Animals and plants obtained by introducing foreign genes with specific economic prices into animals and plants with transgenic technology
usetransgenic technologyThe specific special economic priceforeign geneWhen introduced into animals and plants, they not only express the good traits needed by human beings (such as insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide resistance, lodging resistance, high meat production and egg production), but also can obtain new varieties through protein recombination.For example, through this technologyTransgenic pigIt grows fast and bears roughage.Transgenic animalAlien humanorgan transplantIt is possible.
Chinese name
Transgenic animals and plants
Application status
Cattle, sheep, genetically modified fish and shrimp, genetically modified grain
On the surface,GM cropsIt seems to be no different from ordinary plants, but it has more genes that can make it produce additional characteristics.Since 1983, biologists have known how to transplant foreign genes into a plant's DNA, so that it has some new characteristics: herbicide resistance, plant virus resistance, pest resistance... This gene can come from any kind of life: bacteria, viruses, insects... So, through biotechnology,It is an unprecedented revolution in the 9000 year history of crop cultivation that people can infuse a certain crop with a characteristic that can not be obtained by hybridization.
The first gene transplant crop in the world is a kind of tobacco containing antibiotics.It was cultivated in 1983, and it was not until 10 years later that the first market-oriented genetic food appeared in the United States, which is a kind of tomato that can delay ripening.In 1996, the tomato cake made from this tomato food was allowed to be sold in supermarkets.
Plant application
Announce
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so far,Genetically modified grainGenetically modified vegetables and fruits have been successfully cultivated and put into the food market at home and abroad.National Committee for the Safety of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsPeng Yufa, member of the committee and researcher of the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesGM cropsIn the seven years since its inception, the number of transgenic organisms has increased 40 times. Most of them are plants, animals and microorganisms, of which plants are the most common.After the success of the research in 1983, GM crops grew directly from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 67.7 million hectares in 2003. 7 million households in 18 countries on five continents planted GM soybeans, accounting for 55% of all soybeans planted, corn for 11%, cotton for 21%, and rape for 16%. The export volume of these crops in international trade is also increasing.
The United States istransgenic technologyMost used countries.Since the gene transformation technology was actually put into agricultural production in the early 1990s, 55% of the annual output of American agricultural products, including soybeans, 45% of cotton and 40% of corn, has been gradually transformed into production through gene transformation.About 20 kindsGM cropsIt has been approved to plant seeds in the United States, including corn, soybeans, rape, potatoes, and cotton.It is estimated that from 1999 to 2004, the market size of genetically engineered agricultural products and food in the United States will expand from US $4 billion to US $20 billion, and will reach US $75 billion by 2019.Some experts predict that at the beginning of the 21st century, every kind of food in the United States may contain a certain amount of genetic engineering ingredients.Argentina and Canada are also countries with rapid development of transgenic agriculture.
China has carried out transgenic research on cotton, rice, wheat, corn and soybean, and has made many research achievements, especially inTransgenic cottonOutstanding achievements in research.As of January 2020GM cropsThere are only two kinds: disease resistant papaya and insect resistant cotton.The six types allowed to be imported: cotton, corn, soybean, rape, sugar beet and papaya.Common GM foods on the market are papaya, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and blended oil (made of soybean oil and rapeseed oil).
