Musca（Genitive: Muscae/English: The Fly/Abbreviation: Mus) is one of the constellations in the southern sky, originally calledAphida(Apis the Bee), until the 18th centuryLakayI named it Musca.It is located inSouthern crossandCentaurTo the south,Chameleonto the north of,Ship baseAndCompass holderBetweenthe galaxyin
Musca（LatinMusca) is a small constellation in the deep space of the southern sky, far from the ecliptic in the southern sky. It was founded by Dutch astronomer Petrus Plancius according to Dutch navigators Peter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de HoutmanAstronomical observationThe constellation created as a result was first reported on a globe with a diameter of 35 cm made by Pranhius and Jodakus Hundius in 1597 (or 1598). It was originally called Apis, and it didn't evolve intoMusca。stayNorthern Hemisphere, this constellation is located inhorizonfollowing.
Observation characteristics
The position of the constellation Musca is very easy to distinguish. It is located inSouthern crossandCentaurTo the south, north of LepidopteraShip baseandCompass holderBetweenthe galaxyMedium“Coalsack Nebula ”Just at the junction of Musca, Southern Cross and Centaurus[1]It can be seen in the area between+10 ° and - 90 °.Musca reached its peak at 22:00 in April and May, and reached its midnight peak at the end of March.
Name Source
"North Flies" corresponding to "South Flies"
In fact, Musca was originally called Apis the Bee, a Dutch navigatorPeter Kotherick Frederick de HautmannDiscovered in 1590, Germany in 1603Amateur astronomerBayerIt was named Apis, and later it was named Yi andCelestial SwallowIn 1763, French astronomer Lakay changed it toMusca australis, and the northern fly in the northern sky（North Muscabe locatedAriesIn response, the northern constellation of Musca was canceled and changed to Musca, but perhaps because bees were cute, this constellation was still a cute bee until 1801.
Musca light blue 2.7, etcBrightest starThe binary stars and the fourth class stars are like a pair of bright little eyes of a bee. They shine together and are very cute, which is why they get their name.
Research History
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Musca has been called Apis for 200 years.
Musca isNetherlandsAstronomer Petrus Planseus was founded by Dutch navigators Peter Dekker Kaiser and Frederick de Hautmann based on observations of the southern sky12 constellationsone of.In 1598, in Hautmann's southern celestial catalog, the constellationDutchNamedDe Vlieghe, namely flies.There are four stars in the constellationMalayandMalagasyIt is named as "fly" head, that isMuscaβ，One star is the "fly" body, that isMuscaγ，Muscaα and δ are the left and right wings of the "fly" respectively.MuscaIt was first reported that a 35 cm diameterCelestial sphereOn, but not named.In 1603, German astronomerJohann Bayer MadeGeodetic chartReported this constellation, this isMuscaIt first appeared on the sky chart, and Bayer named itApis, namely bees.The name has been around for two centuries.Produced by William Blau in 1603celestial sphereDescribe it as a nearbyChameleonSnappedinsect。
French astronomerNicolas Louis de Lacaille In his activity star map of the southern sky published in 1756, he called this constellationla Mouche, namely flies.thisFrenchThe name was followed by the sky map published by Jean Nicolas Fortin in 1776. In 1763,LakayLatinize this name toMusca Australis, that is, the southern fly.Since 1763, it has been calledMusca。This is the only constellation named after insects.
Musca alpha（Bee Three）: This star actually consists of a star with a grade of+2.7Primary star+12.8companionComposition, 29.6 stars apartsecond。Visible to the naked eye as a whole,wathet。
Musca beta（Bee One）: This is a compact binary star with a magnitude of+3.05, and the two sub stars (3.7 and 4.0) are 1.6 arc seconds apart.[1]
LakayIn his map of the southern sky published in 1756, he drew and named 10 stars according toBayer designation , named α - κ of Musca.HisCatalogueIt has incorporated Musca lambda and Musca μ, but it is believed that they are located inConstellationOutside without naming.British astronomerFrancis Baily Put them underMusca, American astronomer Benjamin APSOP Gould named it after Bayer.Bailey thought that κ was too dark to be named. Instead, he removed it and named the two adjacent stars Zeta1 and Zeta2 respectively. The two stars were 1 ° apart. This distance should not share the same Bayer name.Lakay initially named the darker star ζ, while Bailey thought that the brighter star should be named ζ. Bailey didn't want to cancel the name of Karay, so he named both stars ζ.
The pattern of the brightest stars in the constellation Musca is like a bowl with a handle, similar toUrsa MinorPattern.
Bee ThreeAdjacentSouthern crossCross II310 light years south southeastflySeatThe brightest star, with a magnitude of+2.7, is a blue white star. Its spectral type is B2IV-V, its luminosity is 4520 times that of the sun, and its mass is 8 times that of the sun.The star is aCepheus beta variable, the diameter is 4.7 times of the sun's diameter, pulsating once every 2.2 hours, and the brightness changes about 1%.There is a star with+13 star magnitude nearby, and it is not sure whether it is a companion star.Muscaγ（Bee 2）It is the tail of a fly. It is a blue white star. The spectral type is B5V. The magnitude changes between 3.84 and 3.86. The cycle is 2.7 daysSkyboatAdd six variable stars, a kind of slowPulsating variable star。MuscaThe mass of γ is about five times that of the sun.
Bee 1Two B-typeMain sequence starConstituentbinary star , about 341 light years away from the earth, and the spectral types are B2V and B3V respectively,Orbital periodIn 194, the quality isSolar massThe diameter is 3.5 times the diameter of the sun.Muscaζ is an A-type main sequence star, whose spectral types are A5V respectively, about 330 light-years away from the Earth.The star is oneTriadThe bright stars in the system are 0.5 and 32.4 arc seconds away from the darker two companion stars, respectively.Muscaη is a multi star system composed of two main starsEclipsing binary systemThe combined spectral type is B8V, the star magnitude is 4.77, and it decreases by 0.05 every 2.39 days.
Muscaδ（Bee IV）And ε are the left and right wings of flies respectively, with magnitude of 3.62, δ is the orange giant, spectral type of K2III, 91 light-years away from the earth.Musca epsilonbyRed Giant, spectral type is M5IIISemiregular variable starThe magnitude varies between 3.99 and 4.31 in approximately 40 days.The star's mass was 1.5 to 2 times of the sun's mass at first. By 2014, its diameter had expanded to 130 times of the sun's diameter, and its luminosity was 1800 to 2300 times of the sun's.Further to the northwestMuscaμ，This is an orange giant star with spectrum type K4III, which is slowly changing and irregularVariable starThe magnitude varies between 4.71 and 4.76.Muscaλ（Haishan VI）OnMuscaNear μ, it is the third brightest star in the constellation. It is a type A main sequence star with a spectral type of A7V, about 128 light-years from the Earth.
Musca R is located near Musca alpha, which is a classical Cepheid variable star. The magnitude variation range is 5.93 to 6.73 every 7.5 days, which is yellow and whiteSupergiant，Stellar spectrumThe type range is between F7Ib and G2Ib,MuscaR andMuscaThe α distance is about 2037 light years.MuscaSo is SClassical Cepheid VariableAnd yellow and white supergiant stars, the stellar spectral types range between F6Ib and G0Ib, and the magnitude variation range is 5.89 to 6.49 every 9.66 days.This isKonductraThe bright star in the system has a mass of 5.9 times that of the sun. The companion star is a blue and white main sequence star. The spectral type range may be between B3V and B5V, and the mass is slightly higher than 5 times that of the sun. It is one of the hottest and brightest companion stars of Cepheid variables known.The orbital period of the binary star is 505 days.
Musca θbySamsung system, about 7500 light-years from the earth.The Samsung system consists of aSpectroscopicDouble star system and oneBlue supergiant(spectral type is O9.5/B0Iab).The binary star system is composed of a Wolf Rayet star (spectral type WC5 or 6) and an O-type main sequence star (spectral type O6 or O7), with an orbital period of 19 days and a distance of 46 from another blue supergiantMilliradian。It is estimated that the distance between the two stars is about 0.5Astronomical unit(AU), the distance between the blue supergiant and the binary star is about 100 astronomical units.These three stars are very bright, and the total brightness may exceed 1 million times that of the sun.MuscaTU is a binary star system composed of two hot blue main sequence stars with high brightness. The two stars are about 15500 light-years apart. Their spectral types are O7.5V and O9.5V, respectively, and their masses are 23 and 15 times that of the sun.The two stars are very closeConnected binariesWhen they cover each other, their light will change when viewed from the earth, and they are classified asLyra beta variable。The magnitude variation period is about 1.4 days, ranging from 8.17 to 8.75.
Musca GQ is aWhite dwarfAnd a solar mass of 10%Small starThe orbital period of the binary star system is 1.4 hours.White dwarf passes throughAccretion diskThe material that absorbs the companion star.When the absorbed material accumulates to a certain extentSupernova explosionIn 1983, the star had a supernova explosion with magnitude of 7.2.On January 18, 1983, the magnitude reached 7.1, and it was detected thatX-rayThis is the first time in the history of astronomy.Soft X-rayTemporary source(English:softX-ray transient) GRS 1124-683 is a dualsphere systems , by a starMuscaGU is composed of a black hole about 6 times the mass of the sun.MuscaGU is an orange main sequence star with spectrum type of K3V – K4V.In 1991, it was observed due to a supernova explosion, and its radiation came frompositronAnnihilation process.MuscaGR is a system composed ofneutron starConstituentX-ray source, whose mass is 1.2 to 1.8 times that of the sun.MuscaSY is aSymbiotic variableThe system is composed of a red giant star and a white dwarf star. Although the larger one transfers mass to the smaller one, there is no periodic supernova explosion and accretion disk formation.ThisStellar systemEvery 624.5 days, the magnitude changes from 10.2 to 12.7.
HD 111232 is a yellowMain prefaceStar, with a mass of about 78% of the sun's mass, is a three-star system, about 95 light-years away from the earth. It has a planet HD 111232 b, with a mass of aboutJupiter6.8 times the mass,Revolution periodAbout 1143 days.HD 112410 is aHuang JuxingThe spectral type is G8III, which is about 439 light-years away from the earth.HD 112410 has a mass about 1.54 times that of the sun and is cooling along theRed Giant BranchExpansion.HD 112410 has oneSubstellar companion, the mass is about 9.2 times that of Jupiter, the orbital period is 124.6 days, and the distance from Earth is about 0.57 AU.HD 100546 is a young blue whiteHebig Ae/Be starThe spectral type is B9V, and the main sequence is to be determined, which is about 320 light-years away from the Earth.There is a debris disk around 0.2 to 4 AU away from the star, and there is another circle of debris disk beyond 13 AU to hundreds of AU, with signs of the formation of a protoplanet at 47 AU.There is a gap between 4 and 13AUMegaplanets, whose mass is about 20 times that of Jupiter. Some studies also believe that this may be a more massive object, such asBrown dwarf, not planets.LP 145-141 is a white dwarf starsolar system15 light years, the fourth nearest white dwarf star in the solar system.[2]
NGC 4833This is a fairly dense globular cluster, and its brightest star can be seen with a 4-inch (10cm) telescope.Its magnitude is+7 and it is 18000 light years away from Earth.
