Concanavalin（Canavalia gladiata(Jacq.) DC.）Leguminosae, concanavaliaherbaceous, up to several meters long, pinnately compound leaves, leaflets ovate, base broadly cuneate, lateral leaflets oblique;The petiole is usually shorter than the small leaf;Petiolule hairy.Racemes with long pedicels, several flowers born above the middle of the axis;Pedicel very short, smallBractOvoid, early falling;Corolla white or pink, petal broadly elliptic, apex concave, ovary linear, hairy.The pods are banded, slightly curved, and the seeds are elliptic or long elliptic. The seed coat is red or brown, and the hilum is about 3/4 of the seed circumference.It blooms from July to September and bears fruit in October.
It is distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River in China (cultivated).It is widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics and Africa.
The tender pods and seeds are for food, but they must be boiled with salt water first, and then boiled with clean water before they can be eaten.It can also be used as green manure to cover crops and feed.
Entangled herbs, several meters long, glabrous or slightly hairy.
Pinnate compound leafWith 3 leaflets, ovate leaflets, 8-15 cm long, 8-12 cm wide (4 -), apex acuminate or with acute tip, base broadly cuneate, both surfaces thinly puberulent or subglabrous, lateral leaflets oblique;The petiole is usually shorter than the small leaf;Petiolule ca. 7 mm, hairy.
RacemoseinflorescenceWith long pedicels, several flowers born above the middle of the total axis;Pedicel very short, born on the node of inflorescence axis;Bracteoles ovate, ca. 1 mm, caducous;Calyx is 15-16 mm long, slightly hairy, upper lip is about 1/3 of the length of calyx tube, with 2 broad and round teeth, lower lip is 3-lobed, teeth are small, about 2-3 mm long, acute;Corolla white or pink, 3-3.5 cm long, flag petal wide oval, concave top, base with inconspicuous ears and broad petiole, wing and keel petals are curved, with downward ears;Ovary linear, hairy.
The pods are banded, slightly curved, 20-35 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, and angulate about 5 mm from the suture;The seed is oval or long oval, about 3.5cm long, about 2cm wide, about 1.5cm thick, and the seed coat is red or brown,HilumAbout 3/4 of the seed perimeter.Flowering from July to September, fruiting from October.[2][10]
Growth environment
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Canavalia like temperature and heat, like strong light, lack of light affect flowering and podding.Strong adaptability to soil.[3]It is better to cultivate in loose sandy loam with good drainage.The optimum temperature for growth is 16~28 ℃.[11]Cona bean has strong resistance and wide adaptability, and is suitable for planting in most areas of China.[4]
Distribution range
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There are about 50 species in this genus, which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.There are 5 species in China, of which 2 are introduced.[11]It is distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River in China (cultivated).It is widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics and Africa.[2]
sword bean
Reproductive methods
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Propagate with seeds.Sowing before and after Qingming Festival in early April. Because the seed coat is hard and water absorption is slow, it should be soaked in water for one day and night before sowing.Dig nests with row spacing of 60cm, nest spacing of 45cm, and depth of 10cm. Sow 3-4 seeds in each nest. After applying pig manure water, cover it with fire ash and fine soil about 4cm thick.Human excrement cannot be used because it is easy to rot seeds and rot roots.[5]
Field management:When the plant height is 30-40cm and the top of the stem and vine is bent and twisted, the stem and vine shall be put up in time.The height of the frame shall be more than 200 cm for easy access and picking. The frame shall be made of solid wood to prevent collapse. The main frame shall be additionally paved with bamboo poles or connected vertically and horizontally with ropes.The length of the inserting rod shall be more than 200 cm, so as to draw the vine onto the shelf. After the vine onto the shelf is stable, the inserting rod can be removed.
Fertilizer and water management:It is not advisable to water more before the bean blooms, and attention should be paid to intertillage for moisture conservation to prevent falling flowers and pods.In leaf stage, combine with intertillage and weeding, and use 25-30kg compound fertilizer for the first topdressing every 667m2.The second topdressing after pod setting is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which is generally used every 667 square meterscalcium phosphate15kg, 10kg potassium chloride, and pay attention to watering frequently to ensure sufficient water.At the peak pod setting stage, the foliar fertilizer shall be applied 2-3 times as appropriate;In the middle and late stage of podding, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used together with topdressing for 1-2 times to prevent premature senescence and prolong the podding period.In the flowering and podding stage, the side tendrils should also be properly removed or pinched, and the leaves should be thinned to improve the podding rate.[4]
Key values
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diet
The beans taste sweet and warm.Concanavalin has the effects of warming the middle and lower qi, relieving nausea and tonifying the kidney, and can effectively treat post disease and deficiency cold hiccup, vomiting, abdominal distention, kidney deficiency induced low back pain and other diseases.[6]The tender pods and seeds are for food, but they must be boiled with salt water first, and then boiled with clean water before they can be eaten.[11]
Watch
This kind of flower and fruit has certain ornamental value and is suitable for three-dimensional greening of trellises, flower racks and fences.[11]
raise
It can also be used as green manure, covering crops and fodder.[11]
medical
Compendium of Materia Medica: "Warming the middle and lowering the qi, benefiting the intestines and stomach, stopping hiccups, tonifying the kidney and tonifying the yuan."[5]
"Compilation of Medical Forest": "Harmonize the stomach, enhance the clarity, and reduce turbidity."[5]
The Herbal Medicine of Southern Yunnan: "It can cure cold and dampness, benefit the intestines and stomach, burn ashes, send wine, and strengthen the spleen."[5]
Sichuan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine: "It can cure fullness and abdominal pain in the chest, kidney qi failure and dysentery."[5]
Compendium: Knife bean, "Materia Medica" is missing, but in recent years, small books contain its warmth and supplement Yuanyang.Others suffered from hiccups after illness. They heard about their neighbors, or ordered them to take scallops and beans to burn, so that they could take two dollars of soup and stop.This also takes its lower qi to return to its original state and reverses its self stopWarm the middle and lower the qi, benefit the intestines and stomach, stop hiccups, benefit the kidney and nourish the elements.[5]
Southern Yunnan Materia Medica: invigorate the spleen.[5]
Manual of Traditional Chinese Medicine: tonifying the kidney, dispelling cold, lowering qi, benefiting the intestines and stomach, and stopping vomiting.Treatment of kidney qi deficiency, gastrointestinal disharmony, nausea, abdominal distention, vomiting and diarrhea.[5]
Duan Chengshi's Youyang Zazu: "Lelang carries sword beans, and the pods grow crosswise, like people holding swords."[5]
be careful
It is easy to cause poisoning if the concanavalin is eaten raw or not cooked.Because it contains a toxic protein "lectin", which contains hemolysin.People will have nausea, vomiting, stomachache, dizziness and other symptoms in about 3 hours after being poisoned. Therefore, attention should be paid to cooking. If you eat cold food, you should also cook it for 10 minutes.[7]
Disease and insect control
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Cona bean has strong resistance to stress, and common diseases and pests mainly include root rot, aphids, etc.
Root rot can be controlled by watering roots with 70% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim 500-600 times solution.
Aphid can be controlled by spraying 3000 times of Mizol emulsifiable concentrates or 2500 times of Imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrates.[4]
