Article/Jia Kang of China Economic 50 People Forum
One of the important tasks of the new ideological liberation is to pierce the window paper of the "offending" problem that the other side deliberately avoids. But the courage to pierce this layer of window paper is precisely to require the reformers to sacrifice their own interests to be public minded. At the same time, Chinese society must further emphasize the extreme importance of giving the reformers the space to "make a difference".
Jia Kang: The next step of reform must face the problem of "offending people" The reform and opening up since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978 will usher in its 40th anniversary. Comprehensively and profoundly understand and continue to substantially promote reform and opening up, which concerns the future of the country, the destiny of the nation and the well-being of the people. The author holds the social responsibility consciousness of "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", and makes a brief investigation and discussion on it.
1、 The Great Historical Significance of Reform and Opening up
Since the first industrial revolution, China has rapidly fallen behind in the world, but the Chinese people at that time were still unaware of it, and were still intoxicated with the "sunset glory" of the so-called "Kang Yong Qian heyday". By the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840, China, the only "country with an uninterrupted ancient civilization" in the world, was in a state of decline. Since then, it had become poor and weak all the way, and was in danger of being bullied and divided up. After the defeat of the Jiawu Naval Battle, the speedy reform of 1898 and the looting of the Eight Power Allied Forces, three major events finally took place in the 20th century: the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the millennium monarchy; The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 following the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression; At the end of the 1970s, reform and opening up were carried out to launch a new era of modernization. It was in the process of reform and opening up that the Chinese finally got a cautious and optimistic outlook. The vision of great national rejuvenation that countless people with lofty ideals have pursued, expected and dedicated themselves to in the past century has "never been so close". China's reform and opening up are injecting new vitality into the ancient China, and will also strongly influence the whole world as a "community with a shared future for mankind".
As Coase commented before his death, China's struggle is also the struggle of the world. In the course of the world development of the "catch up" great power rising of the most important relevant economies, China's modernization is expected to become the most typical case of "peaceful rise" and "win-win" civilization upgrading with competitors.
The new historical starting point of China's current connection with modernization and the "great national rejuvenation" is the decisive achievement of reform and opening up after more than a hundred years of twists and turns, tears and tears, sacrifice and hardships, and unremitting struggle. In the efforts of previous generations, there has never been a lack of solemn, stirring, sacrifice and benevolence Generous justice and earth shaking heroism. But in terms of the effectiveness of making people rich and the country strong, it has never been like 40 years of reform and opening up, which has widened the road of rejuvenation and attracted global attention.
As the world's most populous country, China's economic aggregate has risen from the 10th place in the world at the beginning of reform and opening up to the 2nd place, and its per capita national income has grown from only a few hundred dollars to more than 8000 dollars, becoming a "upper middle income" economy comparable to the World Bank, It is hoped that in the next 10 years, it will leap over the "middle-income trap" and grow into a high-income economy. At the beginning of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping foresighted the grand strategic goal of "three steps" to realize China's modernization. After the first two steps have been achieved ahead of schedule, it is very hopeful that in the future, the "comprehensive well-off society" will be the stage node first, and then the sustainable improvement of comprehensive national strength, soft and hard strength will be the realistic support. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, The dream of "the Chinese dream of great national rejuvenation" has come true.
In the passage of time, we increasingly see that the great historical significance of China's reform and opening up lies first in the return to humanism, based on the "ten year catastrophe" of the Cultural Revolution, and the profound reflection on the shortcomings of the traditional system, firmly grasp the right direction of the road to modernization, and firmly grasp the strategic opportunities that can no longer be missed, So that we can get the incentive mechanism for economic and social development right, release all kinds of potential positive factors, make Chinese society keep pace with the times, make this huge ship quickly sail into the main channel of the development of human civilization, and benefit the people of China and the world with extraordinary development.
Facts speak louder than words. Practice tests truth. "The world trend is vast, and if you follow it, you will prosper and if you go against it, you will perish, To achieve inclusive growth in the direction of "world harmony" through innovation. As General Secretary Xi Jinping said, reform and opening up has become the "key move" for China to achieve modernization.
2、 Great progress has been made and there is a long way to go
The great progress that reform and opening up have brought to China's economy and society is clearly shown in, but by no means limited to, economic aggregate, per capita income and other aspects. This progress is closely related to and closely combined with the innovation, reconstruction and improvement of multi-dimensional civilizations such as material, spiritual, political, cultural, ecological and so on. Existing commentators (such as Xudong) try to summarize the contributions and progress formed in this historical process initiated by Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang and other party and state leaders who are determined to reform and open up. These contributions and progress include at least the following aspects.
First, for the first time in thousands of years, the supreme ruler called for the emancipation of the mind, and opened the "magic bottle" for people's wisdom with great boldness. The basic principle of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts embodies the essence of Marxism, and guides Chinese people to break through the backward and ignorant state of the original prevalence of humanism, rules and regulations, and rigid ideas. It can be called earth shaking and deafening, and it is a fundamental and decisive great turning point for China to deny stupid civil administration and truly move towards modernization. Although there are still "a wide range of views and opinions" on how to further emancipate the mind, it is inevitable that the ideological emancipation will also be "a mixture of good and evil people, sand and mud", but this is the proper meaning and key premise of the topic of historical progress.
Second, promote the reform of the economic system with market-oriented orientation until the "Southern Tour" and the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the target model of the socialist market economy. By encouraging the common development of various economic sectors and implementing various decentralization and simplification measures, it opens up the potential space for countless micro entities to play their smart talents and greatly liberate the productive forces, Significantly improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, so that the land of China can quickly change all kinds of outdated state, change the old look, and greatly increase its strength.
Third, make it clear that poverty is not socialism, the country should focus on economic construction, emphasize that this basic line is unswerving for 100 years, make the society change from an endless political movement to "concentrate on construction and concentrate on development", be pragmatic to revitalize the country through hard work, innovate with new ideas, abandon egalitarianism, and allow some people Some regions become rich first, and then pursue common prosperity, so that the principle of material interests and efforts to become rich complement the investment and entrepreneurial environment of society such as the recognition of private property rights protection. "Accelerating the pace of becoming rich" has become a positive and positive word, which is implemented into the people's desire for a better life and the broad practical actions of the whole society.
Fourth, it is necessary to recognize that there is a dead road to seclusion, to open up to the world, and to seize the era theme and strategic opportunity period of "peace and development" in international cooperation and competition. Accordingly, we have made major adjustments in diplomatic thinking, changing from ideology label first to national interests first, which is expected to turn China from a country with high ideology to a normal country, and gradually and effectively move China from a marginal country to the center of world politics.
Fifth, on the premise of adhering to the basic political principles, we should promote the rule of law, stress stability, limit privileges, and optimize governance, allow the diversification of literature and art, the diversification of social members' preferences, and the autonomy of social management at the grass-roots level, so that social organizations and operations move towards the modernization track.
Sixth, the inner party life of the ruling party has shifted from cruel political struggle to a more moderate patriarchal management, abolished the lifelong system of leading cadres, and started the modernization process in the basic areas of political life.
Seventh, redress the wrongs, wrongs and wrongs in history, abolish the blood theory that divides citizens into three or six or nine grades and marks "black five" origins, and lay the foundation and provide the premise for modern civilized concepts and rules such as human rights and democracy.
Eighth, it is important to respect knowledge and talents, resume college entrance examination, develop education, revitalize science and technology, and take the path of creating a new country, so that science and technology "the first productive force" and "innovative development" become a powerful engine to promote modernization.
It is just the great progress mentioned above in the new period of reform from ideology to economy, politics, society, culture and so on that leads to the remarkable achievements of 40 years of construction and development, and together with them, constitutes the all-round progress and contribution of China's reform and opening up with thousands of years of civilization history and more than 200 global economies as the reference frame. We have every reason to rejoice in this.
At the same time, it is urgent to point out that in the deep-water area of reform that China has entered, the difficulty of deepening reform has increased unprecedentedly. There are many problems of "the accumulation of contradictions and hidden dangers". How to chew down the hard bones when "all the delicious meat is eaten up, and the rest are hard bones" is a challenge for all to see. To continue to eliminate the shackles of rigid concepts and "break through the barriers of interest solidification", it requires great courage, boldness, responsibility and superb wisdom to "change one's own life".
China's reform is a long run of "half a hundred miles is half a hundred miles". We are still on the way. Looking ahead, we have a long way to go. In short: China's economic aggregate is the second largest in the world, but how to accelerate the transformation of the development mode to create an upgraded version has not been solved; The reform launched the wealth creation movement that benefited many people, but how to benefit all members of society has not been solved yet; The overall rule of law is downward, and the requirements for promoting people's democracy are very clear, but there are still many problems to be solved on how to truly form a fair and just democratic society ruled by law; The reform must adhere to the market orientation and the principle of material interests, and form sufficient incentives. However, there are still a series of entanglements that have not yet been resolved on how to effectively correct the "market failure" and successfully limit the "unwillingness to be rich"; Allowing some people and some regions to get rich first is in line with the objective law of the development of things. However, after the momentum of "getting rich first" is formed, how to well adjust the income distribution differences between individuals and regions and effectively promote the process of "getting rich together" has not been resolved; It is indeed necessary for the government to actively use industrial policies and technological and economic policies to better and more effectively play its role, but what kind of mechanism to implement such policies and measures to prevent the caprice and distortion of power has not been solved; The abolition of the "duty lifetime system" for leading cadres is very positive, but how to change the "treatment lifetime system" for leading cadres has not yet been resolved.
In the process of modernization and global cooperation and competition, China is indeed beginning to challenge the United States. In terms of gross domestic product (GDP), China now ranks second in the world after surpassing Japan. However, people have noticed that from historical experience, any economy that occupies the second place behind the United States will be subject to very obvious "suppression by the leader". We have already felt the pressure.
To really say "surpassing the United States", we should not think that this is a historical process that can be reflected only in the total amount. Now many people are predicting that China's total volume will be ahead of the United States in many years. This process may be realized if the Chinese themselves do not make big mistakes.
However, if China really wants to surpass the United States, it must mainly rely on the growth quality, comprehensive national strength, as well as soft power and smart power on the basis of various development supports at the material level, which involves the formation of a comprehensive strength with cultural significance and ideological core value appeal in general. For China, Now it seems far away.
At present, China needs to be soberly aware that we are still a developing country. Although we are the leader of emerging economies, the total amount does not indicate the key issue in the overall comprehensive evaluation. The United States is still the world's largest power, ranking high among developed countries and modern economies; China is just an economy that shows the characteristics of catching up and has already taken the lead in developing countries with a sense of challenge.
A strategic balance has been formed between high and low, that is, in the economic cycle, as the main two trading partners, it seems that economic interests can not be separated from each other, but international competition is not only about this level, it has more complex content. If China fails to give full play to the upward factors of hedging various downward factors, such as the institutional dividend brought by reform, the "science and technology first productivity" radiated by reform and innovation is actually promoted to the track of an innovative country and moves forward in energy conservation and consumption reduction, and if China fails to substantially fight corruption In terms of anti excessive monopoly, it is hard to imagine such a qualitative transcendence if we really solve our own problems and do our own things well.
This is a very serious, long-term and historic long-distance running process, and the final result is the high-end and low-end competition. Therefore, it must be emphasized that China's future modernization will mainly face a qualitative challenge. What is crucial and decisive is quality - the quality of growth in the transformation of development mode and economic and social transition. Moreover, the recognition and evaluation of this quality should be further promoted to a comprehensive consideration that is recognized by the whole people, with the characteristics of happiness and humanistic evaluation, as well as other relevant civilization factors.
In the "long-distance race", we lost no time in solving a series of challenges related to these. This is the historic test we faced when we commemorated the 40 years of reform and opening up. And if we sail against the current, we will not advance until we retire.
3、 Four basic characteristics of reform and development at the present stage
First, "transformation of development stage" and "prominent contradiction" are intertwined. After a little research in various parts of China, we can feel that we are still in the "strategic opportunity period with great achievements", but after more than 30 years of rapid growth and becoming a middle-income economy, we are turning to a new starting point of the "new normal" according to the general law.
The economic growth is unlikely to continue the "double-digit" high-speed growth under the "large-scale" characteristics of the base, and is turning to "medium high speed". However, the confidence of continued development and the huge potential of market growth are still second to none in major economies. The construction scenario is within reach in large cities, small and medium-sized towns and many rural areas, Impressive. But at the same time, the contradictory constraints from resources and environment and from interpersonal relationships are becoming increasingly obvious and aggressive.
Haze has frequently hit most of China. The demolition of some expanded built-up areas and new heavy chemical projects in local areas have met strong opposition from the public again and again, and often turned into group events that shook the overall situation; After entering the "middle-income stage", the problem of income distribution has become more prominent. The widening gap and unfair distribution can not be ignored. The social mentality is increasingly inclined to the characteristics of many other economies that had shown before falling into the "middle-income trap", such as "holding up their jobs to eat, putting down their chopsticks and scolding", and pursuing "catching up with and surpassing the welfare on the basis of populism".
Second, "downward factors" and "upward factors" in economic operation are hedging. The "potential growth rate" of China's economy has been on the "downward step", from about 10% to 6.5%~7%. The "new" of the "new normal" has been defined, but the "constant" has yet to be reached, that is, the bottom has not yet been reached and stabilized in a decent manner. Related downward factors include rising labor costs, the imminent disappearance of demographic dividends, the rapid arrival of aging social pressure, the impact of "diminishing returns" on investment from a higher base, and the increasing difficulty in upgrading the real economy.
However, a number of upside factors that can offset downside factors are most worthy of our attention and struggle. These upside factors include new urbanization dividends（“ Power source ”"Growth engine" effect triggered by demand release), scientific and technological innovation dividends (taking the path of creating a new country, keeping up with the tide of the "third industrial revolution" and stimulating the multiplier effect of scientific and technological "primary productivity"), social management dividends (grassroots autonomy, social harmony, and the effect of promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages in community governance, non-profit organizations and volunteer organizations), The key to the release of all these dividends is whether the substantive reform of "overcoming difficulties" can become a reality without staying on the slogan, and then can be integrated into a "reform dividend" of improving and maintaining total factor productivity and resolving various contradictions and constraints.
State owned enterprises that have been baptized by a series of reforms but still have arduous reform tasks, private capital and social funds that have grown in the same industry, as well as private wisdom, potential and vitality that can be mobilized with them, must rely on reform to get rid of obstacles and contribute more to their "positive energy". A new round of price tax finance linkage reform, investment and financing reform, state-owned enterprises and state-owned assets system reform, and administrative and judicial reform are unavoidable. After hedging the above downward and upward factors, we should strive to achieve a medium to high growth platform with an average annual growth rate of 6.5%~7% as long as possible in the future, and create an "upgraded version" of growth quality with optimized structure.
Third, efforts to deepen reform compete with the resistance of vested interests. From the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee to the implementation of the supporting reform focusing on finance and taxation at the macro level in 1994 after Comrade Deng Xiaoping's "Southern Tour", and to the locking up of the pattern of comprehensive opening up with "WTO accession" around the turn of the millennium, a series of reforms and innovations have opened a new era of productivity liberation and national modernization, but the vested interests in the gradual reform have also gradually become a situation and will not be lost, Although deepening reform and accelerating transformation have been emphasized since the 1990s, they have been struggling before the "barrier of interest solidification". After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the reform resolution of the senior management on "breaking the nerve" has been clearly stated, but the suspicion of "automatic surgery" and "self revolution" within the system in the society, the business community and the market has not been eliminated, and it is superimposed with the changes of ideological factors. Behind the game between deepening reform efforts and vested interests, there is a race between reform and the "accumulation of contradictions" in society, which has long been likened to "the race of two tigers". These two tigers have complete elements, and it seems that they cannot see each other clearly, but they are moving forward. Who runs faster will determine the future of the country, the destiny of the nation, and the "Chinese Dream" Success or failure. Resolving the obstacles of vested interests is the most difficult part of the reform, and it is also the historic test that we must face and hand in the answer.
Fourth, strive to make the reform achieve decisive results in 2020, which is a new starting point for reform to accept the historical test under the situation of challenges and opportunities, and a key timing for striving for the "new normal" led by "continuing to keep pace with the times". Since the key to pursuing sustainable growth and modern great national rejuvenation lies in further liberating the productive forces and achieving inclusive development under modern national governance, bringing about "power transformation" driven by innovation, optimizing supply by supply side structure and supporting upgrading and quality improvement more effectively by institutional supply will be the key to determining whether we can meet challenges and grasp opportunities properly. In order to achieve the timetable for the decisive results of the reform tasks deployed since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee when the "13th Five Year Plan" ends in 2020, which is clearly set by the Central Committee, we must promote the comprehensive reform of "Five in One" with greater determination, courage, boldness and higher wisdom and operational standards, and under the overall "road map", we must also provide multiple rounds of "minimum package" Supporting reform design. The convening of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is destined to be another historic meeting to guide the deepening of reform.
4、 Pressure, motivation and available experience of overcoming difficulties in comprehensive reform
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's reform has entered a "deep-water area" with unprecedented resistance. All the "Pareto improvement" style reforms that "only people benefit but no one suffers" have been completed. At present, any task of deepening reform will face powerful obstacles formed by the "entrenchment barrier" of vested interests, and most of the reforms have been deeply intertwined, "pull the whole body". In the past, the space for local efforts to seek breakthroughs to improve the overall situation has obviously narrowed, and more and greater tests are focused on "comprehensive reform" This basic concept.
"Comprehensively deepening reform determines sustainable growth", which is an important understanding and key point that must be established when the economic and social transition related to the modernization of the "Chinese Dream" and the great national rejuvenation destiny is "unfinished", and the reform trend of overcoming difficulties is inevitable. In retrospect, compared with the 1980s and 1990s, our reform environment and tasks today are very different. However, China's economic and social transition is still in progress. When entering the deep-water area, some "stones" may be out of reach, which clearly requires a higher level of top-level planning. The previous plenary sessions since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have provided guidelines of the nature of top-level planning that are highly concerned and urgently needed by the society. In order to grasp the direction and path, philosophy and essentials of the reform, it is necessary to carry forward the past and open up the future, and carry forward the innovative feat of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's southern tour and the ideological emancipation spirit elements that serve the Party's basic line.
First, from the perspective of pressure, the aggressive and pioneering reforms since the 1980s, of course, are due to the "ten year catastrophe" and the traditional institutional ills that have created the "dead end" of "no reform and opening up". Taking advantage of the momentum and the tide of ideological emancipation, they are shown in the "wailing" style of the reformers who break through the fire without hesitation Open up a new bureau vigorously; However, in the current stage of reform deepening and overcoming difficulties, there is also the risk threat of "contradictions accumulating and hidden dangers piling up". Under the guidance of problems and the pressure of the situation, we can only struggle forward to wade into dangerous beaches, gnaw hard bones, and overcome difficulties like "heroes breaking their wrists", striving to continue to keep pace with the times at a new historical starting point, which is like "sailing against the current, not advancing is retreating", There is still no choice, and it is still necessary to repeatedly emphasize that "the brave who meet on a narrow road will win" and "only reform and innovation will win".
Second, from the perspective of motivation, the Chinese people who started the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China recognize and grasp the world trend and the mainstream of civilization development, firmly adhere to the basic line of economic construction as the center, and "unswervingly pursue the great national rejuvenation of" peaceful rise "for a hundred years, which has promoted the realization of the" dream come true "of the Chinese dream that" has never been so close " The key historical stage of. At the same time, the complexity of the reform and the difficulty in promoting it are worthy of the old saying that "half of those who travel a hundred miles are 90". While recognizing and adapting to the new normal of the economy, the most important thing is to actively lead it.
The supply side structural reform is to follow the basic logic of promoting the overall situation and the law of innovative development from the system supply in the 1980s, and to pursue sustainable development in an upgraded way. This must also be supported by the upgrading of the power source and power system of innovative development built by "seeking truth from facts and emancipating the mind" since the 1980s.
Third, from experience, in the reform after the 1980s, there were not only the rural reform that "kept it for a long time, but also the rapid development", but also the bumpy trial and error of urban reform, the timing mismatch of "price breakthrough", and the subsequent severe social test of "socialization and politicization of economic problems". After all, we have accumulated reform experience in the exploration It leads to the establishment of the target model of socialist market economy after Comrade Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in the next decade and its great achievements - the interaction and consensus building in the reform, which are pushed forward in a zigzag way according to the "ongoing time" in the stormy waves; After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we obviously need to go through the test of further building consensus and weakening differences in the new era and new stage. Substantive reform requires not only greater determination, courage and boldness to break through the barriers of interests solidification, but also higher level of scheme optimization, operational wisdom and coordination art by drawing on international and domestic experience, and winning the recognition of the vast majority of the people Support and active participation. To grasp the heart of good people and form the resultant force of reform, we should not only learn from the experience and lessons since the 1980s, but also deal with many new problems and meet new challenges in a transcendental and constructive manner.
In this process, at the spiritual level, we should be supported by the reform beliefs and example strength of the older generation of reformers such as Comrade Deng Xiaoping; At the practical level, we should put more emphasis on seeking truth from facts and tolerance, and continue to encourage grassroots and local governments to take the lead in market-oriented reform.
5、 Further emancipate the mind, break through the "historical Three Gorges" with comprehensive reform, and meet the great rejuvenation of modernization
It has been 25 years since Comrade Deng Xiaoping made a tour to the south to introduce the goal of "socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics". After 20 years of rapid growth with an average annual growth rate of more than 10% brought about by the southern tour, China's economy has entered a "new normal" that conforms to the general law after reaching the middle-income stage in recent years. After being baptized by the Asian financial crisis and the world financial crisis, the international situation since 2016 has been more like a "black swan" flying around. The country's internal affairs and diplomacy, political economy, social culture and other aspects seem to be full of uncertainty. At present, in the tangle and confusion of "contradictions highlight hidden dangers", and in the call of the new era of "reform innovators win", China especially needs to regain Comrade Deng Xiaoping's pioneering spirit of reform and passion of ideological emancipation during his southern tour.
In terms of theoretical expression of "ideological liberation", Comrade Deng Xiaoping finally made it clear that more plans or more markets are the combination of mechanisms and means at the level of economic operation, rather than the fundamental system problems that have been controversial for many years. Capitalism should also have plans, and socialism should also develop markets, Considering the national conditions and the trend of human civilization development, China must establish the target model of socialist market economy in order to realize the great national rejuvenation of modernization in peaceful development.
This practical and realistic ideological understanding "de ideologically" opens up a huge space for implementing the Party's basic line centered on economic construction and stimulating China's objectively existing development potential, and brings about the "Chinese miracle" of liberating the mind and then the productive forces. The Southern Tour is known as "Deng Xiaoping's swan dance in his lifetime" and is destined to become a milestone in China's modernization history.
The content of the Southern Tour Speech is very rich, but the core of the times of the Southern Tour Speech spirit can be summed up in a word: innovation and development. Innovation is the soul of a nation, the right path to the development and improvement of human civilization, the lifeline for China to catch up and rebuild its glory after the fall behind of the industrial revolution, and the essence of Deng Xiaoping's speech in the South Tour, which forms its concentration and demonstration. To develop, there is only innovation; To innovate, we must emancipate our minds, dare to try and break through boldly, and dare to make breakthroughs on key issues that determine the overall situation on the premise of correctly grasping the world trend and the general direction of modernization.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the top decision-makers have repeatedly stressed that reform is the "key move" for China to achieve modernization, and is where our "biggest dividend" lies. In the deep water area of reform, "no matter how deep the water is, we must wade". We need to combine the reform courage of "breaking the wrist", the "historical responsibility" for the future of the country and the destiny of the people with superb reform wisdom, involving torrents Go through dangerous shoals and bite the bullet, let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government play a better role, and "break through the barriers of interest solidification" to overcome difficulties.
These are the same as the spiritual core of the Southern Tour, and are mainly reflected in the first article of the newly condensed modern development concept of the Central Committee: innovative development is the "first power" to lead to coordinated development, green development Open development and shared development as the destination of development - sustainable development in the peaceful rise of the Chinese nation with the people as the center and moving towards common prosperity.
The synonym of reform is institutional innovation under the premise of ideological emancipation. Innovation means uncertainty, but in terms of institutional innovation, we should first strive to improve its certainty, that is, on the basis of the success and failure of the previous 30 years and the summary of experience and lessons, we need to firmly grasp its basic concept, logic and generosity, be bold and knowledgeable Pragmatically and practically, the reform will be deepened and substantially promoted in overcoming difficulties. Therefore, we urgently need a new round of ideological emancipation.
First, we need to face up to the existing interest curing barriers and seek their solution. The space for "Pareto improvement", which benefits only people but is not damaged, has been exhausted. The limitations of the already solid sectoral interests, local interests and short-term interests, which are widely reflected in a series of specific reform and development matters, are increasingly highlighting their inertia and obstruction.
However, "it is more difficult to touch the interests than the soul", because "the world is bustling for the benefit, and the world is bustling for the benefit", the dynamic mechanism since the reform and opening up was initially "to clarify the principle of material interests", while grasping development is the absolute principle, mobilizing all positive factors, "making the people know their own interests, and unite to fight for them". However, as Comrade Deng Xiaoping said in his later years, after development, there are no fewer problems than when there is no development.
For example, how to upgrade relevant systems and mechanisms and optimize redistribution in response to the consolidation of departmental, local and small group interests and short-term interests when the income gap is widening has become a very offensive and difficult problem that must be solved. A new round of ideological emancipation is bound to require us to reflect on and point out the evolution of the interest pattern from the original "egalitarianism" to the new stage of "excessive differentiation" and its related new unfair drawbacks while continuing to implement the principle of material interests, learn from the international experience of basic system construction and policy application of income redistribution regulation, and closely combine with China's reality, We will design and implement reform programs to overcome difficulties, such as increasing the proportion of direct taxes, implementing the overall social planning of basic social security, "large department system" and "flattening", implementing the tax sharing system below the provincial level, and implementing the property declaration system from officials to cooperate with anti-corruption.
One of the important tasks of the new ideological liberation is to pierce the window paper of the "offending" problem that the other side deliberately avoids. But the courage to pierce this layer of window paper is precisely to require the reformers to sacrifice their own interests to be public minded. At the same time, Chinese society must further emphasize the extreme importance of giving the reformers the space to "make a difference".
Second, it is more necessary to face up to and correct the violent atmosphere in the existing extreme thinking and confrontation of views. The "We Media" function in the information age, coupled with the explosive communication effect of online "fragmentation" characteristics, makes the diversified expression of current views very convenient, while the negative is to make the extreme thinking of "black or white" most attractive and form a "herd effect", forming challenging issues in thought and public opinion.
Therefore, in the deep-water area where reform is "difficult and comprehensive fatigue", and in the new round of ideological liberation, on the one hand, we should continue to grasp the pragmatic and wise "less debate, no debate", which Comrade Deng Xiaoping called "a great invention", on some "labeled" issues to lead the trend of public opinion; On the other hand, it is necessary to cultivate and advocate the national quality of rational discussion in the ideological field where debate cannot be avoided and it is also necessary to deepen understanding, and fully respect the academic development law of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend".
In the ideological discussion, "I don't agree with your opinion, but I will defend your right to speak to the death" should be the thinking foundation for national governance to lock in "inclusive development" and the people to "go to the republic" in the process of China's modernization, and should also constitute the bottom line consensus between the cultural publicity management department (official) and the audience (the public) in the new stage of ideological liberation. Accustomed to the official based and administrative framework of public opinion management, it makes unreasonable and rigid suppression, goes against the Party spirit and loses the people's hearts, which is harmful but not beneficial.
New ideological emancipation should be based on the fine traditions of the Communist Party of China, such as "adhering to truth and correcting mistakes", "criticism and self-criticism", the Constitution, the Party Constitution, and the basic line of reform and opening up. We should make good use of the solid political foundation and huge ideological space for full exchange of views and rational discussion, encourage innovation and development, tolerate trial and error, curb vulgarity and weakness, and broaden the national mentality, Out of the chaos, China's "soft power" has been improved.
Third, we must face up to some of the thinking stereotypes that are still popular in China's officialdom and society and lag behind the development of the times and strive to abandon them. All these are the enemies of reform and innovation, especially such bad habits and accumulated malpractices. Once combined with public power, they are even more harmful. The new ideological emancipation needs to lead to the good development of the thinking characteristics of the officials and the people and the modernization of the social atmosphere, explore the essence of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation to carry forward the glory, and absorb all the positive achievements of human civilization to support the reform and revitalization of China.
Since China's modernization is a long run, we must have sufficient perseverance, determination, strategic patience and indomitable tenacity to gradually realize it; Since the Central Committee has clearly judged that China's reform to achieve modernization is at the critical stage of achieving "decisive results" and has made the top-level plan since the 18th National Congress, overcoming difficulties and connecting the "Chinese Dream" with comprehensive reform to overcome the "Three Gorges of History" should be the main line and theme to commemorate the 40 years of reform; Since the reform is a process of "removing the unreasonable ones and legitimizing the reasonable ones", it is still of great significance to continue to encourage the innovation experiments of local, grass-roots and micro subjects, the trial and error initiative in "crossing the river by feeling the stones" and the timely experience summary of "bottom-up".
Fourth, the "supply side structural reform" is a major strategic policy in the new development stage of reform and opening up and in the "overcoming difficulties". We must clarify the ideological fog and strive to win a decisive battle. Reform is a "self revolution of production relations" to solve the problem of effective institutional supply. After entering the deep-water area, the substantive progress of breaking through the barrier of interest consolidation is, first of all, to adjust the institutional structure and optimize the pattern of interests.
Therefore, the expression of "supply side structural reform" is in line with economic theory and has a clear direction. In real life, in the difficult progress of reform like walking on thin ice, there is not only the distortion, abnormality and change of "strengthening supply management" in the name of irrational supply side reform and against the laws of market economy, but also the confusion of blaming "supply side reform" against "deepening system reform". We should combine rational supply management in line with the original intention of the supply side structural reform with this reform concept, clarify the relevant ideological fog and prevent the supply side reform from slipping into the wrong area of "developing a new planned economy", and regard the decisive results of the reform as the core task of the decisive battle.
The reform has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard to carry this modernization cause through to the end. In commemorating the 40 years of reform and opening up, we have every reason to cite a famous prediction made by Comrade Mao Zedong in the critical period of the Chinese revolution to look forward to the prospect of the great national rejuvenation of China's modernization: the "Chinese Dream" pointed to by reform and opening up is already a ship that can see the tip of the mast from the coast, Standing on the top of a high mountain and looking at the east from afar, we can see the sun shining in all directions, and it is a mature baby who is restless in her mother's womb. Let us meet with the struggle of one heart!
(This article was published in the 10th issue of Globalization in 2017, soliciting articles for "40 years of reform and opening up".)
(The author of this article introduces: member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and researcher of the Chinese Academy of Financial Sciences.)
