Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced byAdenohypophysisThe secreted hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis, is promoted by the thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH) secreted by the hypothalamus on the one hand, and inhibited by the feedback of thyroid hormone on the other hand. The two are antagonistic to each other, and they form the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis.
Thyroid stimulating hormone is mainly responsible for regulating the proliferation of thyroid cells, thyroid blood supply, and the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone, and plays the most important regulatory role in maintaining normal thyroid function.Pituitary diseases can directly affect the synthesis and release of TSH.When the thyroid itself causes abnormal thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, it can also affect the pituitary TSH secretion and serum TSH level.Similarly, when hypothalamic disease affects TRH secretion, it will also affect pituitary TSH secretion and serum TSH level.
Clinical significance of thyroid stimulating hormone
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TSH is one of the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, and its main function is to control and regulate thyroid activity.Determination of thyrotropin in serum (plasma) is one of the important indicators for diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, as well as research of hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis.It is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and differential diagnosis of primary and secondary (hypothalamic or pituitary) hypothyroidism.When hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are treated, their TSH can be used as an indicator to judge the efficacy.In addition, it can also be used to observe the reserve function of pituitary TSH, and further distinguish the lesions of hypothalamus and pituitary.TSH detection is a preliminary screening test to identify thyroid function.A small change in the concentration of free thyroid will bring about a significant adjustment of TSH concentration in the opposite direction.
1. Elevated serum TSH: common in primary hypothyroidism, TSH secreting tumor, iodine deficiency endemic goiter, thyroid hormone resistance syndrome, etc.
2. Decrease of serum TSH: common in primary hyperthyroidism, TSH gene mutation, various pituitary diseases (such as pituitary adenoma, pituitary inflammation, pituitary bleeding disease or injury disease) affecting TSH cell function, injury period of various thyroiditis, and clinical application of high-dose glucocorticoid, etc
