Living cells canthe new supersedes the oldCells that reproduce and replicate.For example: platelets, yeast cells, sperm, etc.Living cells are also called activated cells.[1]
Chinese name
Living cell
Foreign name
Living cell
Differentiation method
Living cells can cause plasmolysis and death, etc
Interpretation
Cells capable of metabolism, reproduction and reproduction
Living cells canthe new supersedes the oldCells that reproduce and replicate.For example:sieve tubes , yeast, pollen, sperm, platelets, etc.Living cells are also called activated cells.[1]
the way to distinguish
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distinguishDead cellAnd living cells: ①. Living cells can generatePlasmolysisDead cells can't. ②When cultured, living cells can reproduce, while dead cells cannot. There are manyCells。③、conductdyeingDead and live cells present different results ④. Direct observationCellular structure。
Difference with dead cells
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Difference in cell membrane permeability
The cell membrane of living cells is a kind of selective membrane, which plays a role of protection and barrier to cells and only allows the selective passage of substances;After cell death, the cell membrane is damaged and the permeability is increased. The commonly used method to identify cell death with trypan blue is to use this property.Trypan blue, also known as cone blue, is an anionic dye that cannot penetrate the complete cell membrane.Therefore, after dyeing with trypan blue, only dead cells can be colored, while living cells are not. Methyl blue has a similar dyeing mechanism,plant cellThe plasmolysis can also be used to identify the dead or alive.
Differences in cell metabolism
The basis of identification of yeast cell death and viability with methylene blue dye.Methyl blue is a non-toxic dye. The oxidation type is blue, and the reduction type is colorless.Because of the role of metabolism in living cells, the cells have a strong reduction ability, which can make the methylene blue change from the oxidizing nature of blue to the colorless reducing type, and the blue is in the oxidizing state, thus being dyed into blue or light blue.
Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) is a kind of commonly used culture animal and plant cells and plant cellsProtoplastThe dyeing mechanism also takes advantage of the difference in metabolism between living and dead cells: FDA itself does not produce fluorescence and has no polarity, and can freely penetrate into and out of complete cell membranes.When FDA enters the living cell, it is decomposed by the lipase in the cell to generate a polar substance that can produce fluorescence - fluorescein, which is decomposed by FDA but cannot produce fluorescence.
In addition, there are some special dyes for organelles, such as neutral red, a special dye for vacuoles.Neutral red is a low toxic dye, which can make the living cell vacuole red, while the cytoplasm and nucleus are not stained;The vacuoles of dead cells are not stained or lightly stained, the dye is dispersed throughout the cell, and the nucleus and cytoplasm are dyed red.Sometimes, in order to increase the dyeing effect, two dyes can be used together, such as methyl blue neutral red mixed dyeing.aboutticker-tape timer The most important thing is not to forget to turn on the power first, and then release the paper tape.[1]
Living cell count
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Living cell count means that cultured cells need a certain density to grow well under general conditions, so cell count is required.The counting results are expressed in cells per milliliter.The principle and method of cell counting is the same as that of blood cell counting.
The cultured cells need a certain density to grow well under general conditions, so cell counting is required.The counting results are expressed in cells per milliliter.The principle and method of cell counting is the same as that of blood cell counting.
In the cell population, there are always some cells that die for various reasons. The percentage of living cells in the total cells is called cell vitality. Cells separated from tissues generally need to check their vitality to understand whether the separation process has damage to cells.The viability of the recovered cells should also be checked to understand the effects of cryopreservation and resuscitation.
When cells are stained with trypan blue, dead cells are colored, while living cells are not, thus dead cells and living cells can be distinguished.The relative number and activity of cells can also be measured by using certain enzymes in cells to react with specific reagents.
scientific research
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In 2022,Researchers from the University of Bristol, UK, have taken an important step in synthetic biology. They have designed a system that can perform several key functions of living cells, including energy generation and gene expression.[2]
