Collection

zero Useful+1

zero

Water crisis

When natural disasters, social and economic anomalies or emergencies occur, they threaten the normal water supply or water disaster prevention order

synonym Water shortage (Water supply shortage caused by water resource shortage) Generally refers to water crisis

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Water crisis refers to a situation where natural disasters, social and economic anomalies or emergencies threaten the normal water supply or water disaster prevention order. Different perspectives on water crisis will lead to different response mechanisms and decisions. According to foreign experience, when a country uses more than 20% of its available water resources, it is very likely to have a water crisis.

On the evening of May 5, 2022 local time, the Nelson Mandela Bay City Government of South Africa warned that if residents do not reduce water use, drought and excessive water use will lead to water cut off in the CBD and other areas of the city before the end of June, and then will affect more areas.^[3]

Chinese name: Water crisis
Foreign name: Water Crisis

Classification: Direct water crisis and indirect water crisis
Three Kingdoms Crisis: China, India, USA
Discipline: water conservancy project

catalog

one Profile
two classification
▪ Direct water crisis
▪ Indirect water crisis
▪ difference
three related data
▪ World Water Resources and Its Development Trend
▪ Worries about World Water Resources

Profile

Announce

edit

Water Crisis

water It is the milk that feeds human beings. Without water, there would be no reproduction of life; The world without water will be a world of death. The earth is full of vitality because of water. However, for various reasons, on the one hand Human demand for water is increasing day by day , on the other hand Man made waste And people's attitude towards water Pollution of resources And make water resources continuously exhausted. Water resources crisis It will become one of the most serious practical problems facing mankind in the 21st century.

classification

Announce

edit

For the convenience of research, water crisis is divided into Direct water crisis And Indirect water crisis 。

Direct water crisis

It refers to the threat or harm to water safety directly caused by emergencies, including natural disasters and man-made disasters. Natural disasters are also called natural crises, such as rainstorm Mountain torrent , drought typhoon , earthquake, debris flow and other natural forces directly damage the stability of water supply and defense, resulting in threats or hazards, such as floods and droughts, threatening or endangering life and property. Although this natural crisis is irresistible, it is generally predictable because of the natural laws to follow. Also known as man-made crisis, man-made disaster refers to the threat or hazard directly caused by human subjective behavior to water supply safety, such as man-made water pollution , man-made water project damage, etc. The reason why this man-made crisis is regarded as a direct water crisis is that these man-made emergencies are directly related to water and have relatively fixed actors, such as factories discharging sewage to rivers and reservoirs, and fish bombing around reservoirs. The water management department can foresee and take corresponding protective measures based on previous management experience.

Indirect water crisis

Wuxi Water Crisis

It refers to the indirect threat or harm to water safety caused by emergencies that seemingly have nothing to do with water, mainly refers to man-made disasters, such as war, disease, terrorist activities, explosions, strikes, demonstrations and other political or economic emergencies. For example, the water quality problem in the epidemic area caused by the SARS epidemic in 2003, especially the hospital sewage discharge and treatment of designated SARS patients. Such seemingly unrelated emergencies are usually unpredictable, random, and irregular. Water management departments cannot judge the regularity of their occurrence based on previous management experience.

difference

It can be seen that there are the following main differences between direct water crisis and indirect water crisis:

1. From the causes: direct water crisis is caused by events directly related to water, and indirect water crisis is caused by events indirectly related to water;

2. From the rule of occurrence, direct water crisis generally has a rule to follow, which can be predicted according to frequency analysis or accumulated management experience. Indirect water crisis has no rule to follow, is highly accidental, and cannot be predicted;

3. From the frequency and quantity of occurrence, direct water crises are frequent and numerous, while indirect water crises are sporadic and few.

Serious water crisis

related data

Announce

edit

World Water Resources and Its Development Trend

There is a large reserve of water on the earth, but fresh water only accounts for 2.5%, of which less than 1% is easily available for human use. According to the latest estimates of experts, the renewable freshwater resources on the world's land are about 42.75 trillion cubic meters, of which about 12.5~14.5 trillion cubic meters are easy to use. According to the population statistics in 1995, the per capita fresh water resources in the world are about 7450 cubic meters, of which the per capita fresh water that is easy to use is about 2180~2440 cubic meters. It can be seen that the freshwater resources on the earth are limited. The demand for water grows rapidly with the development of population and economy. From 1940 to 1990, the global total water consumption increased four times in 50 years. In 1995, the global total water consumption reached 3600 billion cubic meters, and the per capita water consumption reached 628 cubic meters, accounting for 27~30% of the readily available fresh water resources.

The distribution of water resources on the earth is uneven, with more in some places and less in others. According to the United Nations survey, about 460 million people around the world live in countries or regions with high water stress, and a quarter of the population is about to face serious water stress.

Since the first United Nations Water Resources Conference was held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, in 1977, water resources have become a worldwide hot issue. Twenty six United Nations agencies have been involved in water related matters. In recent years, hundreds of international water conferences have been held. Among them, the most influential conferences are: the 1992 United Nations Environment and Development Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; In 1997 Morocco Marrakech for the first time World Water Forum ； 1998 Paris International Conference on Water and Sustainable Development; 2000 Hague The Second World Water Forum, etc. In the Global Environment Outlook released in 2002, the United Nations Environment Programme pointed out that "at present, half of the world's rivers are significantly reduced or seriously polluted, and 80 countries or 40% of the world's population are seriously short of water. If this trend is not curbed, more than 55% of the world's population will face water shortage in the next 30 years". In 2002 South Africa At the World Summit on Sustainable Development, all representatives unanimously agreed to list the water crisis as one of the most serious challenges facing mankind in the next decade.

Under the promotion of international conferences and relevant organizations of the United Nations, the work of water resources in countries around the world has made great progress. Has carried out Water Resources Assessment Activities. The evaluation methods of water resources are theoretically discussed and experimentally studied. stay Water resources planning In the study, due to the prominent competitive water use problem, investment competition has resulted. The rational allocation of water resources among regions, departments and multi-objective water use has become the focus of various contradictions in the development process of water scarce regions. Therefore, countries have begun to devote themselves to the planning and research of river basins and regions.

The world is in a water crisis

Since the 1980s, the deterioration of water quality and water environment has become more and more serious, threatening people's health. Water environment has become a research hotspot. Countries have formulated water quality standards for surface water and groundwater, and established various types of rivers, lakes and reservoirs Water quality model And try to link water quality research with water quantity research to realize the unified mathematical description of water quantity and water quality in water resources discipline. After the 1992 United Nations Summit on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainable development has become increasingly popular, injecting new vitality into the development of water resources discipline. Inspired by the concept of sustainable development, countries recognize water from the perspective of development model Resource development and utilization And economic development, understand the relationship between water resources utilization and protection, the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection, the role of management in water resources development, utilization and protection, and water resources management Water demand management , water supply management, water quality management and water price management, as well as the role of economic mechanism, legal mechanism and administrative mechanism in water resources management. The re understanding and discussion of the above relationship led to the proposal and initial formation of water resources values and methodology for sustainable development, marking that the discipline of water resources has entered its initial maturity stage.

Worries about World Water Resources

In the 1970s, the United Nations“ human environment ”Issue warning: "Water will soon become a serious social crisis^[1] ， oil crisis The next crisis after that is water. " World Resources Institute In this regard, it also warns the world that "the water resources available for living, agriculture and industry on the earth are going to the limit." A report recently issued by the International Population Action Organization pointed out that by 2025, the population in areas with insufficient water for living in the world will have increased from 3 3.5 billion to 3 billion. Some well-known experts and scholars call for cherishing every drop of water and reminding people to pay attention to the increasingly serious Water resources crisis 。

The United Nations has investigated and analyzed the world's water resources, and believes that Freshwater resources It is extremely limited. Fresh water resources are not inexhaustible. Although our recuperating earth is a blue planet covered by water with an area of 70%, the total water reserves are about 13 600 million cubic kilometers, but 97% of them are bitter sea salt water, and only about 3% of the fresh water available for human development and drinking. However, about 2% of the 3% fresh water 66% of them are polar snow mountain glaciers and ice snow in permafrost areas that are difficult for human development and utilization. The truly available fresh water resources for human society are only equal to 0% of the reserves of fresh water resources 3 4 %。 According to the analysis and survey of modern scientific and technological means, 1/3 of the population of the earth on which human beings rely for survival and reproduction cannot get safe water. About 3.4 billion people out of the 5.3 billion people on the earth only have 50 liters of water per person per day, and nearly 70 countries (regions) are seriously short of water. Faced with the limited freshwater resources, man-made waste, pollution, overexploitation, etc., make the freshwater resource crisis increasingly severe.

According to the statistics of relevant materials, World population It is estimated that by 2025, the world population will increase from 55 The demand for fresh water has increased by 6% every year from 700 million to 8.5 billion. The demand for fresh water resources is far higher than or greater than the growth quota of the population, and the contradiction will be more prominent in cities with large water consumption.

There are many countries (regions) in the world that are short of freshwater resources. It is expected that in a few years, the number of countries (regions) in crisis of freshwater resources will multiply. Among more than 180 countries, 2/3 of them will be short of freshwater resources to varying degrees. Nowadays, some countries (regions) are looking for countermeasures to solve the crisis of fresh water resources for the sake of crisis water, and even some countries have faced serious confrontation for the sake of fresh water resources. Egypt and Ethiopia , India and The People's Republic of Bangladesh Fierce disputes often arise over water resources. Turkey is in Tigris River 、 Euphrates River The favorable position of Water resources crisis Can stop the inflow of two rivers at any time Iraq Therefore, the two rivers may cause contradictions and conflicts between countries at any time. Saudi Arabia is famous for its rich oil. The rich oil reserves have not brought benefits to Saudi Arabia's water resources Saudi Arabia The price of fresh water is dozens of times that of gasoline. stay Persian Gulf War Water, a common substance, has become a powerful "weapon" to restrict the victory or defeat of war. Water resources show its special use value. In this regard, some scholars and experts have come to the conclusion that if some countries fight for oil today, it may be the shortage of water resources that will provoke the war in the next few years.

Undrinkable salt water on earth: ocean

FAO It is predicted that by the end of this century, the annual per capita water resources in Asia will drop from 5100 cubic meters to 3300 cubic meters; Europe will drop from 4000 cubic meters to 4100 cubic meters; North America From 2 130000 cubic meters dropped to 1 75000 cubic meters; Africa will drop from 9400 cubic meters to 5100 cubic meters; Latin America will go from 4 88000 cubic meters dropped to 5100 cubic meters. By 2000, the per capita share of the world's freshwater resources will be reduced by more than 20%. The frequency of the development of modern industry, agriculture and science and technology is accelerating, which provides material conditions for the development and progress of human society. However, with the development of modern cities and the growth of industry and agriculture, the water consumption of human beings is also on a straight upward trend, and this straight upward trend will be difficult to curb with the development of economy, and its momentum will become stronger and stronger. According to statistics, the daily industrial production and Domestic water for residents It needs more than 60 million tons, but it is difficult to count the cities with millions of people in the world, and its daily water consumption is self-evident. From the perspective of production field, it is even more surprising: 100 tons of water is needed to produce one ton of caustic soda, 200 tons of water is needed to produce one ton of steel, 1000 tons of water is needed to produce one ton of man-made fiber, and 200 to 500 tons of water is needed to produce one ton of paper and petrochemical products. The water consumption of the primary industry is more. Some materials show that the water consumption of the primary industry is more than four times that of the world's industrial water. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the proportion of industrial water and agricultural water in the world will shrink, but this reduction takes time and is extremely limited. In developing countries, the population growth and industrial production in some cities have greatly exceeded their water supply capacity, resulting in a crisis of urban water resources. For example, Mexico mexico city , Chilean Santiago , Indian Delhi The crisis of water resources has occurred, forcing these countries to take measures, including water-saving, restricting the water use of large industrial households, and even investing huge amounts of money in long-distance water supply. Especially in recent years, due to the impact of drought and high temperature weather, many countries (regions) have Water resources crisis 。 South Korea, Japan, Israel, Singapore and other countries had a rare situation of limited supply of water resources for many years, some even to the point of forcing factories to close, which really surprised some governments.

In the case of increasingly severe water resources, the worldwide water pollution is very serious. Due to human destructive deforestation of forest resources, a large amount of wastewater is discharged after industrial development, ecological equilibrium Man made destruction, continuous poisoning and pollution, the increasing number of people, the growing problem of worldwide water pollution, and the real water available for human consumption are dramatically reduced. According to the statistics of relevant materials, about 4 billion cubic meters of sewage is discharged into rivers every year in the world, which alone accounts for about 14% of the world's total fresh water. industrial waste water 40% of the stable amount of rivers in the world have been seriously polluted by the discharge of cyanide 、 Phenolic compounds , arsenide, etc. The discharge of industrial wastewater makes the odor of some rivers turn black and red, posing a serious threat to human health. The United Nations has made a thematic study on human drinking water. The research results show that about 10 billion people in the world today do not have access to drinking water that meets the sanitary standards. Many children die prematurely because they do not have access to clean drinking water. The number of deaths reaches tens of thousands every day. According to the International Water Supply Association, 25 million children under the age of five die each year from aquatic diseases caused by contaminated drinking and clothing. In developing countries, the number of deaths caused by lack of clean and sanitary drinking water is more than 12.4 million every year. Some scientists point out that if the world does not take effective and scientific measures to control Anthropogenic pollution In that case, it will not take a long time for the lakes, rivers and groundwater on the earth to escape from being polluted. Even the polar ice sources far away from the land will be doomed due to the worldwide water pollution and air pollution.

Vegetation reduction, drought and over exploitation not only cause a large number of reservoirs, rivers and lakes to dry up, but also cause groundwater resources A vicious circle is formed. Natural lakes in the world are disappearing and the number is decreasing; The gurgling rivers in the past have dried up, and the number of rivers and the mileage of drying up are increasing; Overexploitation causes serious imbalance of groundwater resources. In 1944, Japan was dry and had little rain. The amount of water stored in the reservoirs around the country was less than 35%, and the amount was only 1%. Some reservoirs had almost no water; Puerto Rico The water storage capacity of Kalayiso Reservoir, the main reservoir of; One third of the lakes and reservoirs in South Korea, an emerging industrial country, have completely dried up, seriously affecting economic development and people's domestic water 。 The United States, an industrial developed country, Mexico, Thailand and India, as well as some countries in North Africa and the Middle East, have suffered from surface water resources The overexploitation of groundwater resources has resulted in an extreme decline in groundwater resources. Some are difficult to exploit, some have reduced their water volume, and some even form a "funnel" that cannot be exploited, artificially causing a vicious cycle of groundwater resources.

Water and Politics

Announce

edit

About 260 different River system From time to time, conflicts across borders occur. Helsinki rules help to solve the water right between countries. However, some disputes are fierce or related to basic survival, triggering wars. In many cases, water disputes are only one of the reasons for increasing tensions.

The Tigris Euphrates River system is an example of the conflict among the countries along the river, Iran, Iraq and Syria Each claimed the right to use the river, but the total demand of the three countries exceeded the water volume of the river. In 1974, Iraq sent troops to the Syrian border and threatened to destroy the al Thawra dam on the Euphrates River in Syria.

In 1992, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia because the danube It is a rare case that disputes can be resolved by reason and law.

Other examples, such as South Korea/ North Korea , Israel/ Palestine Egypt/Ethiopia have all proved that negotiations are often difficult solutions.

Crisis ahead of time

Announce

edit

In 2006, the Sri Lanka International Water Resources Management Institute released a report at the beginning of the "World Water Week". After a detailed analysis of water resources in various countries, the researchers described a worrying situation to the public: so far, one third of the world's population has faced Water shortage This day is 20 years ahead of the predicted 2025. The poor people in Africa and Asia are the most threatened people in this water crisis. The researchers pointed out that in order to alleviate the serious water supply crisis, strengthening the use of rainwater is a key link. In Southeast Asia, grain production is likely to increase by two to three times. The report warns that change must begin now. Otherwise, by 2050, the amount of water needed to continue to feed the population on the earth will be twice that. By then, things will only get worse.

problem

Announce

edit

Shortage of fresh water resources

With the increase of population and per capita income, people's consumption of water resources has increased sharply

Large waste of fresh water resources

The waste of water resources, especially that of agribusiness, has obviously exhausted the global water resources. Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world's water consumption, but the efficiency of agricultural irrigation water is generally low. More than 60% of the water in many irrigation systems leaks and evaporates before irrigating crops, bringing soil salinization 。

Destruction of water circulation

As mentioned above, fresh water is a renewable resource, and its regeneration depends on the water cycle of the earth. With the development of industry and the increase of population, a large number of water bodies are polluted; In order to extract river water, many countries have built dams in the upper reaches of the river, which has changed the flow situation and seriously affected the water circulation and self purification.

water pollution

There are three main sources of water pollution: domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and surface runoff containing agricultural pollutants. In addition, solid waste leakage and atmospheric pollutant deposition also cause cross pollution to water bodies. Water pollution has greatly reduced the availability of fresh water and aggravated the shortage of fresh water resources.

Relevant countermeasures

Announce

edit

International consensus

Waste of water resources is an important reason for water crisis

Make scientific and rational use of water resources water saving Consensus has been reached among countries around the world. The governments of industrialized countries such as the United States, France, Japan, Canada, and Germany regard scientific and rational use of water resources as an important economic policy to promote the rational development and scientific management of water resources, advocate water conservation, and oppose waste. In developing countries, especially in some countries with water shortage, such as Mexico, India, Chile, Israel, Egypt, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Iraq and other countries, some water conservation measures have been taken, even including quantitative water allocation measures, and different water use standards for different industries, Try to reduce the pressure of water shortage on the government. In terms of water conservation and improvement of existing water sources, some countries have adopted specific policies and measures to reduce blindness and randomness in the use of water resources according to their respective situations. Japan's industry is very developed, but its water consumption is also large. Therefore, Japan has invested a lot of money in research on water conservation, with obvious results. For example, the industrial water reuse rate in Japan is as high as 73 1%, and the industrial water consumption also decreased by 30%. In some large steel plants, the waste water recovery rate is as high as 95%, greatly reducing the amount of new water that needs to be added every day. This alone saves a lot of fresh water for Japan, and also improves the economic benefits of enterprises. Japan Tokyo City The system of pricing according to pipe diameter, quantitative water supply, and charging for the excess part has not only stopped the blind use of water, but also facilitated management, improved work efficiency, and made full use of water resources. The industry and agriculture of the United States are very developed. Therefore, the successive governments of the United States have attached great importance to the management of water resources, scientifically using water resources, and promoting the development of the American economy. For example, the United States has integrated water resources with shipping, power generation, irrigation, drinking water, tourism, fish farming, land use, water and soil conservation, water quality improvement, etc. to make rational use of water resources. Tennessee River This is fully reflected in the comprehensive development and utilization of the project, which has produced multi-objective benefits. In the past, the United States used more water for agriculture. In view of this, the United States changed the traditional farmland ditch irrigation to the surge irrigation with high technical content and uniform water distribution. The improvement of this agricultural water conservancy technology has greatly saved water resources. In the past, the United States used to use a lot of industrial water with serious waste. In the 1960s, the United States attached great importance to the study of industrial water. The industrial water use in the United States dropped by 40% compared with the previous years, and the reuse rate of industrial water was more than 60%. Although this reuse rate was not as high as that in Japan, it was also a high proportion.

Common practice

Water pollution is also an important reason for the crisis of water resources

Managing water resources according to law is a common practice in some countries (regions). For example, in France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, the United States, Canada and other countries, in order to carry out reasonable development and utilization of water resources, in addition to formulating economic policies for water resources to promote the effective use and protection of water resources, they also carry out scientific management of water resources according to law, which has played a huge role in protecting water resources. For example, in order to strengthen the management of water resources, the United States has formulated a set of corresponding laws and regulations as the basis to clarify the rights, responsibilities and obligations, deal with the distribution of interests among the central, local and social groups, and make the management have laws to follow. The Tennessee Valley Management Act, passed as early as 1933, has detailed provisions on the use of water resources for power generation, the development of industry and agriculture, and afforestation. In the management of water resources, Canada has not only formulated relevant laws to manage water resources in accordance with the law, but also established an authority for water resources management, such as B C Hydropower Bureau, which is fully responsible for the development and management of water resources and represents the country in the rational use, planning, protection and development of water resources. What human society faces Water resources crisis It is a heavy burden for the survival and development of human society. For this reason, the world is actively looking for new water sources, making various attempts, and has achieved positive results.

The ice in Antarctica is about 13.5 million square kilometers, which is equivalent to the total flow of all rivers on the earth in 650 years. Antarctic continent 70% of the world's fresh water resources are concentrated in the ice layer. If all of them melt into water, they will be able to supply the world's population for tens of thousands of years. To this end, scientists in some countries are carrying out scientific planning for this grand project. Although this work is far away, it can bring hope to mankind after all. The ocean is rich in water. As long as it is refined, it can also benefit mankind. Some countries (regions) have invested a lot of money to build desalination plants, such as Middle East More than 1000 seawater desalination plants have been established, and nearly 8000 seawater desalination plants have been built around the world. Seawater desalination has become the main source of industrial water and domestic water in some countries. At the same time, some water conservancy experts are actively looking for Seabed fresh water Research and development work. stay Bahrain Islands People draw fresh water from the springs at the bottom of the sea; stay aegean sea , used in some countries reinforced concrete Dams will be built to develop fresh water from the seabed for farmland irrigation, industry and domestic use. Scientists are also trying to use diamond oil technology to develop fresh water on the seabed. It has become a reality to take water from the desert underground, and many countries have extracted happiness water for drinking from the deep desert. Scientists are still in the north of Africa Sahara Desert A large amount of fresh water is found in the deep layer of more than 1000 meters underground. It is no longer impossible to cut off the fog to get water. Some scientists put forward the method of cutting off the fog to get water according to the theory of water in the fog, and it has been used in practice, with good results. For example, a fog water treatment plant in Canada can supply more than 10000 liters of water per day on average, and more than 100000 liters per day in dense fog season. This technology is not only economical, but also low in technology content, which is easy to implement in some countries (regions).

In order to alleviate the contradiction of water use, some countries (regions) have also adjusted the distribution structure of water supply, industrial structure and groundwater exploitation; Development and utilization of urban sewage resources; Conducting anti-seepage works; A large number of people, money and things were invested to save the "dead river".

Water is Source of life , is the most precious resource, for which human society is making arduous efforts to maintain and cherish every drop of water.

World Water Day

Announce

edit

19th World Water Day Pay attention to the global water crisis

World Water Day: Cherish every drop of water

International Year of Sanitation Therefore, the theme of World Water Day is "Water related Sanitation"., Due to poor management, lack of resources, environmental change and insufficient investment in infrastructure, about 1.1 billion people worldwide cannot access safe drinking water and 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation facilities. At the same time, water pollution also further erodes a large number of available water resources and endangers human health.

Global crisis

Announce

edit

Ban Ki moon calls for action to address the global water crisis

Recently, the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki moon In his speech, he said that World Water Day coincides with the International Year of Sanitation, which urgently requires us to promote all parties to address the crisis that affects more than 1/3 of the earth's population^[2] take action.

Ban Ki moon said that every 20 seconds, a child dies from the poor health conditions faced by 2.6 billion people around the world. Poor sanitary conditions, coupled with the lack of safe drinking water and good health services, have resulted in a shocking number of deaths worldwide. Under such harsh conditions, it is difficult for the surviving people to have the opportunity to live a healthy and productive life.

Global water crisis, save water from me

The Secretary General of the United Nations appeals that although some progress has been made, this work has been hampered by a series of factors, including population growth, widespread poverty, and insufficient investment to solve this problem. The main culprit is the lack of political will. Countries should go beyond propaganda and actively promote all parties to take concrete actions to make people's lives significantly improved.

41 million people in North America drink "liquid medicine" every day

North America is rich in freshwater resources (accounting for about 13% of the world's freshwater resources), but sometimes it still feels the pressure of water shortage. Glaciers and snow fields, the main sources of water for the Canadian prairie, are shrinking. Some cities also have problems of water supply shortage and potential safety hazards of drinking water.

According to a water survey, 41 million people in the United States have drinking water containing a variety of drug ingredients, including antibiotics, antispasmodics, sedatives, etc. Although the content of drugs in drinking water is very small and will not damage health immediately, scientists worry that long-term intake of these drugs through drinking water may harm health.

South America has a quarter of the world's water resources

South America has a quarter of the world's water resources, while South America Its population only accounts for one sixth of the world's population. However, the forest area in South America has been shrinking, and the water resources have been seriously threatened. In addition, the economic development in South America has also increased the water consumption. Therefore, South America has never been at ease in protecting water sources.

100 million people in Europe lack safe drinking water

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe A few days ago, a communique said that more than 100 million people in Europe still lack safe drinking water, and Europe and other regions around the world must attach great importance to the water problem.

One third of Africa's population lacks drinking water

As a result of being global warming Africa's rivers are facing a great threat, which will lead to a quarter of the African continent will be in serious water shortage at the end of this century. The report found that the rivers of the African continent are highly sensitive to changes in rainfall. In West Africa, even a small drop in precipitation will reduce the flow of rivers by 80%, which will lead to what scientists call "water refugees".

One third of Africa's population lacks drinking water, while nearly half african Get sick from drinking unclean water. And the problem of water resources is likely to become the trigger for disputes or conflicts among some African countries. Many rural women and girls in sub Saharan Africa and other parts of the world have to walk several kilometers every day to find water. Because of this physical labor, these women and children have no chance to receive education and are busy with their families and livelihoods.

the Nile As the most important water resource in Egypt, water has carried too much burden for thousands of years. In order to ensure that the Egyptian people have access to "safe water", the government will treat industrial and domestic wastewater, and give priority to the implementation of projects to protect the environment of the main road of the Nile.

Oceania proposes that "environment is legal water user"

Even in the sparsely populated Australia, water is a scarce resource. Australia experienced a once-in-a-century drought in 2002, and the drought has eased since then, but since 2006, drought has returned. The Murray Darling basin is the most severely affected by the drought.

The analysis of climate change in Australia by top researchers shows that the reduction of rainfall is likely to be related to global warming. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the ecological environment, the government has taken measures to establish a comprehensive management system for water distribution and water rights, and clearly put forward a loud slogan "environment is a legitimate water user".

Ganges River in Asia ranks among the most polluted

To protect water resources is to protect human beings

Water pollution, flood and drought have become the three major water related disasters in South Asia. India's domestic water quality ranks third from the bottom among 122 countries assessed globally, with more than 2 million tons of industrial wastewater discharged directly into rivers every day. The use of contaminated groundwater by local residents for drinking and cooking has led to many health problems. Water pollution seriously affects people's health. Major rivers flowing through northern India—— Ganges It has been listed as one of the most polluted rivers in the world.

According to Reuters, Israel's drip irrigation water-saving technology has now made another breakthrough, realizing the use of ultraviolet light to purify water and the use of bacteria to treat organic sewage. 60% of Israel's land area is classified as arid area, and all water resources in Israel belong to the state. The Iraq war broke out Five years later, millions of people in Iraq lack clean drinking water.

Novice on the road

Growth task Getting Started with Editing Edit Rule Edit by myself

I have questions

Content query Online Service Official post bar Feedback

Complaints and suggestions

Report bad information Failed to appeal through entries Complaint of infringement information Blocking query and unblocking

Jinggong Network Anbei No. 1100000200001