synonymCardiovascular disease(Cardiovascular disease) generally refers to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (disease name)
heartCerebrovascular diseaseCardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseasesHyperlipidemia, blood is viscousatherosclerosis、hypertensionHeart, brain and whole body caused byHistogenesisOfischemia Sex orHemorrhagic disease。Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is a common disease that seriously threatens the health of human beings, especially the middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years oldPrevalence, high disability rate and highmortalityEven with the application of the most advanced and perfect treatment methods, more than 50% of the survivors of cerebrovascular accidents can not take care of themselves completely. The number of people who die of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases every year in the world is up to 15 million, ranking first in various causes of death.
TCM disease name
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Visiting department
Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department
Multiple population
People over 50 years old, arteriosclerosis
Common causes
Atherosclerosis, hypertension and other hemodynamic factors, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and other hemorheological abnormalities, etc
common symptom
Palpitation, chest pain, headache, vomiting, hemiplegia of half limbs, etc
Cardio cerebrovascular disease is the manifestation of systemic vascular disease or systemic vascular disease in the heart and brain.There are four main causes: ① atherosclerosishypertensionnatureArteriolar sclerosis、ArteritisVascular factors; ②Hypertension, etcHemodynamicsFactors; ③Hyperlipidemia、diabetesAnd other hemorheological abnormalities; ④leukemia、anemia、ThrombocytosisAnd other blood composition factors.Relevant risk factors include the following aspects:
The pace of modern life is tense, the pressure of family and career is increasing, and people's emotions are becoming more and more unstable;At the same time, excessive drinking, too much food fat, lack of necessary exercise, andenvironmentAir pollutionanionThe content drops sharply, and the intake of negative ions in the body is also insufficient. These factors directly lead to the slow metabolism of the human body and the slow blood flow,viscosity of bloodRapid rise, resulting inInsufficient blood supply to heart and brain, if it is not prevented and regulated in time, it will causecoronary heart disease, hypertensioncerebral thrombosisAnd other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
3. Smoking
Smokers have a much higher incidence than non-smokers. Among those who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day, the incidence of coronary heart disease is 3.5 times that of non-smokersCerebral vascular diseaseOfmortality6 times that of non-smokers,Subarachnoid hemorrhage3~5.7 times more.Among the risk factors of cerebral infarction, smoking is the first.nicotineIt can promoteadrenalineThe increase of the content will promote platelet aggregation and endothelial cell contraction, and cause the increase of blood viscosity factors.
Vascular tissueLike other tissues of the human body, metabolism is completed in a certain period.In the process of metabolism of smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall, if new cell tissues cannot be formed normally, which makes the vascular wall itself "defective", it is easy to make the blood vessels not smooth, just like a dilapidated old pipe, which may be blocked or broken at any time.Blood vessels are important channels for blood circulation, and are also dominated by the nervous system, so abnormal nervous system can also lead to blood supply disorder.Therefore, the causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are various.
Alcohol intake forHemorrhagic strokeThere is a direct doserelevance。People who consume more than 50 grams of alcohol per day have an increased risk of heart and brain infarction.Long term heavy drinking can increase blood platelets, which will lead to poor blood flow regulationArrhythmia, hypertensionHyperlipidemia, making cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases more likely to occur.A small amount of alcohol is beneficial, while a large amount of alcohol is harmful.
For example, obesity, insulin resistance, age growth, gender (male incidence is higher than female), race, heredity, etc. are all risk factors related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Cardio cerebrovascularPatients should exercise properly,Amount of exerciseThe decrease will also cause slow blood flow and elevated blood lipids.Reasonable arrangementExercise timeAnd control the amount of exercise.In winter, you should wait for the sun to rise before exercising. At this time, the temperature rises again, which can prevent the body from suddenly suffering from cold stimulation.
3. Control risk factors
Strictly control blood pressure to an ideal level, take effective lipid regulating drugs, control diabetes, and improveinsulin resistance And abnormal metabolism, quit smoking.
According to different cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, targeted therapeutic drugs are given to alleviate symptoms, improve prognosis and preventcomplication。
Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases includesPrimary preventionandSecondary prevention, primary prevention refers to prevention before the onset of disease, that is, prevention without disease;Secondary prevention is to reduce the risk of reoccurrence and reduce the disability rate, that is, to prevent reoccurrence after illness.
1. Prevention of embolism
Blood vessels, especiallycoronary arteryIn cold winter, it is easy to contract and spasm, which may lead to insufficient blood supply, and may lead to embolism. Pay attention to keeping warm.High risk patients can take effective antithrombotic treatment for a long time under the guidance of doctorsaspirinEtc.
2. Problems that patients should pay attention to during morning exercise
When sleeping, the human bodynervous systembe inSuppression state, lack of vitality, sudden exercise in the morning, nerveExcitabilitySudden increase can easily induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which should be noticed in winter.
3. Change the bad lifestyle
Bad lifestyleIt is an important factor leading to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and directly affects the rehabilitation andprognosis。Control the total amount of food and drink, adjustdietary structure；Persist in sports, step by step, act according to your ability, and persevere;Quit smoking and drink less, work and rest together;Reduce the intake of sodium salt, and control the daily salt within 5g;increasesylviteIntake, daily potassium salt ≥ 4.7g.
5. Controlling blood pressure and blood lipids is the key
(1) Blood pressure controlControlling blood pressure in an ideal range is the most important thing to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.According to the data, those who insist on long-term treatmentHypertensive patientsThe incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is only 1/10 of those who do not insist on treatment, that is to say, as long as blood pressure is controlled for a long time, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can be reduced by 90%.
(2) Lipid controlIf there is too much blood fat, it is easy to cause“Blood thickened”It deposits on the blood vessel wall and gradually forms small plaques, which is often saidatherosclerosis, causing various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The common blood lipid control is to take lipid regulating drugs: includingstatin Class,fibrates ，nicotinic acidEtc.DyslipidemiaIt is independent of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseasesRisk factorsControl of blood lipids has also become the top priority of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
6. Moderate supplement
The folk in our country have a habit of making up in winter. There is little exercise in winter, plus a lot of making upHot foodIt is easy to increase blood lipids and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so winter tonic must be carried out according to individual constitution.
