The utilization of ocean energy refers to the use of certain methods and equipment to convert various ocean energy into electric energy or other available forms of energy.As marine energy has the advantages of renewable and non polluting environment, it is a new energy with strategic significance that needs to be developed urgently.[1]
Chinese name
Ocean energy
Foreign name
ocean energy
Basic concepts
Renewable energy contained in the ocean
Classification
Tidal energy, mechanical energy and thermal energy caused by waves
Features
Large overall reserves and small individual reserves
Ocean energyIt is a kind of renewable energy hidden in the ocean, including tidal energy, mechanical energy and heat energy caused by waves.Ocean energy also involves a broader category, including wind energy over the sea, solar energy on the sea surface and biomass energy in the sea.China has 18000 kilometers of coastline and 6960 islands with a total area of 6700 square kilometers.Most of these islands are far from land, so they lack energy supply.Therefore, in order to realize the sustainable development of our coastal and island economies, we must vigorously develop our marine energy resources.
Ocean energy
Ocean energy refers to renewable energy attached to seawater. The ocean receives, stores and distributes energy through various physical processestide, wave, temperature differencesalinityGradient, current and other forms exist in the ocean.The earth surface area is about 5.1 × 10eightkmtwoOf which the land surface area is 1.49 × 10eightkmtwo29%;The ocean area reaches 3.61 × 10eightkmtwo, at sea level, all landAverage altitudeIt is about 840m, while the average depth of the ocean is 380m, and the volume of the whole seawater is up to 1.37 × 10ninekmthree。The endless sea not only providesshipping, water source and rich mineral resources, and also contains huge energy. It combines solar energy and derived wind energy with heatmechanical energyIt is not as easy to be lost as it is on land or in the air.
Marine power generation device
Sea water temperature difference energyIt is a kind of heat energy.Low latitudeSea surface temperatureHigher,[2]AndDeep waterThe formation of temperature difference can produce heat exchange.Its energy is directly proportional to the temperature difference and the heat exchange water volume.Tidal energy, tidal current energy, ocean current energy and wave energy are all mechanical energy.Tidal energy andTidal rangeThe size is proportional to the tide.The energy of waves is proportional to the square of wave height and the area of fluctuating water area.It still exists in the estuarine watersSea water salt differential energy(also known as sea waterchemical energy）, there aresalinityPoor, if separated bySemipermeable membrane, fresh water
Infiltration of seawater on one side can produce osmotic pressure, and its energy isPressure differenceIt is proportional to the osmotic energy.
Energy characteristics
Announce
edit
1. The reserves of ocean energy in the total ocean water body are huge[1], while the energy per unit volume, per unit area and per unit length is smaller.That is to say, if you want to get large energy, you must get it from a large amount of seawater.
Power generation scheme of tidal current energy
2. Ocean energy is renewable[1]。Ocean energy comes fromSolar radiant energyAs long as the sun, moon and other celestial bodies coexist with the earth, this energy will regenerate andInexhaustible。
3. Marine energy can be divided into relatively stable and unstable energy.The more stable ones are temperature difference energy, salinity difference energy and ocean current energy.Unstable energy can be divided into regular and irregular changes.Unstable but regularly changingTidal energyAnd current energy.According to the change law of tide and tidal current, people prepare daily and hourly tide and tidal current forecasts around the country to predict the tide size and tidal current strength at various times in the future.Tidal power stationThe power generation operation can be arranged with the tidal power station according to the forecast table.What is unstable and irregular is wave energy.
4. Ocean energy belongs to clean energy, that is, once it is developed, it has little impact on environmental pollution.
Energy form
Announce
edit
Tidal energy
Tidal energy refers to the potential energy generated in the process of rising tide and falling tide.The intensity of tidal energy is related to the number of tidal heads and drop.Generally, the tide with a head drop greater than 3m has the value of capacity utilization.Tidal energy is mainly used for power generation.
Wave energy
Wave energy refers to the kinetic energy and potential energy of ocean surface waves[6]Is a kind of mechanical energy generated under the action of wind and stored by short periodic waves in the form of potential energy and kinetic energy.[1]Wave energy is mainly used for power generation, as well as water transmission and pumping, heating, seawater desalination and hydrogen production.
Thermoelectric energy
Ocean energy
Sea water temperature difference energyIt refers to the surface seawater andDeep sea waterThe heat energy of water temperature difference between is an important form of ocean energy.The sea surface water temperature at low latitudes is relatively high, and there is a temperature difference with deep cold water. However, the thermal energy of temperature difference is stored, and its energy is proportional to the size of temperature difference and water volume.[1]
The main use of temperature difference energy is power generation. The first person who proposed the idea of using seawater temperature difference for power generation was French physicist Asonwal. In 1926, Asonwal's student Claude successfully tested seawater temperature difference for power generation.In 1930, Claude built the world's firstSeawater temperature difference power station10 kW power is obtained.
The biggest difficulty in the utilization of temperature difference energy is the size of temperature difference, the energy density is low, the efficiency is only about 3%, and the heat exchange area is large, the construction cost is high, so countries are still actively exploring.
Salt differential energy
Salt differential energyIt refers to the chemical potential difference energy between seawater and fresh water or between two seawater with different salt concentration, and it is the ocean energy in the form of chemical energy.It mainly exists at the junction with rivers and seas.At the same time, salt lakes and underground salt mines in areas rich in fresh water can also use salt differential energy.Salt difference energy is a renewable energy with the largest energy density in ocean energy.
It is estimated thatEstuarine areaThe salt difference can reach 30TW, and 2.6TW may be used.The salt differential energy in China is estimated to be 1.1 × 10 ^ 8kw[3]It is mainly concentrated at the sea outlet of major rivers. At the same time, there are many inland salt lakes available in Qinghai Province and other places in China.The study of salt differential energy takes the study of the United States and Israel as the first, and ChinaSwedenAnd Japan have also carried out some research.But on the whole, the research on salt differential energy, a new energy source, is still at the level of laboratory experiments, and there is still a long way to go from demonstration applications.
Ocean current energy
Ocean energy
Ocean current energyIt refers to the kinetic energy of sea water flow, which mainly refers to the energy generated by relatively stable flow in submarine watercourses and straits and regular sea water flow caused by tides. It is another kind of ocean energy in the form of kinetic energy.[1]
Ocean current energy is mainly used for power generation, and its principle is similar to that of wind power generation.The theoretical estimate of current energy worldwide is about 10eightKW magnitude.[1]Using various observation and analysis data of 130 channels and gates along the coast of China, the annual current energy along the coast of China is calculated and calculatedAverage powerThe theoretical value is about 1.4X10sevenkW。Belong to the worldpower density One of the largest regions, where Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian and Taiwan are rich in ocean current energy, and the energy density of many waterways is 15~30kW/mtwo, with good development value.Especially in ZhejiangZhoushan IslandsThe average power density of Jintang, Guishan and Xihoumen waterways is 20kW/mtwoAbove, the development environment and conditions are very good.
Sea breeze energy
Offshore wind energyIt is the kinetic energy generated by the massive air flow on the earth's surface.On the sea, the wind is stronger than on land, and the direction is more simple. Experts estimate that the power output of an ocean wind turbine with the same power in one year can be 70% higher than that of a land wind turbine.The principle of wind power generation: the wind acts on the impeller, converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which drives the impeller to rotate, and then increases the speed of rotation through the booster engine to promote the generator to generate electricity.The offshore wind energy resources in China are three times of the onshore wind energy resources, and the available wind energy reserves are 750 million kW.The southeast coast and its islands between the Yangtze River and Nan'ao Island are the largest wind energy resource area and rich in wind energy resources in China.Resource rich areas include Shandong, Liaodong Peninsula, the Yellow Sea coast, the South China Sea coast to the west of Nan'ao Island, Hainan Island and the South China Sea islands
ocean heat
Ocean heat energy refers to the heat energy caused by the temperature difference between the surface water body and the deep water body of the ocean.In addition to power generation, ocean thermal energy can also be used for seawater desalination, air conditioning, and deep-sea mineral development.
Advantages and disadvantages
Announce
edit
shortcoming: There is no consensus on the best means of obtaining energy. Large projects may damage natural water flow, tide and ecosystem.
advantage: inexhaustible renewable resources,Tidal energy There are rules to follow, and the development scale can be large or small.
Marine energy resources usually refer to the renewable natural energy contained in the ocean, including tidal energyWave energy、Ocean current energy(tidal current energy)Sea water temperature difference energy、Sea water salt differential energyEtc.[3]These energy sources have the advantages of renewable and non polluting environment, and are a new energy with strategic significance that needs to be developed and utilized urgently.
Wave power generationAccording to scientists' calculations, the electric energy stored in waves on the earth is up to 90 trillion degrees.Large wavesGenerator SetIt has also come out.In China, wave power generation has also been studied and tested, and a power generation device for navigation beacons has been made.In the future world, there will be something belonging to China in every oceanWave power generationFactory.Wave energy will make great contributions to China's electricity industry.
According to the World Dynamics Conference, tidal power generation in the world will reach 100-300 billion kilowatts by 2020.The world's largest tidal power station is located in the English Channel in northern FranceLanceHekou Power Station, with a power generation capacity of 240000 kilowatts, has been working for more than 30 years.China has built Jiangxia tidal power station in Zhejiang Province, with a total capacity of 3000 kilowatts.[1]
The second is to send warm water directly into the vacuum chamber to boil it into steam.Steam is used to pushturbogeneratorPower generation, and finally draw cold water from 600~1000 meters deep to condense steam.
The first is closed cycle, and the second is open cycle.
Ocean energy
Seawater thermoelectric power generationIn 1930, the first test in France was successful, but it was issued at that timeelectric energyIt does not consume as much electricity as it does, so it cannot be put into practice.Many countries are conducting research on seawater thermoelectric power generation.Practice proves that openCirculation ratioClosed cycle has more advantages: ① warm seawater as working medium can avoid ammonia orDichlorodifluoromethaneAnd other toxic substances on the sea; ②Open cycle system direct contactheat exchanger, low price and high efficiency; ③The direct contact heat exchanger can be made of plastic, which is resistant tocorrosiveHigh; ④It can produce by-product distilled water.Open cycle also has disadvantages: low steam density and large turbine volume;When the seawater turned into steam is discharged back into the ocean, it will affect the living environment of nearby creatures.
1. Thermoelectric generation
In non azeotropic medium（Freon-22 andFreon-12The output power is 1.1~1.2 times of the previous one.The trial operation of a 75 kW pilot plant has proved that because the heat exchanger uses a flat plate device, it requires little water pumping, consumes little transmission power, and costs less other accessories. In addition, with computer control, the net power output can reach 70% of the rated power.A 3000 kilowatt power stationPower generation costOnly 50 yen or less, lower than the price of diesel power generation.It is expected that usingOcean thermal power generationIf it can be realized within a century, it can become a new starting point for new energy development.
2. Tidal power generation
The surging sea, under the influence of the sun and the moon's tidal power, sometimes the tide is high, sometimes quietly recedes, leaving a beach.The ocean moves up and down like this, day and night, year after year, in such a regular and rhythmic way, as if people are breathing.The regular fluctuation of sea water is called tide.
Tidal power generation is an important way to use tidal energy.According to preliminary estimates, the world's tidal energy is about 1 billion kilowatts, generating 2 to 3 trillion kilowatt hours of electricity every year.ChinesecoastlineIt is 18000km long. According to the census results in 1958, it is estimated that there are at least 28 million kilowatts of tidal power resources, and the annual power generation is at least 70 billion kilowatt hours.
The world famous spring tide area isEnglish channelThe highest tidal range there is 14.6m, and the tidal range along the Atlantic coast is also 4-7.4m.China's Hangzhou Bay“Qiantang Tide”OfTidal rangeUp to 9 meters.
It is estimated that onlyYangtze RiverAn 800000 kilowatt tidal power station can be built in the north branch of Koukou, with an annual generating capacity of 2.3 billion kilowatt hours, close toXin'An RiverThe total power generation of Hechunjiang Hydropower Station;Qiantang RiverA 5 million kilowatt tidal power station can be built in Haikou, with an annual generating capacity of more than 18 billion kilowatt hours, equivalent to about 10Xin'anjiang Hydropower StationPower generation capacity.
As early as the 12th century, humans began to use tidal energy.French coastBrittanyThe province has built a "tidal mill", which uses tidal energy instead of human power.With the progress of science and technology, people began to build dams and tidal power stations.
France has built the world's first large-scale building in BrittanyTidal power stationThe power station has a large scale. The dam is 750 meters long and the dam crest is a highway.The average tidal range is 8.5 meters, and the maximum tidal range is 13.5 meters.The annual power generation is 544 million kilowatt hours.
After liberation, China built some small tidal power stations along the coast.For example, Daliang Tidal Power Station in Shunde County, Guangdong Province (144 kW), Huamei Taigu Tidal Power Station in Xiamen, Fujian Province (220 kW), Shashan Tidal Power Station in Wenling, Zhejiang Province (40 kW) andXiangshanGaotang tidal power station (450 kW).
3. Wave power generation
“Three feet of waves without wind”It is a true portrayal of the surging sea.The sea waves have amazing power. The pressure of a 5-meter high sea wave is 10 tons per square meter.Big waves can throw 13 tons of rocks to 20 meters high, overturn 1700 tons of rocks, and even push tens of thousands of tons of giant ships ashore.
The total energy of ocean waves is amazing.It is estimated that the energy contained in the waves on the earth is equivalent to 90 trillion kilowatt hours of electric energy.
Utilization status
Ocean energy
Some of the above different forms of energy have been used by humans, and some have been included in the development and utilization plan, but the degree of development and utilization of marine energy is still very low.Despite theseMarine energy resourcesThere are various differences between them, but they also have some common characteristics.Each marine energy resource has a considerable energy flux: tidal energy andsalinityThe gradient energy is about 2TW;Wave energy is also on this magnitude;The ocean thermal energy is at least two orders of magnitude larger than this.But these energies are scattered in the vastGeographical region, so actually theirEnergy flux densityQuite low, and most of these resources are stored in the sea area far away from the power consumption center area.Therefore, only a small part of marine energy resources can be developed and utilized
1. Problems
There are two main reasons why a lot of ocean energy has not been used up to now: first, poor economic benefits and high costs.2、 Some technical problems have not been passed yet.Nevertheless, many countries have organized research to solve these problems while formulating ambitiousMarine energy utilizationplan.For example, France plans to use tidal energy to generate 35 billion kilowatt hours of electricity by the end of this century, Britain plans to build a 1 million kilowatt wave power station, and the United States plans to build 500 on the east coastocean heat power station。From the perspective of development trend, ocean energy will becomeCoastal country, especially one of the important energy sources of developed coastal countries.
2. Outlook
There is a large amount of renewable marine energy in the world.according toUNESCOAccording to the estimate in the 1981 publication, the total amount of theoretically renewable five kinds of ocean energy is 76.6 billion kilowatts.The temperature difference energy is 40 billion kilowatts, the salt difference energy is 30 billion kilowatts, and the tidal and wave energy are 3 billion kilowatts respectively,ocean currentIt can reach 600 million kilowatts.However, as mentioned above, it is difficult to extract all the above energy, and it is assumed that only strong currents, tides and waves can be used;The utilization of salinity difference in regions with large rainfall is limited by Carnot efficiency of heat engine.Therefore, it is estimated that the technically permissible power is 6.4 billion kilowatts, including 3 billion kilowatts of salt difference energy, 2 billion kilowatts of temperature difference energy, 1 billion kilowatts of wave energy, 300 million kilowatts of current energy, and 100 million kilowatts of tidal energy (estimated).
The intensity of ocean energy is higher thanConventional energyIs low.The sea water temperature difference is small, and the large temperature difference between the sea surface and 500~1000 meters deep water is only about 20 ℃;The tidal and wave water level difference is small and largeTidal rangeOnly 7-10 meters, and the larger wave height is only 3 meters;The speed of tide and current is small, and the larger speed is only 4-7 knots.Even so, among renewable energy sources, ocean energy still has considerable energy flow density.Taking wave energy as an example, the average wave power per meter of coastline is 50 kW in the most abundant sea area, and generally 5-6 kW;The latter is equivalent to the solar current density of 1 kW/m2).Another example is tidal current energy. The average tidal current power of Zhoushan Islands with a maximum velocity of 3 m/s in a tidal current cycle is 4.5 kW/m2.Ocean energy asNatural energyIt is changing at any time.However, the ocean is a huge energy storage reservoir. Solar energy and derived wind energy are stored in seawater in the form of thermal energy, mechanical energy, etc., which is not as easy to be lost as on land and in the air.Sea water temperature differencesalinityThe difference and current are relatively stable, 24 hours a day, small fluctuations day and night, only slightlySeasonalityChanges.Tide and current are constantPeriodic change, spring tide, neap tide, rising tide, falling tideTidal level, tide speed and direction can be accurately predicted.Ocean waves are the most unstable in the ocean, seasonal, periodic, and adjacent periods are also changing.But the waves are wind, waves andSurgeThe swell originates from the wind energy of the vast sea area for a long time, which is not as easy to rise and stop suddenly as the local sun and wind and is affected by local weather.
The use of ocean energy is still very expensive. Take the French Lens Tidal Power Station as an example, its investment per kilowatt of installed capacity is 1500 dollars (1980 price), higher than that of conventional thermal power stations.However, in coastal areas (including islands) where there is a serious lack of energy, it is advisable to use marine energy as a supplementary energy.
Current situation in China
Announce
edit
On the whole, China is rich in marine energy resources, with the exploitable capacity of 1 billion kW.Among them, the total installed capacity of tidal energy resources in China's coast is 2179kW;The theoretical average power of wave energy is 12.85 million kW;The theoretical average power of 130 watercourses with tidal energy is 13.94 million kW;The total installed capacity of thermal energy resources available for development in offshore and adjacent waters is about 1.747 billion kW to 2.1865 billion kW;The theoretical power of coastal salt energy resources is about 114 million kW;The offshore wind energy resources reached 750 million kW.[4]
developing process
The development of marine energy in China has a history of nearly 40 years. So far, 8 tidal power stations have been built. Since the 1980s, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places have carried out investigation, survey, planning design, feasibility study and other preparatory work for several large and medium-sized tidal power stations.In short, China's offshore power generation technology has a good foundation and rich experienceTidal power generationThe technology is basically mature and has the technical conditions for developing medium-sized tidal power stations.However, the overall scale and unit capacity of the existing tidal power stations are still small, the cost per kilowatt is higher than that of conventional hydropower stations, and the construction of hydraulic structures is still relatively backwardGenerator SetNot standardized yet.These are the existing problems of tidal energy development in China.The key problem is that the technical problems of the hydraulic turbine generator set of the medium-sized tidal power station have not been completely solved, and the cost of the power station needs to be reduced urgently.
Wave power generation in Chinatechnical study Since the 1970s, it has achieved rapid development since the 1980s. The floating micro tidal power generation device for beacon lights has become commercialized, and hundreds of sets have been produced, which has been popularized and applied on the beacons and large lightships in coastal waters.The rear bend buoy power generation device developed in cooperation with Japan has been exported to foreign countries, and the technology is at the international leading level.The first unit with an installed capacity of 3kW, the shore fixed wave power station developed and built on Dawanshan Island, Pearl River Estuary, has been successfully commissioned in 1990.The shore type wave force test power station with a total installed capacity of 20 kW and the swing type wave force test power station with a total installed capacity of 8 kW of the "Eighth Five Year Plan" science and technology tackling project have been successfully trial built.In a word, although wave power generation in China started late, it developed rapidly.Micro wave power generation technology has matured, and small shore wave power generation technology has entered the world's advanced ranks.However, the scale of wave energy development in China is far smaller than that in Norway and the United Kingdom, and small wave power generation is still far from being practical.
Tidal current generationThe research began in the mid-1970s internationally, mainly in the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom, and so on. Up to now, there has been no report on physical power generation devices.The research on tidal current power generation in China began in the late 1970s, first inZhoushanThe principle test of 8kW tidal current generator set was carried out in the sea area.Vertical shaft self-aligning blade has been carried out since 1980sWater turbineThis principle is being used for the research of 70kW tidal current test power station.The site of the station in Zhoushan sea area has been selected.China has begun to research and build physical power stations, which is in the leading position in the world, but there are still a series of technical problems to be solved.
Compared with other energy sources, tidal current energy has the following advantages: strong regularity and predictability;High power density, stable energy, easy to manage power generation and distribution of power grid, and it is an excellent renewable energy;The utilization form of tidal current energy is usually open and will not have a great impact on the marine environment.[5]
In recent 20 years, due to the influence of fossil fuelsenergy crisisDriven by the pressure of environmental change, marine energy, as one of the major renewable energy sources, has made great progress. With the support of related high-tech support, the application technology of marine energy has become increasingly mature, showing a bright future for mankind to make full use of marine energy in the next century.China's mainland coastline is more than 18000 kilometers long, with more than 6960 islands of different sizes. The total area of islands is 6700 square kilometers. There are more than 430 inhabited islands, with a total population of more than 4.5 million.Coastal areas and islands are both bases of export-oriented economy andMarine transportationAnd the development of marine outposts, and plays an important role in consolidating national defense and safeguarding the rights and interests of the motherland.Since the reform and opening up, with the development of coastal economy, island development is imminent. Energy shortage has seriously restricted the economic development and the improvement of people's living standards.Foreign businessmen and overseas Chinese are unwilling to invest because of the island's lack of energy;The island troops have difficulty in using electricity, which is not conducive to national defense construction;Especially XishaNansha IslandsIslands far away from the mainland rely on the mainland to supply energy. Because the supply line is too long, it is inconvenient and very difficult.In order to ensure the sustained and rapid development of coastal and island economies and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, it is urgent to find ways to solve the shortage of energy supply.
Technical status
Data shows that since the 1980s, China has successively built a number of small and medium-sized tidal power stations in coastal areas and put them into operation for power generation.The largest tidal power station was built in May 1980 in Zhejiang ProvinceWenling CityJiangxia tidal experimental power station is also one of the large two-way tidal power stations built in the world.The total storage capacity is 4.9 million cubic meters, and the effective storage capacity for power generation is 2.7 million cubic meters.The maximum tidal range here is 8.39 meters, and the average tidal range is 5.08 meters;The power of the power station is 3200 kW.It is understood that Jiangxia Power Station can generate electricity for 14~15 hours every day and night, which is 30%~40% more than the one-way tidal power station.Jiangxia Power Station can provide 10 billion watts/hour of power for Wenling and Huangyan power grids every year.
In addition to tidal energy, focus on the development of wave energy andSeawater thermal energy。Statistics show that the waves generate 200000 kilowatts of energy every second on the sea surface of 1 square kilometer. The waves that can be developed and utilized in the world's oceans are about 2.7-3 billion kilowatts, while the wave reserves in China's near sea areas are about 150 million kilowatts, and the amount that can be developed and utilized is about 30-35 million kilowattsdeveloped countryConstruction of small wave power stations has begun.
Seawater heat energy is that after the sea water on the sea is heated by the sun, it depressurizes in the vacuum pump to turn the sea water into steam, and then drives the steam turbine to generate electricity.At the same time, the steam is led up, cooled and recycled into fresh water.These two technologies are under research and development in China.
Existing power station
May 4, 1980, Zhejiang ProvinceWenlingOfJiangshaThe first unit of tidal power stationGrid connected power generation, opening the prelude to the large-scale construction of tidal power stations in China.The power station is equipped with 6 sets of 500 kWTurbine generator unitThe total installed capacity is 3000 kW, the total length of the tidal dam is 670 meters, and the effective storage capacity of the reservoir is 2.7 million cubic meters. It is a modern tidal power station of no small scale.It not only makes due contributions to solving the energy shortage in Zhejiang, but also has economic competitiveness.The unit cost of Jiangxia tidal power station is 2500 yuan per kilowatt, which is equivalent to the cost of small hydropower stations.The 40 kilowatt small tidal power station in Shashan, Zhejiang, has been in good operation since its completion in 1959, with an investment of 40000 yuan and an income of more than 350000 yuan.Haishan Tidal Power Station has an installed capacity of 150 kilowatts, an annual power generation of 290000 kilowatt hours, and an income of 20000 yuan. It also raises clams, fish and shrimp, and makes bricks, with an annual income of 200000 yuan.
There are three forms of tidal power generation: one is single reservoir and one-way power generation.It is to build dikes, plants and sluices in the bay (or estuary) to separate the bay (or estuary) from the open sea, and open the sluices when the tide rises,Tidal waterThe reservoir is full, and the water level difference between inside and outside the reservoir is used to form a strong tap impact when the tide fallsHydro generatorGroup power generation.This method can only generate electricity at low tide, so it is called single reservoir one-way power generation.The second is single reservoir two-way power generation, which also only builds one reservoir, adopts ingenious hydraulic design or two-way water turbine generator units, so that the power station can generate power at rising and falling tide.However, neither of these two power generation modes can generate electricity during the low tide.The third type is dual reservoir two-way power generation.It is to build two reservoirs in the bay with favorable conditions. During the process of rising tide and falling tide, the water level of the two reservoirs always keeps a certain drop. The hydro generator is installed between the two reservoirs, which can generate power continuously.
Tidal power generation has many advantages.For example,Tidal waterRegularly coming and going, not affected by flood or low water;Take the estuary or bay as the natural reservoir, which will not flood a large amount of land;No environmental pollution;No fuel consumption, etc.However, tidal power stations also have arduous projects, high cost, and the sea water hasCorrosionAnd so on.However, comprehensive economic comparison shows that the cost of tidal power generation is lower than that of thermal power generation.
