Mass is a measure of the translational inertia of an objectphysical quantity, Pinyin: zh ì li à ng, which means to improve the quality of products or workInherent characteristicDegree of satisfaction).
SociologicalPratyaksa , such as (observation)Social quality(Adaptability and standard of public life).[1]
1. Qualification.Three Kingdoms Wei DynastyLiu Shao"Nine Characters": "The quality of ordinary people is the most expensive. The quality of neutralization must be insipid."
2. The quality of things, products or work.From Young Worker to Associate Professor by Yang Shiyun and others: "There are several items in the production record book of the phosphate fertilizer workshop every dayquality analysisData, all data restrict each other and affect each otherproduct quality。”Li Yimeng's Preface to English Collections: "Film is art, more technology and science. Quantity and quality should not be so shabby."
3. The quality and quantity of things.A Ying《essayTalk: "Since then, essays have been more refined. There has been a great development in both quality and quality."
4. Included in the objectAmount of substance, that is, the size of the inertia of the object.QualitativeInternational unitYes kg, othersCUoMThere are tons, grams, milligrams, etc.Generally, it is weighed with a balance.sameMass of objectIt is usually a constant and does not change with altitude or latitude.But according toEinsteinOfrelativityThe mass of the same object will change with the change of speed.
5. The level of durability.
Technical terminology
Announce
edit
What is quality
The content of quality is very rich. With the development of social economy and science and technology, it is also constantly enriched, improved and deepened. Similarly, people's understanding of the concept of quality has also experienced a historical process of continuous development and deepening.MainlyRepresentativenessThe concepts of
（1） Definition of Juran
Famous AmericanQuality AssuranceexpertJuranDr. J.M. Juran proposed that product quality is the product'sApplicability。That is, the degree to which the product can successfully meet the needs of users.The basic requirement of users for products is applicability, which appropriately expresses the connotation of quality.
（2） Quality definition of American quality experts
American quality management expertsCrosbyFrom the perspective of producers, quality was summarized as "the degree to which the product meets the specified requirements";Drucker, the American master of quality management, believes that "quality is to meet needs";Total quality controlFeigenbaum, the founder of, believes that product or service quality refers to the synthesis of various characteristics in marketing, design, manufacturing and maintenance.
This definition has two meanings, namely, use requirements and satisfaction degree.When people use products, they always put forward certain requirements for product quality, which are often affected by the time, place, objectsocial environmentandmarket competition The change of these factors will make people put forward different opinions on the same productquality requirement。Therefore, quality is not a fixed concept, it is dynamic, changing and developing;It varies with time, place and object of use, and is constantly updated and enriched with the development of society and technology.
The user's satisfaction with the product's use requirements is reflected in the performance, economic characteristics, service characteristicsEnvironmental characteristicsandPsychological characteristicsAnd so on.Therefore, quality is a comprehensive concept.It does not require that the higher the technical characteristics are, the better, but pursues such things as: performance, cost, quantitydate of deliveryThe best combination of factors such as, service, etc., is the so-called most appropriate.
（3） ISO8402 Definition of "Quality Terms"
Quality: the sum of characteristics reflecting the ability of an entity to meet explicit or implicit needs.
(1) OnContract environmentIn other environments, implicit needs should be identified and determined.
(2) In many cases, the need will change over time, which requires regular changes to the specification.
It can be seen from the definition that quality is a kind ofobjective thingsThe attribute of having a certain ability, because the objective thing has a certain ability, it is possible to meet people's needs, and needs are composed of two levels.The first level is that the product or service must meet the specified or potential needs, which can betechnical specificationsThe requirements specified in may also be the actual needs of users in the use process that are not specified in the technical specifications.It is dynamic, changing, developing and relative. "Need" changes with time, place, use object and social environment.Therefore, the "need" here is essentially the "applicability" of products or services;The second level is that under the premise of the first level, the quality isProduct characteristicsThe sum of the and properties.Because needs should be characterized and must be transformed into characteristics and characteristics with indicators. These characteristics and characteristics can be measured: all products that meet the requirements of characteristics and characteristics are products that meet the needs of users.Therefore, the second level of the definition of "quality" is essentially the productCompliance。In addition, the "entity" mentioned in the definition of quality refers to things that can be described and studied separately, which can be activities, processes, products, organizations, systems, people and their combinations.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that enterprises can occupy the market only if they produce products used by users.As far as the enterprise is concerned, the enterprise must produce products that meet the quality characteristics andCharacteristic indexProducts.Therefore, in addition to the "applicability" of quality, enterprises should also study the "conformity" quality.
The above definition can be understood from the following aspects:
(1) Quality is a term that can more directly describe the attribute of quality than ISO8402. Since it does not define the carrier of quality, it indicates that quality can exist in different fields or anything.yesquality management system For example, the carrier of quality is not only for the product, that is, the result of the process (such as hardwareProcess materials, software and services).It also targets processes and systems or their combinations.In other words, the so-called "quality" can be the quality of parts, computer software or services and other products, or it can be the quality of an activityQuality of workOr the work quality of a process, or the reputation and system of the enterpriseEffectiveness。
(2) In the definition, the characteristic refers to the unique nature of things. The inherent characteristic is the inherent nature of things. It is through products, processes or systemsDesign and developmentProperties formed by and after the implementation process.For example: physical characteristics (such as mechanical, electrical, chemical or biological characteristics), sensory characteristics (such as characteristics controlled by sense of smell, touch, taste, vision, etc.), behavioral characteristics (such as politeness, honesty, integrity), time characteristics (such as punctuality, reliabilityusability）, Human bodywork efficiencyCharacteristics (such as language or physiological characteristics, human bodySafety features）、Functional characteristics(e.g. aircrafttop speed）Etc.The requirements of these inherent characteristics are mostly measurable.The given characteristics (such as the price of a product) are not inherent characteristics of the product, system or process.
(3) To meet requirements is to meet explicit (such as explicitly specified), usually implicit (such as organizational practices, general customs) or mandatory (such aslaws and regulations, industry rules).Only when these requirements are fully met, can it be evaluated as good quality or excellent quality.
(4) Customers and othersRelated partiesThe quality requirements for products, systems or processes are dynamic, developing and relative.It will change with time, place and environment.Therefore, the quality should be reviewed regularly and accordinglyImprove product, system or process quality to ensure that the requirements of customers and other interested parties are continuously met.
(5) The word "quality" can be modified with adjectives such as poor, good or excellent
In the process of quality management, the meaning of "quality" is broad!In addition to product quality, it also includes work quality.Quality management should not only manage the quality of the product itself, but also manage the work quality on which the quality is generated and formed, and focus on the work quality.
Quality positioning
Announce
edit
General statistical description of quality data
When developing and producing a product, the quality control level of the product is related to the product positioning, which is calledQuality positioning。 Quality is the main measure of products. The quality directly affects the competitiveness of enterprises' products in the market.Therefore, when developing and producing products, enterprises shouldmarket demandDetermine the quality level of the product according to the actual condition of the product.In terms of quality positioning, the quality ofMarginal benefit。That is, the marginal input of quality andMarginal revenueShould be equal.That is, flowersQuality improvementThe last dollar on the bank will receive the same value of income.
The general view is that the higher the product quality, the better the quality, the higher the value, but in fact, this view is not necessarily correct.High quality products are not necessarily popular in the market.Because high quality means high price.There are many consumers who want to buy products of lower quality but at lower prices.Japanese appliances are of high quality, but many Chinese still buy Chinese appliances. Although the quality of domestic appliances is lower than that of Japanese appliances, they are cheap.On the one hand, the quality measurement standard is difficult to quantify, even through somequality standardFor example, the ISO quality series certification shows that your product quality is higher than that of other enterprises, but in the market, especially the consumer's identity does not necessarily conform to these standards. Consumers' understanding of quality often has its own personal factors;
On the other hand, the market does not necessarily need high-quality productsRegional market, especiallydeveloping countryIn the market, consumers tend to prefer quality at a certain level, but the priceCheaperProducts.
