Base station is publicmobile communicationThe base station is a mobile device accessinternetOfInterface equipmentIs also a form of radio station, which means that in a certain radio coverage area, through the mobile communication switching centerMobile phone terminalA radio transmitting and receiving station that transmits information between.The construction of mobile communication base stations is an important part of the investment of mobile communication operators,Mobile communication base stationThe construction of is generally carried out around such elements as coverage, call quality, investment efficiency, construction difficulty and maintenance convenience.along withMobile communication networkThe business is developing towards the direction of data and packet, and the development trend of mobile communication base stations is also bound to be broadband, large coverage construction and IP.[1]
By the end of 2023, the total number of mobile communication base stations in China will reach 11.62 million, including 6.29 million 4G base stations and 3.38 million 5G base stations, accounting for 29.1% of the total number of mobile base stations, 7.8 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year。[19-20]
Base station is publicMobile communication base stationIt is a form of radio station, which refers to the communication between mobile communication exchange center andMobile phone terminalA radio transmitting and receiving station that transmits information between.To put it simply, the base station is used to ensure that the mobile phone can keep a signal at any time and anywhere during the mobile process, which can meet the needs of calling, receiving and sending information.The equipment with mobile signs on the sharp and high iron tower we see everyday is the base station.The base station transmits and receives messages through the antenna.
working principle
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The main function of the base station is to provide wireless coverage, that is, to realize wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal.See the figure "Location of Base Station in Communication Network" for details.
Location of base station in communication network
The forward signal transmission process is as follows:
1. The control signaling, voice call or data service information on the core network side is sent to the base station through the transmission network (at2G、3GIn the network, the signal is transmitted to the base station controller first, and then to the base station.
2. The signal passes through baseband andradio frequencyAnd then send it to the antenna through the RF feeder for transmission.
3. The terminal receives the signal transmitted by the antenna through the wireless channelradio waves, and then demodulate the own signal.
The reverse signal transmission process is opposite to the forward process, but the principle is similar.
Each base station can contain one or more antennas according to the connected antennasa sector。The coverage of the base station sector can reach hundreds to tens of kilometers.However, in areas with dense users, the coverage is usually controlled to avoid interference to adjacent BTSs.
The baseband and RF processing capability of the base station determines that the physical structure of the base station is composed of baseband module and RF module.The baseband module is mainly used for baseband modulation and demodulation, radio resource allocation, call processing, power control and soft handover.The RF module is mainly used to complete the conversion between the air RF channel and the baseband digital channel, as well as the amplification, transceiver and other functions of the RF channel.
Composition
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infrastructure
The communication base station isMobile communication networkThe most critical infrastructure in.The mobile communication base station has machine room, wire, tower mast and other structural parts, of which the base station room is mainly equipped with signal transceiver, monitoring device, fire extinguishing device, power supply equipment and air conditioning equipment, as well as tower structure including lightning protection and grounding system, tower body, foundation, support, cable and auxiliary facilities.According to the shape, tower masts can be divided into angle steel towers, single tube towers, top poles, cable towers and other different forms.The antenna is an antenna frame,feedThe three-layer structure of the system and the wireless reflector has two different application scenarios, indoor and outdoor.According to different transmission directions, the antenna can also be divided into directional and omnidirectional.[2]
The selection of a base station should be considered comprehensively in terms of performance, matching, compatibility, use requirements, etc. Especially, the base station equipment must be compatible withMobile switching centerCompatible or matched, so as to achieve better communication effect.The base station subsystem mainly includes two types of equipment:BTSandBase station controller(BSC)。
Base station location selection
The location of the base station must first consider the communication environment around the communication base station, and comprehensively consider the base station density, signals, traffic volume, site conditions and other factors, so as to avoid strongelectromagnetic interference , pulse interference area and a large number of combustibles and explosive products business, near the warehouse.In addition, the communication base station should be built in an open field of vision, and there should be no tall buildings around to prevent the signal transmission of the communication base station from being affected.In the process of base station communication construction, the construction of machine room, equipment installation and tower construction are all mechanical structures.The construction machinery and technology level are very high.Before construction, the geographical characteristics of the construction area shall be investigated to make full use of favorable terrain conditions for construction and maintenance.[2]
Tower selection
The selection of tower must first consider the geological conditions of the construction area, scientifically build the pile foundation, and select the appropriate tower type on this basis.Before the design and implementation of communication base station tower selection, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey of the geological conditions in the construction area to understand the geological conditions and possible geological risks in the construction area.On this basis, a series of effective methods are given.Response measures: select the appropriate tower type, comprehensively check the economic, technical and safety indicators, and select the appropriate tower type.For pile foundation communication base station, the selection of tower must first consider the performance, crack resistance and settlement of the pile, and analyze and verify these performance indicators.The whole load of the communication tower is basically directly applied to the foundation.In order to improve the stability of the tower, special attention must be paid to the foundation construction.There are three different forms of tower foundation construction: spread foundation, single pile foundation and pile group foundation.If necessary, tie beam andFoundation boltAnd resist the liquefaction treatment of the foundation to further improve the bearing capacity of the foundation.[2]
Transceiver
People often see high on the roofantenna, isBase transceiverPart of.A complete BTS transceiver includes wireless transmitting/receiving equipment, antenna and signal processing parts unique to all wireless interfaces.The BTS transceiver can be regarded as a wirelessModem, responsible for receiving and transmitting mobile signals.Generally, in a certain area, multiple sub base stations and transceivers form a cellular network, which is achieved by controlling the signal transmission and reception between transceivers and transceiversmobile communicationThe transmission of signals in this area is often referred to as network coverage.If there is no transceiver, it is impossible to complete the transmission and reception of mobile phone signals.The area that the BTS transceiver cannot cover is also the blind area of mobile phone signals.Therefore, the range of signals transmitted and received by the BTS transceiver is directly related to the quality of network signals and whether the mobile phone can be used normally in this area.[3]
Under the control of the base station controller, the base station transceiver completes the conversion between the control of the base station and the wireless channel, and realizes the wireless transmission and related control functions between the transceiver of mobile communication signals and the mobile platform through the air.The transceiver can decode and transmit the wireless signal of each user.
The antenna used by the base station is divided into transmitting antenna and receiving antenna, and can be omnidirectional or directional. Generally, there are three configurations: omnidirectional transmitting and omnidirectional receiving;Sending omnidirectional and receiving directional mode;Sending direction and receiving direction.Literally, we can understand the difference of each way, sending omnidirectional signals is mainly responsible for omnidirectional signal transmission;The omnidirectional reception is naturally a directional reception signal;Directional means to send and receive only from a fixed angle.In general, BTSs with fewer channels (such as those located in suburbs) often use omnidirectional sending and receiving, while BTSs with more channels use omnidirectional sending and receiving, and the establishment of BTSs is more intensive than those in suburbs.
Since the signal may be weak when transmitted to the base station, and there is some signal interference, it needs to pass through the preselector.
Module filtering and amplification, double frequency conversion, amplification and frequency discrimination processing.The input high-frequency signal is amplified and sent to the first frequency converter. The frequency of the first local oscillation signal provided by the frequency converter is 766.9125-791.8875MHz. After downconversion, the first 123.1MHz oscillation signal is generatedintermediate frequencySignal.The first IF signal is amplifiedwave filtering、mixing Then, the second IF signal (21.3875MHz) is generated and sent to the IF integrated block after amplification and filtering.By IF integrated block (including the second IFsignal amplifier、limiterandFrequency discriminator）The generated audio output signal and received signal strength indication signal (RSSI) are sent to the audio/control board. In the audio signal control board, the diversity switch continuously compares odd and even signals, selects the stronger signal, and transmits it to the mobile control center through the audio circuit.
The working principle of the base station transmitter is:frequencyThe carrier frequency signal with the frequency of 766.9125-791.8875MHz and the modulated signal with the frequency of 168.1MHz provided by the synthesizer are filtered into double balance respectivelyFrequency converter, and the RF signal with the frequency of 935.0125-959.9875MHz is obtained. The RF signal is filtered and amplified to enter the drive stage,driveThe output power of the stage is about 2.4W, and then added topower amplifiermodular.Power control circuitThe negative feedback technology is used to automatically adjust the output power of the front drive stage or the drive stage to keep the output power of the drive stage at the rated value.That is, the received signal is stabilized and then sent out, which can effectively reduce or avoid the loss of communication signal in wireless transmission and ensure the communication quality of users.The function of the power amplifier module is to amplify the signal to 10W, but this also depends on the actual situation. If the cellTransmit signalFor larger radius, 25W or 40W power amplifier module can also be used to enhance the signal transmission radius.
controller
Base station controller includes wireless receiverTransmitter, antenna and relevant signal processing circuits are the control part of the base station subsystem.It mainly includes four components: cell controller (CSC)Voice channel controller(VCC)、Signaling channel controller(SCC) and for expansionMulti terminal interface(EMPI)。A BTS controller usually controls several BTS transceiversMobile stationThe BTS controller is responsible for all remote commandsmobile communicationInterface management mainly refers to the allocation, release and management of wireless channels.When you use the mobile phone, it is responsible for opening a signal channel for you. When the call ends, it closes the channel for others to use.In addition, it also controls the handover of mobile stations in the control area.For example, when you step into the signal receiving and transmitting range of another base station while using the mobile phone, the controller is responsible for switching between the other base stations and maintaining the connection with the mobile switching center all the time.
The GSM system adopts the handover mode when it crosses the cell boundary. That is, when the user reaches the cell boundary, the mobile phone will first cut off contact with the original BTS, and then establish contact with the BTS of the new service cell. When the new service cell is busy, the call channel cannot be provided, and then the line will be dropped.Therefore, when using mobile phones to make calls, users should try their best to avoidblind areaUse to reduce the probability of dropped calls.
controllerThe core ofCommon Processor(CPR)。The common processor controls and manages the internal modules of the controller, and is connected to the operation and maintenance center (OMC) through the X.25 communication protocol.The switching network will complete 64kbit/s data between interfaces/Voice traffic channelInternal exchange of.Controller via interface deviceDigital relayDTC is connected to mobile switching center through interface equipmentTerminal controller(TCU) is connected with the transceiver to form a simple communication network.
ThroughoutCellular mobile communication systemThe base station subsystem is the bridge between the mobile station and the mobile center, and its position is extremely important.The number of BTSs in the entire coverage area, and the number of BTSs in theCellular cellThe communication quality of the entire cellular system is determined by such factors as the location of the cell phone and the working performance of the relevant components in the base station subsystem.The selection and construction of base stations have become a modern way of buildingmobile communicationAn important part of the network.
5G base station
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5G base station architecture
In order to support multiple service applications such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra high reliability and low latency (uRLLC), large-scale machine communication (mMTC), 5G network will introduce new NR air ports and new network architecture to improve peak rate, delay, capacity, etcNetwork performance indicatorsAnd has greater networking flexibility and scalability to meet diversified business needs.[4]
At present, the 3GPP R15 standard has defined the overall architecture of the 5G wireless network,5GWireless access network(NG-RAN) consists of multiple 5G base stations (gNB).The gNB provides the UE with the termination of the NR air port protocol, and connects to the 5G core network (5GC) network elements such as AMF/UPF through the NG interface. The gNBs are connected to each other through the Xn interface.[4]
Logical architecture of 5G base station
The 5G base station is mainly used to provide the 5G air port protocol function, which supportsUECommunication between core networks.According to the logical function, the 5G base station can be divided into 5G baseband unit and 5G RF unitCPRIOr eCPRI interface connection.[4]
The 5G baseband unit is responsible for NR baseband protocol processing, including the entire user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) protocol processing functions, and provides the return interface (NG interface) with the core network and the interconnection interface (Xn interface) between base stations.[4]
The 5G RF unit mainly completes the conversion of NR baseband signal and RF signal, as well as the receiving and transmitting processing function of NR RF signal.In the downlink direction, receive thebaseband signal , after up conversionDigital to analog conversionAnd RF modulation, filtering, signal amplification and other transmission links (TX) are processed and transmitted through switches and antenna units.In the uplink direction, the 5G RF unit receives the uplink RF signal through the antenna unit, which is processed by the receiving link (RX) such as low noise amplifier, filtering, demodulation, etcAnalog-to-digital conversion, down conversion, converting to baseband signal and sending to 5G baseband unit.[4]
5G base station equipment system
From the perspective of equipment architecture, 5G BTSs can be divided into different architectures, such as BBU-AAU, CU-DU-AAU, BBU-RRU Antenna, CU-DU-RRU Antenna, and integrated gNB.In the BBU-AAU architecture, the baseband unit is mapped to a separate physical deviceBBUThe AAU integrates the RF unit and antenna unit. If the eCPRI interface is used, the AAU also contains partsphysical layerThe underlying processing function.In the CU-DU-AAU architecture, baseband functions are distributed to two physical devices, CU and DU, which together form a 5G baseband unit. The F1 interface between CU and DU is the intermediate transmission interface.[4]In the BBURRU Antenna architecture,RRUThe function is the same as that of the AAU, but the difference is that the RRU does not have a built-in antenna unit and requires external antennas. It is mainly used in suburban areas and other low capacity needs or indoor coverage scenarios.The integrated gNB architecture integrates 5G baseband unit, RF unit and antenna unit. It is a highly integrated and compact equipment, which can be used in special scenes such as local area blinding or indoor coverage.[4]
From the perspective of equipment form, 5G base stations can be divided into baseband equipment, RF equipment, integrated gNB equipment and other forms of equipment.Among them, 5G baseband equipment includes BBU, CU and DU physical equipment of different types, and 5G RF equipment includes AAU and RRU equipment.[4]
Antenna measurement technology
Most LTE 4G antennas are passive antenna arrays, and RF analog phase-shifting is often used to adjust the antenna tilt angle.And 5G MassiveMIMOThe antenna is an active antenna integrated with the transceiver channel and antenna array, and the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna unit is completed by the digital baseband part.The test methods and indicators of the original passive antenna cannot meet the requirements of 5G antenna.5G antenna should introduce some new test indexes to reflect the design advantages and disadvantages of active antenna system.[5]
Passive test index
GainPatternThe measurement of passive parameters such as antenna can still be carried out using the previous test methods.[5]
Active downlink indicator
Equivalent omnidirectional radiated power(Effective Isotopic Radiated Power, EIRP) isRadio transmitterThe product of the power supplied to the antenna and the absolute gain of the antenna in a given direction.Ideal for having the same unit gain in all directionsOmnidirectional antenna, which is usually used as the reference antenna of the wireless communication system.[5]
Active uplink indicator
Equivalent omnidirectional sensitivity (EIS): when the signal comes from a certain direction, the receiver can meet the requirements of electromagnetic waves received normallypower density Times the spherical area;For an antenna with G gain, EIS is equal to the sensitivity of receiving an amplifier with G gain added with an ideal omnidirectional antenna.[5]
In band blocking index
Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS): It considers the receiver's receiving ability when there are large interference signals in the receiving band.This index is mainly guaranteed by the upstream channel shaping filter, the linear range of the receiving channel gain, and the AGC function.[5]
Co location test
At present, in order to reduce the operating cost, many base stations in different systems are co located, that is, the base stations in different systems share the same ceiling or even the same pole.The purpose of co address test is to judge the interference degree between base station antennas of different systems when they share the sky surface or even the derrick. It mainly tests blocking interference and stray interference.Blocking interference refers to the strong interference signals from other systems near the receiving frequency band and in the high-frequency loop band when the system receives signals, which exceed the linear range of the receiver, resulting inReceiverUnable to work due to saturation;spurious emission It means that the out of band signal of the interference source appears adjacent to the system in the form of noise due to the poor filtering characteristics of the interference source (other systems)Frequency bandThe base noise of the base station of the system is raised,Receiver sensitivityLower, and the uplink performance becomes worse.[5]
OTA test field analysis
The station types of 1-H, 1-O and 2-O defined in the 5G standard specify the corresponding OTA (over the air) RF test items.Especially for the 1-O and 2-O station types, there is no traditional antenna interface for conducting testRF testAll items need to be tested in OTA environment. The test items include transmission power, modulation quality, occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel leakage power ratio, spurious, intermodulation, sensitivity, blocking, etc.So forOTA testThe full anechoic chamber such as far field, compact field, middle field, small field with plane wave generator and so on has become a necessary environmental choice.3GPPThe standard suggests four options: far field, compact field, one-dimensional compact field and near field, and gives theMU(Measurement Uncertainty) and relevant test item calibration and test method recommendations.For one-dimensional compact range, there are already institutions that have developed it based on similar principlesplane waveThe generator has also carried out a lot of system testing and verification work.[6]
Base station scale
By the end of March 2021, China has built 819000 5G base stations, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total.With the "blessing" of 5G network, more applications in shopping, manufacturing, medical and other industries are being enriched and improved.[9]
On July 13, 2021, the China Internet Association released the China Internet Development Report (2021), which shows that the total number of mobile communication base stations in China will reach 9.31 million in 2020.[10]
By August 2021, China has built 1.037 million 5G base stations in total, and the world's largest 5G network has been built, covering all prefecture level cities in China, as well as more than 95% of county towns and 35% of towns.[12]
By the end of September 2023, 3.189 million 5G base stations and 145 million gigabit broadband users have been built.[16]
By the end of October 2023, the total number of 5G base stations has reached 3.215 million, accounting for 28.1% of the total number of mobile base stations, and the number of 5G mobile phone users of three basic telecommunications enterprises has reached 754 million.[17]
On February 29, 2024, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Statistical Bulletin of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China in 2023, with 11.62 million mobile phone base stations, including 6.29 million 4G base stations and 3.38 million 5G base stations.[18][20]
Wireless survey and design of outdoor base station
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The design and layout of the base station is the primary work of network planning. The main content is to determine the frequency reuse mode according to the bandwidth. At the same time, it should also refer to the relative requirements of capacity prediction, traffic distribution, coverage, etc., and then determine the number of base stations. Next, it is to determine the location of the base station and determine the relevant parameters.The survey of the base station is an important part of determining the layout of the base station. The site survey includes optical measurementSpectrum measurementAnd station site survey, no matter what kind of survey, detailed preparation is required.[7]
preparation
The first is to get familiar with the specific situation of the project, and make preparations by collecting relevant data, mainly including project documents, background information, maps, configuration lists, preparation tools, etc.[7]
Coverage requirements
The coverage of a base station is closely related to the relevant quality of service indicators, as well as the output power of the transmitter and the sensitivity of the receiver. In addition,antennaThe direction, frequency band and propagation environment of the BTS are the main requirements for coverage.[7]
Station site selection
After the preparations are made and the coverage requirements are understood, the selection of the station site should be started. In the process of determining the station site, the original network conditions should be considered. The local population distribution, habits, urban structure and distribution of main streets, as well as the surrounding social and natural environment, only comprehensive consideration should be taken,To choose a suitable address.[7]
Antenna feeder design
The antenna feeder system is mainly composed of combining and splitting unit, feeder, tower amplifier and antenna.Combining and branching unitIts main function is to complete the two-way work of transmitting and receiving signals, the combination of transmitting signals and thewave filteringLow noise amplification and shunt.It also provides the feed circuit of the tower amplifier, thereby realizing the unit of sharing a pair of antennas for multiple transmit signals and multiple receive signals.The purpose of the tower amplifier is to improve the sensitivity of the base station receiving system.The feeder and antenna are selected according to the actual situation and selection principles, so as to achieve good results to a large extent.[7]
Antenna selection
The antenna selection is mainly based on the specific terrain or traffic distribution to classify the environment where the antenna is used, which is simply outdoor and indoor. The detailed classification can be divided into urban and suburban areas, rural and township areas, mountain areas and plains, roads and tunnels, etc. It can be classified according to the specific situation.For different environments, different antennas need to be selected to achieve good results.[7]
Antenna height and antenna azimuth design
The same BTS can have different heights in different cells. This is mainly determined by the restricted height in a certain direction, or it can change due to the overall planning of the cell.Generally speaking, the effective height of the antenna is about 25m in the flat urban area, while the antenna height of the base station in the suburb can be improved moderately, generally about 40m.If the antenna is too high, the problem of "black under the tower" will occur, which will have a certain impact on the coverage, and then affect the quality of the network.The azimuth design of the antenna should start from the layout of the whole network. On the basis of satisfying the coverage, it should ensure that the azimuth angles of the three major sectors of each base station in the urban area are consistent. In the suburban area and the traffic trunk road area, the coverage target can be focused on and adjusted to a certain extent according to the azimuth of the sky line.For antennaMain lobeIn terms of direction, it should point to the area with high traffic density, which can ensure the signal strength of the area and improve the call quality.In addition, pay attention to the cells with the same frequency. The possible selection deviation and the possible interference phenomenon should be strictly controlled.[7]
Antenna isolation
The receiver and transmitter of the base station need a certain degree of isolation. The isolation between antennas is in the actual installation of antennas. The signal is attenuated from the port of one antenna to the port of another antenna.Generally speaking, a certain degree of isolation is required between two transmitting antennas or receiving antennas, which should be at least 30db.Because the higher the antenna is installed, itsdiversityThe greater the horizontal spacing between antennas, the less interference between antennas.In addition, if you want to further control the interference of antenna, you should pay attention to diversity antenna, and keep its horizontal spacing above 3m.[7]
Survey documents
Survey documents are generally survey reports on base stations, and the main content is some data information, which needs to be sorted out in a more standardized and accurate form, so as to lay a foundation for future network optimization work.The survey documents also have a very important impact on the quality of the entire base station project. At the same time, some network expansion can be carried out, which plays a very important basic role in the overall base station construction.[7]
Noise analysis of communication base station
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GK-G016 × 2Mb/S optical terminal, H950ZTE transmitter, DUM-48/50C4 power cabinet, TYGT606045 general cabinet and other equipment are installed in the machine room of the communication base station.The base size of the equipment is 600 mm × 600 mm, and the height varies from 900 mm to 200 mm.The machine room is located in the residential building, only one wall away from the residential rooms.[8]
The equipment noise of the communication base station is electromagnetic noise and mechanical noise generated by several small cooling fans. The measured noise on site is 61dB, and the measured noise spectrum.The noise is of low intermediate frequency characteristics, with a peak value of 2505001000Hz.The indoor noise of adjacent residents is 33dB, and the "buzz" sound generated by the equipment during operation can be heard.Since the equipment is directly installed on the floor without taking vibration isolation measures, the vibration is transmitted through the floor, and there is solid sound transmission.According to the field measurement, the sound insulation of the partition between the computer room and the residential room is only 28dB, which is much lower than that of 1B brick wall (painted on both sides), and should have more than 45dB of sound insulation.The reason is that the sound insulation capacity of the partition wall or floor slab to low-frequency sound is relatively low, and the solid sound transmission due to the vibration of equipment reduces the sound insulation capacity of the partition wall or floor slab.[8]
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Working procedures
(1) Authorized to operatemobile communicationWhen setting up or adding mobile communication base stations, operators should first fill in the Approval Form for Identification of Public Mobile Communication Base Station Sites.
(2) The municipal party committee office shall, within 15 daysApproval Form for Identification of Public Mobile Communication Base Station SiteReply and issue the Confirmation of Public Mobile Communication Base Station Site Selection when agreeing to the setting.
(3) The operating unit shall report to the Environmental Protection Bureau for application after the station is builtElectromagnetic Radiation Environment Certificate。The Environmental Protection Bureau shall conduct the test within the three-month trial run period, and issue the Electromagnetic Radiation Environment Certificate after receiving the experience.
(4) The station setting unit shall present the Certificate on Site Selection of Public Mobile Communication Base StationsStation Technical Data SheetApply for radio station license for Electromagnetic Radiation Environment Certificate.
Legal basis
Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Radio Administration《Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Telecommunications》From the perspective of radio management and telecommunications facilities, the setting and protection of base stations are stipulated in principle. For example, Article 47 of the Telecommunication Regulations stipulates that "infrastructuretelecomBusiness operators may attach telecommunication lines or install small antennas, mobile communication base stations and other public telecommunication facilities on civil buildings, but they shall notify the building owner or user in advance. "This provides a legal basis for telecom operators to set up base stations on civil buildings.
On July 13, 2021, the China Internet Association released the China Internet Development Report (2021), which shows that the total number of mobile communication base stations in China will reach 9.31 million in 2020.[10]
As of June 2021, the overall size of China's Internet users will exceed 1 billion, and the huge size of Internet users will provide a strong endogenous power to promote high-quality economic development in China.First, the construction of Internet basic resources was accelerated to lay a solid foundation for the growth of Internet users.By June 2021, the number of IPv6 addresses in China has reached 62023/32, an increase of 7.6% over the end of 2020.The total number of mobile phone base stations reached 9.48 million, a net increase of 170000 compared with December 2020.Second, the basic services of digital applications are increasingly rich, driving more netizens to use them.Internet and science and technology enterprises continue to sink into the fourth and fifth tier cities and villages, drive the continuous improvement of logistics and digital service facilities in rural areas, promote the increasingly rich digital application infrastructure services in consumer circulation, life services, entertainment content, medical education and other fields, and bring digital convenience to users.Third, the government service level has been constantly improved, and user habits have accelerated to form.During the epidemic, the national integrated government affairs service platform launched more than 700 high-frequency services such as back to work employment, online recruitment, online tax handling, and increased the overall planning of government affairs informatization construction to continuously improve people's welfare.[11]
On December 9, 2021, the first plateau 5G base station in Xinjiang will be officially opened at the foot of the Karakoram Mountains.[13]
By the end of September 2022, the total number of mobile communication base stations in China has reached 10.72 million.Among them, the total number of 5G base stations reached 2.22 million.[14]
On August 28, 2023, the China Internet Network Information Center today released its 52nd Statistical Report on the Development of Internet in China.The Report shows that by June 2023, the total number of mobile phone base stations in China has reached 11.29 million, of which 2.937 million 5G base stations have been built and put into operation, accounting for 26% of the total number of mobile base stations.[15]
By the end of 2023, the total number of mobile communication base stations in China will reach 11.62 million, including 3.377 million 5G base stations, accounting for 29.1% of the total number of mobile base stations, 7.8% higher than that at the end of last yearspot。[19]
