personal entertainment terminals, animal husbandry, etc. in the future. [2]
William Thomson was born in Ireland in 1824. His father, James, was a professor of mathematics at Belfast Royal College and later taught University of Glasgow When William was 8 years old, his family moved to Glasgow, Scotland. Thomson entered Glasgow University at the age of 10 (you should not be surprised that Irish universities would enroll the most talented pupils at that time). He began to study university level courses at the age of 14. At the age of 15, he started to study university level courses with an article entitled“ Earth shape ”The article won the university's gold medal. Thomson later went to Cambridge University to study and graduated as the second student in the whole grade. After graduation, he went to Paris and conducted an experimental study for one year under the guidance of Lenio. From 1846 to 1899, Thomson returned to Glasgow University as a professor of natural philosophy (modern physics). In 1899, Thomson officially retired. Thomson founded the first modern physics laboratory in Glasgow University; At the age of 24, he published a monograph on thermodynamics, establishing the "absolute" of temperature Thermodynamic temperature scale ”； At the age of 27, he published the book Thermodynamics Theory, establishing The second law of thermodynamics , making it the basic law of physics; Found together with Joule Gas diffusion Joule per hour - Thomson effect ； After nine years of establishing a permanent Atlantic submarine cable between Europe and the United States, it was awarded the noble title of "Lord Kelvin". Thomson has studied a wide range of subjects all his life, including mathematical physics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, elasticity ether Theory and earth science have made great contributions. Putting these aside, we return to the theme of "Thomson Effect". Before introducing the Thomson effect, let's introduce the work done by our predecessors. In 1821, German physicist Seebeck found that in a closed circuit composed of two different metals, when the temperature of two contacts is different, an electric potential will be generated in the circuit, which is called“ Seebeck effect ”。 In 1834, French experimental scientist Partier discovered its reverse effect: two different metals form a closed circuit, when there is DC current in the circuit, there will be a temperature difference between the two connectors, which is called Peltier effect 。 In 1837, the Russian physicist Leng Ci found again that the direction of the current determines whether to absorb or produce heat, and the amount of heating (cooling) is proportional to the size of the current. In 1856, Thomson made a comprehensive analysis of the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect by using the thermodynamic principle he founded, and established a connection between the originally unrelated Seebeck coefficient and the Peltier coefficient. Thomson believes that Absolute zero There is a simple multiple relationship between Peltier coefficient and Seebeck coefficient. On this basis, he predicted a new Thermoelectric Effect, that is, when the current conductor When the current passes, the conductor will produce irreversible Joule heat In addition, it also absorbs or emits a certain amount of heat (called Thomson heat). Or conversely, when the temperature at both ends of a metal bar is different, the two ends of the metal bar will form Potential difference 。 This phenomenon was later called Thomson effect, which became the Seebeck effect And the third after the Peltier effect Thermoelectric effect （thermoelectric effect）。 Seebeck effect It is the phenomenon of generating potential when there is a temperature difference between the two ends of a conductor. The Peltier effect is the phenomenon of generating temperature difference between the two ends of a charged conductor (one end generates heat and the other end absorbs heat). The combination of the two constitutes Thomson effect 。 [1] 
