DDVP, chemical name:O,O-Dimethyl-O-(2,2-dichloroethyl) phosphate, an organic compound, chemical formula CfourHsevenCltwoOfourP[7]It belongs to organophosphorus pesticide. Industrial products are colorless to light brown liquid with high volatility. The solubility in water at room temperature is 1%, and the solubility in kerosene is 2%~3%. It can be dissolved in organic solvents, easy to hydrolyze, and can decompose faster in alkali.
Appearance: The pure product is colorless to amber liquid, with slight fragrance.
Solubility: slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol and aromatics[3]
Preparation method
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1. Maggot eradication: add 500 parts of water to one part of stock solution (50% emulsion), spray it on the cesspit or sewage surface, and use 0.25~0.5mL of stock solution per square meter.
2. Derelicidation: spray the above diluent on the quilt and hold it for 2-3 hours.
3. Mosquito and fly control: 2mL of stock solution, add 200mL of water, pour it on the ground, close the window for 1 hour, or hang the stock solution with cloth strip in the room. Each house uses about 3-5 mL of stock solution, which can guarantee the effect for 3 to 7 days.
4. Anti bedbug: 1 part of stock solution, add 200mL of water to brush the gap.[1]
application area
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Prevention and control objects
It is effective for pests of chewing mouthpiece and piercing mouthpiece.It can be used for vegetables, fruit trees and a variety of farmland crops.
1. To control cabbage caterpillar, cabbage armyworm, cabbage leaf bee, vegetable aphid, cabbage borer and spodoptera litura, spray 80% emulsifiable concentrate 1500~2000 times.
2. To control Coccinella axyridis, Helicoverpa assulta, whitefly, cotton bollworm, diamondback moth, lampworm and noctuid moth, spray 80% emulsifiable concentrates with 1000 times liquid.
3. To control red spiders and aphids, spray with 1000~1500 times 50% emulsifiable concentrates.
4. To prevent and control the small field tiger, yellow croaker and yellow striped flea beetle, spray or irrigate the root with 800~1000 times 80% emulsifiable concentrate
5. To control greenhouse whitefly, spray 1000 times of 80% emulsifiable concentrate to prevent the first adults and nymphs. Spray one drink every 5-7 days for 2-3 consecutive times to control the damage.It can also be fumigated with dichlorvos. The method is: seal the protected area for fumigation before the end of work in the evening, and use 0.5 kg of 22% dichlorvos per mu.Or put sawdust in the flowerpot, sprinkle 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, and put a few red burning coal balls, 0.3~0.4 kg emulsifiable concentrate per mu.
6. To control the bean borer, spray 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times before 8 am when the petals open at the peak of cowpea flowering (when 2~3 flowers are relatively concentrated), and focus on spraying buds, flowers, young pods and fallen flowers for 2~3 consecutive times.
performance
Quick acting broad-spectrum phosphate insecticides and acaricides.Moderate toxicity to higher animals, strong volatility, easy to enter higher animals through the respiratory tract or skin.Toxic to fish and bees.It has strong fumigation, stomach toxicity and contact killing effects on pests and leaf mites.It has the characteristics of high efficiency, quick effect, short duration and no residue.
matters needing attention
It can be sprayed on pests and mites in the warehouse with high concentration liquid medicine mixed with emulsifiable concentrates, and then ventilated and diffused after being sealed for 3 to 4 days. The effect is better when the temperature is higher.Spraying the liquid medicine on the wall of the cotton warehouse for fumigation can prevent and control rice brown planthopper and cotton pink bollworm.Fumigation with poisonous soil or chaff in the field can prevent and control armyworm.Spraying liquid medicine can prevent and control hidden pests such as rice leaf roller.Dichlorvos can be rapidly decomposed after application, with short duration and no residue. It can be applied in a short period before crop harvest to prevent and control piercing mouthparts and chewing mouthparts pests, so it is suitable for fruit trees such as apples, pears, grapes, vegetables, mushrooms, tea trees, mulberry trees, and tobacco. Generally, the prohibition period before harvest is about 7 days.It is easy to cause drug damage to sorghum and corn, and is also sensitive to melons and beans. Attention should be paid when using it.
Calculate chemical data
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Reference value for drainage parameter calculation (XlogP): None
Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0
Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 4
Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 4
Number of tautomers: 0
Topological molecular polar surface area: 44.8[5]
Number of heavy atoms: 11
Surface charge: 0
Complexity: 181
Number of isotope atoms: 0
Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0
Number of uncertain atomic structure centers: 0
Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0
Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0
Number of covalent bond units: 1[3]
Molecular structure data
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Molar refractive index: 42.28[5]
Molar volume (cmthree/mol）：153.9[5]
Isotonic specific volume (90.2K): 382.6
Surface tension (dyne/cm): 38.1
Polarization (10-24cmthree）：16.76[3]
security information
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Safety terminology
S1/2：Keep locked up and out of reach of children.
Keep it locked and away from children.
S28：After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer).
After skin contact, immediately use a large amount of(designated by the manufacturer).
S36/37：Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
Wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves.
S45：In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the lable where possible).
In case of an accident or feeling unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).
S61：Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets.
To avoid release into the environment, refer to special instructions/safety receipt instructions.
Risk terminology
R24/25：Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R26：Very toxic by inhalation.
Very toxic by inhalation.
R43：May cause sensitization by skin contact.
Skin contact may cause irritation.
R50：Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Storage and transportation
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Operation management: closed operation, providing sufficient local ventilation.The operation shall be mechanized and automated as far as possible.Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating procedures.It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter gas masks (full face masks), rubber cloth gas jackets and rubber gloves.Keep away from kindling and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace.Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment.Prevent vapor leakage into the air of the workplace.Avoid contact with oxidants and alkalis.Load and unload gently during transportation to prevent damage to packaging and containers.Fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment of corresponding types and quantities shall be provided.Empty containers may leave harmful substances.
Storage management: stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse.Keep away from kindling and heat sources.Keep container sealed.It shall be stored separately from oxidants, alkalis and edible chemicals, and mixed storage is strictly prohibited.Equip with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment.The storage area shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate materials.
Transportation management: Before transportation, check whether the packaging container is complete and sealed. During transportation, ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or damage.It is strictly prohibited to mix with acids, oxidants, food and food additives.The transport vehicles shall be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment.During transportation, it shall be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature.Road transportation shall be carried out according to the specified route.
test method
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Test method: Grain shall be tested according to SN/T 2324 and GB/T 5009.20;Oil and grease shall be determined according to the method specified in SN/T 2324;Vegetables and fruits shall be determined according to the methods specified in NY/T 761, GB/T 19648 and GB/T 5009.20.[10]
toxicology data
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Dichlorvos is a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide.It has contact killing, stomach poisoning and fumigation effects.The contact killing effect is better than that of trichlorfon, and the knockdown force to pests is strong and fast.
Medium toxic insecticide.The crude drug is flammable and the emulsifiable concentrates are flammable.Technical drug oral LD in male ratsfifty：80mg/kg；Oral LD of female ratsfifty：56mg/kg；Transdermal LD in male ratsfifty：107mg/kg；Percutaneous LD in female ratsfifty：75mg/kg。The non effective dose of male rats was 1000 ppm.Green gill TLm (24 hours) 1mg/L, large sunfish 2 hours LCfifty：1ppm。80% DDVP can be taken orally, absorbed by skin or inhaled through respiratory tract.Oral poisoning has a short incubation period, rapid onset, and serious illness. Coma is common and can be killed within tens of minutes.The symptoms of digestive tract irritation were obvious in patients taking orally.
Toxicity: It belongs to medium toxicity.
Acute toxicity: LDfifty: 50 ～ 92mg/kg (mouse by mouth);50 ～ 110mg/kg (rat by mouth)
Subacute and chronic toxicity: when the oral dose of rabbits is more than 0.2mg (kg · day), chronic toxicity will be caused after 24 weeks, more than 1mg (kg · day), and the animal liver clouds will have serious lesions, and ChE will continue to decline.
Morphological changes of spermatozoa: 35mg/kg in mouse abdominal cavity, 5 days.
Reproductive toxicity: lowest oral toxic dose (TDLo) of rats: 39200μG/kg (14-21 days of pregnancy), causing biochemical and metabolic changes in newborn rats.
Carcinogenicity: lowest oral toxic dose (TDLo) of rats: 4120mg/kg, 2 years (continuous), carcinogenic, lung tumor, gastrointestinal tumor.TDLo: 20600mg/kg, 2 years (continuous), carcinogenic, gastrointestinal tumor.
The product is also easily absorbed through the skin, and the LD absorbed through the skinfifty75 ～ 107mg/kg.
The safe dose of no effect on people is 0.033mg/kg/day.
Special toxicity: gene mutation, mouse lymphocyte negative.
Metabolism and degradation: in the environment, the saturated aqueous solution of dichlorvos hydrolyzes at a rate of about 3% per day at room temperature to produce dimethylphosphoric acid and dichloroacetaldehyde, which hydrolyzes faster under alkaline conditions.
Residue and accumulation: dichlorvos is quite easy to decompose in the environment. At 30 ℃, 18 natural dichlorvos hydrolyze 50%.
Migration and transformation: Due to the high vapor pressure of dichlorvos, it is easy to enter the atmosphere.Dichlorvos migration and transformation are mainly through the atmosphere and water as the medium.
Poisoning symptoms
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1. The main reason is that dichlorvos is an organic phosphorus pesticide, which is widely used to kill crops and mosquitoes and flies at home.Poisoning due to inhalation or misuse is common.
2. The main symptoms are dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, drooling, narrowed pupils, blurred vision, excessive sweating, and dyspnea.In serious cases, the whole body feels tight, the chest feels compressed, the muscles beat, and the action is involuntary.The pronunciation is unclear, the pupil shrinks like the needle tip is big or unequal, twitching, foaming at the mouth, coma, incontinence in urine and urine, pulse and respiration slow down, and finally stop.
First aid measures
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Skin contact: immediately remove the patient from the site, take off the contaminated clothes, and thoroughly clean the contaminated parts of the whole body with soapy water or alkaline solution.
Eye contact: rinse with soda water or normal saline.
Ingestion: Take 1%~2% soda water or 0.2%~0.5% potassium permanganate solution for gastric lavage immediately, and take tablets to detoxify phosphorus (PAM) or 1~2 tablets of atropine.
Protective measures
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Respiratory system protection: It is recommended to wear a self-priming filter type gas mask (full face mask) during production operation or agricultural use.Self contained breathing apparatus must be worn in high concentration environment.
Eye protection: protection has been made in respiratory system protection.
Body protection: wear adhesive tape anti-virus clothing.
Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.
Other protection: smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at the work site.Clean thoroughly after work.Work clothes are not allowed to be taken to non work places.Store the clothes contaminated by poisons separately and use them after washing.Pay attention to personal hygiene.
Leakage emergency treatment
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Evacuate the personnel in the leakage contaminated area to a safe area quickly, isolate them, and strictly restrict access.Cut off the ignition source.It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure respirators and anti poison clothing.Do not touch the leakage directly.Cut off the leakage source as much as possible.Prevent from flowing into restricted spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches.
Small amount of leakage: absorb or absorb with sand or other incombustible materials.A large amount of water can also be used for flushing, and the diluted washing water will be discharged into the waste water system.
Large amount of leakage: build a dike or dig a pit to receive.Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster.Transfer to tank car or special collector with pump, and recycle or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.
Emergency medical treatment
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Diagnostic points
1. The incubation period is short, and the disease usually occurs within 10~30min after oral administration;Those who are poisoned by spraying usually get sick within 2 to 6 hours.
2. It has a series of manifestations of hyperactivity of cholinergic nerve.
3. A few patients developed delayed peripheral neuropathy 2-3 weeks after poisoning.
4. A few patients have intermediate myasthenia syndrome in the course of disease.
5. After oral administration, the symptoms of digestive tract irritation are obvious, which can cause damage to gastric mucosa, and even cause gastric bleeding or perforation.
6. Contact dermatitis caused by dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrates is more common, which is often contaminated by spraying or directly sprinkling dichlorvos on bedding and clothes for the purpose of killing lice. After 30 min to several hours of contact, the skin becomes itchy or burning, and the skin is flushed, swollen, blistered, and locally accompanied by muscle tremor.
7. The activity of blood cholinesterase decreased and the reactivation was slow.
Handling principles
1. The skin polluter should clean the hair and nails thoroughly and repeatedly with soapy water as soon as possible.
2. Oral poisoning requires prompt emesis and gastric lavage.Because dichlorvos has a strong stimulation effect on the gastric mucosa, be careful and gentle during gastric lavage to prevent gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding or gastric perforation.
3. The therapeutic effect of oxime type reactivators is not ideal. Atropine type drugs are mainly used for treatment, and atropinization should be achieved as soon as possible. Patients with oral poisoning and productive poisoning should use large amounts of drugs.
4. In order to prevent the recurrence of the disease, atropine should not be stopped too early or too soon. During the treatment, closely observe the condition, especially the state of consciousness, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pupil, sweating, and lung conditions, and pay attention to heart monitoring.
first-aid measures
The method is mostly the same as the first aid for organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, and only some special precautions are introduced.
1. After taking dichlorvos, the stomach should be thoroughly washed immediately. Those who are conscious should take 400~500mL of clear water or 2% baking soda water orally, and then use chopsticks to stimulate the throat to make them vomit. Repeat several times until the washed liquid is invincible.
2. People with dyspnea take oxygen, a large number of sweaters drink light salt water, and 10mg diazepam can be injected intramuscularly for muscle twitching.Timely clean the oral and nasal secretions to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
3. Atropine, 0.5~1mg/time for mild cases, once every 30 minutes to 2 hours;In moderate cases, subcutaneous injection of 1~2mg/time, once every 15~60 minutes;In severe cases, intravenous injection of 2~5mg is given immediately, and then 1~2mg is given every time, once every 15~30 minutes. The dosage can be gradually reduced and the interval of medication can be prolonged when the condition improves.Chlorpodine combined with atropine has synergistic effect and can reduce the dosage of atropine.
preventive measure
It should be noted that the product is easy to evaporate and enter through the skin. In production, it should be airtight and well ventilated.When using in agriculture, pay attention to personal protection, especially when fumigating in the granary, pay attention to respiratory protection.According to the survey, 150 g/m is stacked in the granary³The concentration of this product in the air of the warehouse will reach 0.5~23.2 mg/m after 1 hour³，At this concentration, the ChE activity can be significantly changed after the staff enters the warehouse and works for half an hour.If you wear a sandwich gauze mask, there is a 5%~10% alkaline liquid wetting layer in the middle, which can play a certain protective role.If using spray method, pay attention to skin protection.When using dichlorvos to control pests, attention should be paid to the appropriate amount, not excessive;After the house is closed and exterminated, people must be fully ventilated before entering;Attention should also be paid to the storage of the product, especially to prevent children from touching it.When the product is used for indoor continuous mosquito and fly control, the use method should be improved and the dosage should be controlled to keep the product in the air within a safe concentration.
Leakage emergency treatment
Evacuate the personnel in the leakage pollution area to the safety area quickly, and strictly restrict access.Cut off the ignition source.Wear anti poison and.Cut off the leakage source.Use sand or other incombustible materials to absorb or absorb small amount of leakage.It can also be washed with a large amount of water, and the diluted washing water will be discharged into the waste water system.Large amount of leakage: build a dike or dig a pit to receive.Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster.Transfer to tank car or special collector with pump, and recycle or transport to waste disposal site for disposal.[2]
Environmental standards
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The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air of workshops in China (TJ36-79): 0.3mg/mthree(leather);
The maximum allowable concentration of ambient air in the former Soviet Union (1978): 0.007mg/mthree；
China (GB3838-2002) surface water environmental quality standard allowable concentration: 0.05mg/L;
United Nations Programme (1974) Maximum allowable concentration of pesticides in fresh water for protection of aquatic organisms: 0.001μg/L；
Chinese (GB5127-85) allowable standard for organophosphorus pesticides in food: 0.2mg/kg (vegetables, fruits);
The allowable concentration of Chinese (GB5749-2006) sanitary standard for drinking water is 0.001mg/L.
