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Frank Drake

American astronomers and astrophysicists

synonym Frank Drake (Founder and astronomer of American Search for Extraterrestrial Civilization) Generally refers to Frank Drake

Frank Donald Drake (born on May 28, 1930) is an American astronomer And Astrophysics Home to create search Extraterrestrial civilization Plan（ SETI ）And propose Drake formula And famous.^{[1 ]}

Chinese name: Frank Drake
Foreign name: Frank Donald Drake
Nationality: U.S.A

date of birth: May 28, 1930
University one is graduated from: Harvard University
Occupation: celestial bodies physical scientist
one's native heath: U.S.A Chicago

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Frank Drake

Frank Donald Drake, male, born in the United States on May 28, 1930 Chicago , Yes U.S.A Of astronomer And Astrophysicist , because of the creation of the search for extraterrestrial civilization program and the invention of Drake's equation and Arecibo Message And famous all over the world. Frank Drake is U.S.A Members of the National Academy of Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Honorary professor of Pacific Astronomical Society President of.

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Frank Drake in his early years electronics and Chemistry Has a strong interest. At the age of 8, he thought that there might be living things on other planets. Although based on his religious belief, he did not tell his parents about his idea.

Drake later Cornell University Study at 1951 Temporal cause Otto Struve (Otto Struve) strengthened his interest in the topic of extraterrestrial life. After graduating from college, Drake briefly served as a telecommunications officer on the heavy cruiser Albany. Later, he continued to study radio astronomy at Harvard University. Astronomical research

Frank Drake

Drake is subordinate to West Virginia Greenbank U.S.A The National Radio Astronomy Observatory started his radio astronomy student career and later joined Jet Propulsion Laboratory 。

Drake later 1960 It is the first time to use radio to search for extraterrestrial life. This plan is called the Ozma Plan. Although after several years of efforts, we have not found any information that may be sent by extraterrestrial life. Nevertheless, Drake still believes that "contact" with extraterrestrial life is inevitable in the near future, and is transmitted by radio or optical signals.

1961 He held the first meeting in West Virginia to search for extraterrestrial civilization. In this small meeting, Drake proposed the famous Drake equation 。 Drake equation is used to calculate the number (N) of highly intelligent civilizations that may contact the earth, and point out the information that is lacking in the search for extraterrestrial life. Depending on the variable, the value of M is between 1 and 1000000.

Drake was the initiator of the expansion plan of Arecibo Observatory in the 1960s, and later he 1974 Create famous Arecibo Message 。 Frank Drake And Carl Sagang In 1972, doctors jointly designed the gold plated aluminum plate of Pioneer, which was the first time that humans sent physical information into outer space. The gold plated aluminum plate of Pioneer is a medium for aliens to understand us. Drake was also responsible for supervising the production of navigator's gold record, and 1974 Become a member of the American Academy of Arts&Sciences.

Drake equation

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Drake equation

Drake equation, also known as Sagan equation, Green Bank equation or Green Bank equation, is a formula proposed by astronomer Frank Drake in the 1960s to speculate on "the number of high intelligent civilizations in and outside the galaxy that may contact humans".

There is a famous formula about whether aliens exist. This formula is called Drake equation, and later called "Green Bank Formula". It is composed of U.S.A It was proposed by astrophysicist Frank Drake in Green Bank Town, hence its name.

Using this formula, we can estimate how many planets in the Milky Way are inhabited by intelligent life bodies like us. This formula actually multiplies and quadratures the following seven elements.

Drake equation

The number of stars born in the Milky Way every year:

The probability that the star has planets;

The number of planets with life birth conditions;

The probability of the birth of life;

The probability of the life evolving into intelligent life;

The probability of having the technology to communicate with other planets;

The time when the technological civilization can exist.

However, there is no specific value for each element at present. The results will vary greatly depending on the values substituted.

Calculate the probability of meeting aliens

If Galaxy There are 100 billion planets in China, of which 1/1000 have the conditions for the birth of life. However, only 1/100 of these planets actually gave birth to life. So there are about one million planets living in the Milky Way.

However, even though the life forms on these 1 million planets have evolved into advanced life forms such as our human beings, and have mastered the technology of communication with other planets, we and alien The probability of meeting is still very low.

Although we have little chance to meet aliens universe There is a high probability that there are intelligent creatures like humans somewhere in the world.

In terms of probability Galaxy There are 1 million planets with intelligent life bodies like us. Even if these 1 million planets are evenly distributed in the Milky Way, the nearest one is 500 from the Earth Light year 。 That is to say, traveling at the speed of light, it will take 500 years from the Earth to reach the planet. In addition, there are differences in the time of life in addition to the obstacles in distance.

The so-called difference in time of existence refers to the time difference between intelligent life forms on other planets and our human beings in mastering highly developed technology. What's more, we humans do not know how to maintain the existing technology and civilization forever.

Looking at the 15 billion years since the birth of the universe, the emergence of human beings is only a matter of recent millions of years, and it is only a matter of recent hundreds of years for human beings to master highly developed technology. In the long history of the universe, this is no different from a flash of stars. Even if there are intelligent life forms on other planets, they may have been extinct before the birth of human beings, or they will be born after the extinction of human beings.

The probability of intelligent life with highly developed technology in the same period is very low, while the probability of developing to highly developed technology in different periods is relatively high. Even if very coincidentally, we humans and some intelligent life on other planets have mastered highly developed technology at the same time, but it will also be difficult to meet due to the obstacles in distance. If one day we really received a message from aliens, it was also sent by them 500 years ago. If we reply, we can only wait 500 years to reach the planet where aliens live.

Now, all countries in the world are trying to catch the radio waves sent by aliens. But unfortunately, so far, there has been no report of catching alien radio waves.

Even if we are lucky enough to capture the information sent by aliens and prove their existence, it is still difficult to meet them due to the obstacles of space and time. At present, we humans have not mastered the technology to span time and 500 light years. Of course, if aliens have mastered this technology, it is another matter.

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