synonymfta (Free trade zone) generally refers to free trade zone
free tradeFree Trade Area refers to signingfree trade agreement [1]The member states ofmerchandise trade Tariff andQuantity limitSo that goods canfree flow An area of.However, all member states still maintain their commitment to non member statesimportRestriction policy of.Some free trade zones only apply to some commoditiesfree trade, such as“European Free Trade Association”Domestic free trade goods are limited to industrial products, not agricultural products.This kind of free trade zone is called "industrial free trade zone".Some free trade zones implement free trade for all commodities, such as“Latin American Free Trade Association"And“North American Free Trade Area”The trade of all industrial and agricultural products in the region will be exempted from tariffs and quantitative restrictions.[2]
Free trade area refers to two or more countries or independent tariff areasWorld Trade OrganizationThe trade zone formed by signing free trade agreements.[22]
A free trade area refers to a specific trade area designated by a country or independent customs territory within its own country or region.In this region, special preferential tax and regulatory policies will be given to foreign countries or other regions independently.[22]
Chinese name
Free Trade Park
Foreign name
Free Trade Area[3]
Nature
Economic aspects
Role
Promote common development and realize complementary economic advantages
February 18, 1973, InternationalCustoms Cooperation CouncilIn JapankyotoSigned《Kyoto Convention 》(The full name is the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Systems).According to the interpretation of the Kyoto Convention: "Free Zone refers to a part of the territory of a Contracting Party, and any goods entering this part are generally regarded as being in theCustoms territoryAnd exempt from the usualCustoms supervisionmeasures.Some countries also use other terms, such as free port, free warehouse, etc. "
The United States Tariff Commission defines a free trade area as:Re exportIn terms of tariff exemptionimportNo inflowdomestic marketIndependent blockade areas that can be exempted from customs duties.Another type of free trade zoneOfficial interpretationMeans two or more countries (including independent tariff areas) according to WTO（World Trade Organization）To achieve mutualliberalization of tradeFree Trade Agreement: FTAfree trade agreement ）The region formed by the contracting parties of.This regional arrangement not only includes the liberalization of trade in goods, but also involves trade in services, investment, government procurementIntellectual property protection, standardization and other areas of mutual commitment are the means for a country to implement multilateral and bilateral cooperation strategies.
Cause
Announce
edit
The emergence and development of free trade zones have profound historical, economic, political and cultural reasons.
modern
British implementationfreedom of tradePolicy.From the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, Britain completedThe first industrial revolution, experienced several seriouseconomic crisis, established a globalColonial system, forming a British dominatedworld market, instead of promotingFree trade policy。British expansionAsiaandAfricaThe market requires all countries to open their trade and investment markets;The first Opium War was launched in 1840 togunboat policyForcing China to open ports for trade;Issued to the United States, Germany and other countriesexport creditEncourage countries to buy British locomotives, ships and equipment and protect overseas investment.Britain was abolished in 1846《Cereal law》, exemption of agricultural productsImport tariff；In 1853, the colonial market was opened and the privileged trading company was dissolved;Abolished in 1854navigation acts, freedom of navigation;Reform in 1859Tariff system, gradually abolish import tariffsexport duty；In 1860, the colonialTrade monopolyBritain and France signed a free trade treaty, which includes shipping, investment, trade and other contents. Later, Britain and Italy, Britain and the Netherlands, Britain and Germany and other free trade treaties will be provided to each otherMost favored nation treatment。British freedomtrade policyCompared with the monopoly trade policy, it is easier for countries tocolonial countryAccept that the past unequal trade has increased the element of equality, and the trade policies of all countries have gradually shifted from confrontation to inclusiveness,free tradeBecome a trend.
1. AndMultilateral trading systemIn contrast, countries in the region are easy to reach agreements on free trade areas and produce results.At the same time, most of the existing free trade zones are fruitful, which has also stimulated more countries to participate in free trade zones.
2. As far as regions or neighboring countries are concerned, free trade zones are conducive to further economic and trade cooperationGeopolitical advantage。The free trade zone between neighboring countries has convenient personnel exchanges and logisticsLanguage cultureSimilar, similar living habits and other favorable conditions.Therefore, neighboring countries and regions have more favorable conditions to expand and deepen economic cooperation to obtainMutual benefit and win-winThe effect ofmultilateral trading system The benefits should be more obvious.
3. While joining the multilateral cooperation mechanism, the conclusion of a free trade area is conducive to promoting theeconomic structureReform, so that more external forces can be used to promote domestic reform.
4. Recurrent in the 1990sRegionalThe lessons of the economic crisis have also prompted countries around the world to pay more attention to the institutionalization of regional economic cooperation.1997Southeast AsiaThe economic crisis has proved that among countries in the same region, crises tend to spread faster and interact more strongly.Therefore, strengthening intra regional economic and trade cooperation will not only help prevent new crises, but also contribute to the stable development of the world economy.[4]
Historical development
Announce
edit
CCTV News Pictures
Free trade zones developed from free ports.Usually located in or near the port area, especially in the economydeveloped countryMost, such as the United StatesForeign Trade Zone92.As early as the early 1950s, the United States proposed that manufacturing with export processing as the main goal could be developed in the free trade zone.In the late 1960s, some developing countries took advantage of this form and built special industrial zones, which developed intoExport processing zone。Since the 1980s, the free trade zones of many countries have developed into high-tech, knowledge and capital intensive areas, forming "science and technology based free trade zones".
Opened in France in the 13th centuryMarseilleThe port is a free trade zone.In 1547, Italy officiallyGenoa BayOfLeghorn PortIt was named the first free port in the world.Later, in order to expand international trade, some European countries successivelyport cityOpen a free port.[5]
In the early 1950s, the United States proposed that manufacturing with export processing as the main goal could be developed in the free trade zone.
In the late 1960s, some developing countries also took advantage of this form and built it into a special industrial zone, which gradually developed into an export processing zone.
CCTV News Pictures
Since the 1980s, the free trade zones of many countries have developed into high-tech, knowledge-based andcapital-intensiveDevelop and form a "science and technology free trade zone".The number of free trade zones in the world has reached dozens, covering all continents, and is one of the main forms of regional economic integration.Among them,North American Free Trade AreaIt is also the largest free trade area in the world.OthersChina Europe Free Trade Zone, EU Latin America Free Trade Area, etc.
December 2007, ChinaTianjin Dongjiang Free Trade PortAfter Phase I closure,TianjinWillFree Trade Port AreaAs the future development direction,And proposeThe agenda of the meeting.In March 2008, the General Plan for Comprehensive Reform Experiment in Tianjin Binhai New Area, approved by the State Council of China, clearly stated that Dongjiang Free Trade Port Area should "carry out reform exploration to establish a free trade port area when conditions are ripe".Approved in 2011《Tianjin North International Shipping Center Core Functional Area Construction Scheme》And reaffirmed the goal of carrying out the reform and exploration of the free trade zone in Tianjin Dongjiang.At the end of 2012,TianjinThe second meeting of the 10th CPC Committee and the ten major tasks of Tianjin to promote a new round of development and opening up of Binhai New Area at the beginning of 2013 have all taken the construction of a free trade zone as the key work of Tianjin in 2013.Before June 2013,Tianjin Free Trade ZoneThe scheme shall be reported by Tianjin to the relevant departments of the central government of China.
CCTV News Pictures (2)
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China raised the construction of free trade zones as a national strategy, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to speed up the implementationFree Trade Zone Strategy。The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the implementation of the free trade zone strategy based on the surrounding areas and form a global network of high standard free trade zones.[6]The domestic and international environment for accelerating the implementation of the free trade zone strategy is to explore the ideas for China to accelerate the implementation of this strategy.Accurately graspeconomic globalizationNew trends and new requirements for China's opening up.
As of June 19, 2013, there are more than 1200 free trade zones in the world, including 425 in 15 developed countries, accounting for 35.4%;A total of 775 were established by 67 developing countries, accounting for 64.6%.
In late May 2013, Premier Li Keqiang of China was visitingSwitzerlandDuring this period, the two countries signed a preliminary agreement on free trade with Switzerland.
In the first half of 2013, the Ministry of Commerce and ChinaShanghai Municipal People's GovernmentTo be drafted in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council of China《China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade ZoneThe overall plan (draft) shall be submitted to the State Council of China for approval.On July 3, 2013, the executive meeting of the State Council of China discussed andAdopted in principleThe draft programme.
On April 13, 2018, Xi Jinping celebratedHainanAt the 30th Anniversary Meeting of the Provincial Office of the Special Economic Zone, it was solemnly announced that the CPC Central Committee decided to support the construction of Hainan IslandChina (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone。[11]
On October 16, 2018, the State Council issued the Decision of the State Council on Approving the Establishment ofChina (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade ZoneAnd the implementation scope isHainan IslandThe whole island.[12]
On November 15, 2020, China ledRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership AgreementThe signing ceremony was held by video, 15RCEPThe ministers of economy and trade of member states will formally sign the agreement at the ceremony[4]。It indicates that the world has the largest population, the largest economic and trade scaledevelopment potentialThe free trade zone officially set sail.[1]
On February 13, 2024 local time, President Teben of Algeria announced that his country would start to establish a free trade zone with five neighboring countries, including Mauritania, Tunisia, Libya, Mali and Niger, in 2024。[25]
basic function
Announce
edit
Foreign ships are allowed to enter and leave the free trade zone freely. Foreign goods are imported duty-freeImported goodsThe quota control ofFreeportIt is a special functional area for a country to open to the outside world.
free tradeIn addition to most of the characteristics of a free port, the zone can also attract foreign capital to set up factories, develop export processing enterprises, and allow and encourage foreign capital to set up large commercial enterprises and financial institutions to promote the comprehensive and comprehensive development of the economy in the zone.The limitation of free trade area is that it will lead toCommodity flowDistortion and tax avoidance.If no other measures are taken as a supplement, the third country is likely to transport the goods to the member countries with low trade barriers first, and then to the countries with high trade barrierstrade barrierMember States.In order to avoid such distortions in the flow of goods, the Free Trade Area Organization has formulated“Principle of origin”It stipulates that only the "products of origin" of the member countries of the Free Trade Area can enjoy the free trade treatment granted by the member countries.In theory, the value of all manufactured products produced in member countries accounts forProduct valueWhen the total amount is more than 50%, the product shall be regarded as the product of origin.Generally speaking, the more the third country imports compete with the products produced by the member countries of the free trade area, the higher the added value content of the domestic products of the member countries.The meaning of the principle of origin indicates that the free trade area has a certain impact on non member countriesexclusiveness。Typical free trade zones in reality are as followsNorth American Free Trade Area（North AmericaFree Trade Area）。
main features
Announce
edit
With the development of time, the development of free trade zones gradually presents the following characteristics:
Increasing number
The most typical is the United StatesForeign Trade ZoneThe rapid growth of.At the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s, the position of the United States in the global economy began to decline. At the same time,Depreciation of the dollar，UnemploymentIncrease.In this case, in order to stimulate the development of foreign trade, states have set up foreign trade zones.By 1980, the number of free trade zones in the United States had increased to 77. By the end of 1994, there were 199 free trade zones, 285 trade zones, and 484 in total.
Function tends to be comprehensive
With the continuous growth of the number of free trade zones, the functions of free trade zones are also expanding.Since the 1970sImport and export tradeThe main free trade zones and the export processing based free trade zones have begun to integrate with each other, and the functions of free trade zones tend to be comprehensive.Raw materials, spare parts, semi-finished products and finished products can be freely imported and exported in the zoneEntrepot trade、Bonded warehousing 、Commodity exhibition, manufacturing, disassembly, modification, labeling, classification, mixed processing with other goods and other commercial activities.Therefore, most free trade zones in the world usually have multiple functions, such as import and export trade, entrepot trade, warehousing, processing, commodity display, finance, etc. These functions will greatly improve theoperating efficiency andRisk resistance。
Management is constantly strengthened
Free trade zones in various countries have different conditions, functions and management levels at their inception. However, after decades of competitive development, the management of free trade zones in various countries has gradually become standardized.And with the progress of science and technology, the infrastructure andManagement meansThey have also been greatly improved, forming their own distinctivemanagement system。
The four major free trade zones in the world are:The United Arab EmiratesDubai PortFree port area, GermanyHamburg PortFree port area, the United StatesPort of New YorkFree Trade ZoneNetherlandsPort of Amsterdam Free Trade Zone.The four countries have roughly the same authorization for the management organization of the free trade zone, which is the integration of ports and zonesfederal governmentThe authorized specialized agency is responsible for managing and coordinating the overall affairs of the free trade zone, investing in the construction of necessary infrastructure, and has the authority to approveProject initiation。Especially focusing on the relationship between free trade area andurban function Mutual promotion, overall planning and construction ahead of schedule, which is very distinctive and effective, has driven the economic development of surrounding cities, especially in finance, insurance, commerce, intermediary, etcthe service sector; the tertiary industrySignificant achievements have been made in development.
classification
Announce
edit
By nature
In terms of nature, free trade zones can be divided into: commerceFree zoneandindustrial free zone。The former does not allow unpacking, retailing, processing and manufacturing of goods;The latter allows duty-free import of raw materials, components and auxiliary materials, and designated processingOperation areaProcessing and manufacturing.
By function
Entrepot free trade zone
In terms of function, the function of the World Free Trade Area is set according togeographic conditionsandImport and export tradeIs determined according to the flow rate at home and abroadeconomic situationAdjustment and development.The main types are as follows:
This type of free trade zone is mainly engaged in processingEntrepot tradeInternational trade, warehousing and transportation services are supplemented.for exampleNigeriaFree Trade Zone.
The establishment of a free trade zone will inevitably lead toTrade diversion。Sign multiple contracts at different timesfree trade agreement It will make the trade transfer more complicated. Due to the different entry into force time, transition period, content of preferential arrangementsComparative advantageDifferent, trade transfer may occur repeatedly.Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate variousbilateral tradePolicies to reducePreferential trade arrangementLosses incurred.
Tariff system
1. The scope of immediate duty-free goods continues to expand
Every newly signedFTAThe agreement will result in trade transfer and at the same timeTrade creationThese trade creation may correct the trade transfer caused by the previous FTA agreement. In order to make full use of this function of the new FTA agreement, it is necessary to coordinate the terms of each FTA agreement.
2. The transition period for tariff reduction is gradually shortened
The gradual shortening of the transition period for tariff reduction is also to use the new FTA agreement to correct the trade transfer caused by the previous FTA agreement.
Members of the Free Trade Area Agreementnet profitIt directly depends on the attitude of its external trade policy, andRegional integrationIn cooperation, the members shall adopt aOpennessExternal policy.In the case of high external tariffs, the relativePrice differenceWill be larger, thus causing moreTrade diversion。Multilateral liberalization can eliminate trade diversion and bring the greatestWelfare effect, therefore, by unilateral or bymultilateral trade negotiationsReducing external tariffs and transferring imports back to more efficient suppliers can limit trade transfers toMinimum。
Rules of origin
Established in the Free Trade ZoneRules of originIt is generally used to prevent "trade operation", that is, to prevent products originating in non member countries from being transported through members with low degree of protection to members with high degree of protection.In addition to bearing the cost of transshipment, trade transshipment is efficient in economics.However, trade transshipment hinders one FTA member from exporting products subject to trade transshipment to another member, and also damages theTariff structure。Therefore, free trade zones have formulated rules of origin to restrict trade transshipment.In addition to reducing trade transshipment, FTA rules of origin will also increase the inflow of capital outside the region and the use of local raw materials in production within the region, but this is inefficient in economics.In short, the stricter the rules of origin, the lower the efficiency.
1. Extensive cumulative system
Extensive accumulation system can use raw materials from more countries and regions for production, thus reducing trade transfer andInvestment transfer。The cumulative system of rules of origin stipulates which country to import fromInputCan be regarded asBeneficiary countryThe original product of.There are three types of accumulation methods: bilateral accumulation, diagonal accumulation and full accumulation.
2. Uniform and simplified rules of origin
Uniform rules of origin helpexporterAdjust production to make export products conform to the rules of origin, so as to avoid blindness in production and make its products easier to entertarget market。Uniform rules of origin can also save moneyNegotiation costAnd implementation costs.In the absence of uniform rules of origin in various free trade area agreements, it is easy for the government to formulate some rules of origin as a tool to implement trade protection measures according to local conditions, and under the uniform rules of origin, this behavior of the government is subject to certain constraints.
3. The protection of sensitive industries was gradually strengthened, and the rules of origin of non sensitive industries were gradually relaxed
In October 2003,NAFTAPartiesA proposal aimed at pursuing more liberal rules of origin was announced.
Service trade rules
General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS) as the firstservice tradeThe multilateral framework has greatly promoted the liberalization of global trade in services.stayUruguay RoundAfter that, the member parties made a further discussion on finance, telecommunications, maritime transport andMovement of natural personsA series of follow-up negotiations have been carried out by other service departments and methods, and so far all members are still implementing and digesting these commitments.Doha Round Since the beginning, with the exception of some countries that have significant interests and advantages in the export of service trade, most countries lack enthusiasm for a new round of negotiations.In order to promote the export of domestic service trade, the United States and the European Union have listed in their FTA agreementsLiberalization of trade in servicesThe breadth and depth of the provisions of GATS exceed the commitments of GATS.In order to protect the interests of foreign investors, the United States and the European Union have also included investment clauses in their FTA agreements.
Under most free trade agreements, the US and EU free trade zones have adopted a "negative list" approach to service trade liberalization. Except for the areas included in the reserved list, there are no trade restrictions on other service trade, and new service sectors are automatically included in the agreement.This approach is different from that of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, which adopts the listing approach.The "negative list approach" has effectively expanded the areas covered by the agreement and can generate greater trade creation.At the same time, the new service sectors are automatically incorporated into all free trade agreements at the same time, thus reducing trade transfer.
2. Adequate liquidity of funds
After the formation of a free trade area, the economies of the countries in the alliance have changed fromEquilibrium pointThe development to another equilibrium point will produceTransitionalThe cost of adjustment.In the short term, this cost may be very high, which is manifested in temporary unemployment andthroughputIdle, resulting inperiod of transitionLoss of benefits.After the end of the transition period, resources will be reallocated to better uses.Obviously, in theregional groupThe stronger the mobility of labor and capital among member countries, the smaller these transitional losses may be.
1. The purpose of the establishment of a free trade zone is to facilitate trade between the countries and regions constituting the free trade zone. Trade barriers shall not be higher or stricter than the general restrictions on tariffs and trade regulations imposed by the constituent countries and regions on the members not participating in the free trade zone when the free trade zone is not established.
2. If any member decides to join a free trade zone or sign provisional provisions for the establishment of a free trade zone, it shall have a plan and schedule for the establishment of a free trade zone within a reasonable period of time.
3. Any member decides to join the free trade zone or signs to establish the free trade zoneProvisional agreementShall notify all members in a timely manner, and shall provide them with information about the proposed free trade area, so that all members can consider and submit reports and suggestions to all members.If all members find that it is impossible for the parties to the agreement to form a free trade area within the proposed period, or consider the proposed period to be unreasonable, all members shall make suggestions to the parties to the agreement. If the parties to the agreement do not intend to amend the provisional provisions in accordance with these suggestions, the relevant agreement shall not be maintained or put into practice.
4. All members shall be notified of any important changes to the establishment plan or schedule of the free trade zone.If such a change would endanger or unduly delay the establishment of a free trade area, all members may request consultations with the members concerned.
5. The reasonable period of the interim agreement for the establishment of a free trade area can only exceed 10 years under special circumstances. When members of an agreement think that 10 years is not enough, they must provide the goods council with a complete explanation that requires a longer period of time.
6. The free trade zone should acceptWorld Trade OrganizationThe working group shall conduct inspection and make regular reports to the Council of the World Trade OrganizationAgreement executionReport of the situation.In today's world, the development of free trade zones is very rapid. The number of free trade zones in the world has reached dozens, covering all continentsregional economic integration One of the main forms of.Among them, NAFTA andASEAN Free Trade Area The North American Free Trade Area is also the largest free trade area in the world.Other free trade zonesChina Europe Free Trade Zone, EU——Latin AmericaFree trade zone, etc.In general, all countries in the world attach great importance to serving their own economic development by establishing and developing free trade zones, exceptAsiaApart from Japan and South Korea, almost all major trading countries in the world have participated in free trade zones, and some are members of several free trade zones.[13]
Main impacts
Announce
edit
The impact of free trade zones on the regional economy can be roughly divided into two categories:
The first category refers to the elimination of tariffs and trade between regional membersQuantity limitThe direct impact of the measures on the trade development of each member;
Development objectivesAccording to the free trade policy of the CPC Central Committee and the State CouncilTest areaThe requirements of "continue to actively and boldly make bold efforts, boldly try, and independently reform", "continue to explore and deeply cultivate the pilot area", and deepen and improve the negative list management as the coreInvestment management system, trade supervision system focusing on trade facilitationCapital Account Convertibility andFinancial servicesOpen financeInnovation system, withTransformation of government functionsThe system of supervision in the process and after the event, withinternational investment The system linking the general trade rulesInnovation systemAnd give full play to finance and trade, advanced manufacturingtechnological innovationAnd other key functional bearing areas, and strive to become the most open investment and trade facilitationCurrency ExchangeFree, efficient and convenient supervisionlegal environmentA standardized free trade park.
Strategic positioningRelying on Hong Kong and Macao, serving the mainland and facing the world, build the pilot free trade zone intoGuangdong, Hong Kong and MacaoDeep cooperation demonstration areaThe 21st Century Maritime Silk RoadAn important hub and a pioneer in the new round of reform and opening up.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform experiments, build internationalization, marketization and legalizationBusiness environment, BuildNew system of open economyTo realize the deep cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and MacaoInternational economic cooperationNew competitive advantages, and strive to build a free trade park that conforms to international high standards of legal environment, facilitates investment and trade, has prominent radiation and driving functions, and is safe and efficient in supervision.
Overall objectives.After three to five years of reform and exploration, the pilot free trade zone will be built intofreedom of tradeConvenient investment and high-endIndustrial agglomerationThe international first-class free trade park with perfect financial services, standardized legal environment, efficient and convenient supervision, and obvious radiation and driving effect, has coordinated development in Beijing Tianjin Hebei and Chinaeconomic transition Play an exemplary and leading role in development.
Strategic positioningFocusing on the strategic requirements of basing on the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, serving the country and facing the world, we should give full play to the advantages of reform first, create an international, market-oriented and legal business environment, and build the pilot free trade zone into aReform and innovationExperimental field;Give full play to the advantages of Taiwan, take the lead in promoting andTaiwanRegional investmentliberalization of tradeProcess to deepen the construction of the pilot free trade zoneCross Strait Economic CooperationDemonstration area;Give full play to the frontier advantages of opening up, build the core area of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and create a new highland of opening up and cooperation for countries and regions along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
Development objectivesAdhere to the combination of expanding opening up and deepening reform, functional cultivation and institutional innovation, accelerate the transformation of government functions, and establish a new system compatible with international investment and trade rules.Innovate cross-strait cooperation mechanism and promote various factors such as goods, services, funds and personnelfree flow , strengthen the economy of Fujian and TaiwanCorrelation degree。We will accelerate the formation of a new pattern of opening up at a higher level, and expand the depth and breadth of exchanges and cooperation with countries and regions along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.After three to five years of reform and exploration, we will strive to make investment and trade convenient, financial innovation prominentService systemPerfect free trade parks with efficient and convenient supervision and standard legal environment.
Functional divisionAccording to the regional layout, Pingtan areaKey constructionThe common home andinternational tourismTo implement more free and convenient measures in investment, trade and capital and personnel exchanges;Xiamen Area focuses on the construction of both banksEmerging industriesAnd modern service industry cooperation demonstration zone, Southeast International Shipping Center, cross-strait regional financial service center and cross-straitTrade Centre；Key construction in Fuzhou areaAdvanced manufacturingThe Base, an important platform for exchanges and cooperation between countries and regions along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and a demonstration zone for cross-strait service trade and financial innovation cooperation.
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, accelerate the reform of market oriented systems and mechanisms and actively promoteStructural adjustmentAnd strive to build the pilot free trade zone into an upgrade zoneNortheast old industrial baseDevelop a new engine for overall competitiveness and opening up.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we have formed an institutional innovation system that is linked to the general rules of international investment and trade, created a legal, international and convenient business environment, consolidated and enhanced the attraction to talent, capital and other elements, and worked hard to build high-end industrial clusters, investment and trade facilitation, perfect financial services, efficient and convenient supervisionLegal environmentStandardized high level and high standard free trade park, leadingNortheast Chinachangeeconomic development modeImprove the quality and level of economic development.
Strategic positioningWith system innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, the pilot free trade zone will be built intoEastern regionImportant maritime open portal demonstration areaInternational bulk commoditiesTrade liberalization pilot zone and resource allocation base with international influence.
Development objectivesAfter about three years of distinctive reform and exploration, it has basically realized the convenience of investment and trade, the agglomeration of high-end industries, the standardization of the legal environment, the improvement of financial services, the efficient and convenient supervision, and the prominent role of radiation and driving, with oil products as the coreBulk commoditiesThe global configuration capability has been significantly improved and connectedinternational standardPreliminary completionFree Trade Port AreaAdvance zone.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.95 square kilometers, consisting of land area and related oceansAnchorageIt consists of three areas:ZhoushanIslands 78.98 square kilometers (includingZhoushan Port Comprehensive Bonded ZoneBlock II 3.02 km2),Zhoushan IslandThe northern area is 15.62 square kilometers (including Zhoushan Port Comprehensive Bonded Zone - 2.83 square kilometers), Zhoushan IslandSouthern area25.35 square kilometers.
Functional divisionAccording to regional layout, ZhoushanOutlying islandsarea Yushan Island focuses on building a world-class green petrochemical base,Muranghu Island、Mount HuangzeIsland, Shuangzishan IslandQushan Island、Xiaoqushan Island, Majishan Island focuses on developing oil products and other large quantitiescommodity reserves, transit and trade industries, and marine anchorage to focus on the development of bonded fuel oil supply services;The northern part of Zhoushan Island focuses on developing large quantities of oil productsmerchandise trade Bonded fuel oil supply, petroleum and petrochemicalIndustrial supporting facilitiesequipmentBonded logistics , warehousing, manufacturing and other industries;Key development in the southern part of Zhoushan IslandBulk commodity tradingAviation manufacturing, parts logistics, R&D design and related supporting industries, constructionZhoushan Aviation Industrial ParkFocus on developing aquatic product tradeMarine tourism, seawater utilization, modern commerce and trade, financial services, shippinginformation consultation , high-tech and other industries.
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will accelerate the construction of a modern three-dimensional transportation system and modern logistics system connecting the north and south and the east and west, and build the pilot free trade zone into a modern service for the "Belt and Road" constructionComprehensive transportation hubPilot fields for comprehensive reform and opening up and inland open economy demonstration zones.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we have formed an institutional innovation system that is linked to the general rules of international investment and trade, created a legal, international and convenient business environment, and worked hard to build the pilot free trade zone into a high-level and high standard free trade park with convenient investment and trade, high-end industries, transportation and logistics, efficient and convenient supervision, and outstanding radiation and driving role,Lead the transformation and development of the inland economy and promote the construction of a new pattern of all-round opening up.
Scope of implementationThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.77 square kilometers, covering three areas:Zhengzhou73.17 square kilometers (including HenanZhengzhou Export Processing Zone0.89 square kilometers in Zone AHenan Bonded Logistics Center0.41 km2),KaifengThe area is 19.94 square kilometers,LuoyangThe area is 26.66 square kilometers.
Functional divisionAccording to the regional layout, Zhengzhou will focus on developmentIntelligent terminal、High end equipmentAnd automobile manufacturingBiomedicineAnd other advanced manufacturing industries, as well as modern logistics, international trade, cross-border e-commerce, modern financial servicesService outsourcing、Creative design, business exhibitions, animation games and other modern service industries are promoting the integrated development and investment of transportation and logisticsTrade facilitationPromote the systemMechanism innovation, creatingMultimodal transportInternational logistics center, giving play to the role of modern comprehensive transportation hub serving the "Belt and Road" construction;Kaifeng District focuses on developing service outsourcingMedical tourism, creative designCultural media, cultural finance, art transaction, modern logistics and other service industries, to improve equipment manufacturingProcessing of agricultural and sideline productsinternational co-operationAnd trade capacity, buildingInternational cultural tradeandHumanistic tourismCooperation platform to create service trade innovationDevelopment areaAnd cultural and creative industries opening up pilot areas to promote internationalCultural tourismIntegrated development;Luoyang District focuses on the development of high-end manufacturing industries such as equipment manufacturing, robots and new materials, as well as R&D and design, e-commerce, service outsourcing, international cultural tourismCultural creativity, cultural trade, cultural exhibition and other modern service industriesEquipment manufacturingTransformation and upgrading capacity and international capacityCooperation ability, build an internationalIntelligent manufacturingCooperation demonstration area, promoteInnovation Zone for Inheritance of Chinese Historical CivilizationConstruction.
Strategic positioningWith system innovation as the core, replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will base ourselves on the central region, radiate the whole country and go global, and strive to become an orderly central regionUndertake industrial transferDemonstration areas, strategic emerging industries and high-techIndustrial clusterA pilot field for comprehensive reform and opening up and a new highland for inland opening up.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we will connect with the international high standard investment and trade rules system, and strive to build a high-level and high standard free trade park with high-end industry agglomeration, active innovation and entrepreneurship, perfect financial services, efficient and convenient supervision, and outstanding radiation and driving roleThe strategy of the rise of central ChinaAnd advanceDevelopment of the Yangtze River Economic BeltPlay an exemplary role.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.96 square kilometers, covering three areas: Wuhan area of 70 square kilometers (includingWuhan East Lake Comprehensive Bonded Zone5.41 km2),Xiangyang21.99 square kilometers (including XiangyangBonded Logistics Center [Type B] 0.281 square kilometers),YichangThe area is 27.97 square kilometers.
Functional divisionAccording to the regional layout, Wuhan focuses on the development of new generation information technology, life health, intelligent manufacturing and other strategic emerging industries as well as international commerce, financial services, modern logistics, inspection and testing, research and development design, information servicesprofessional servicesAnd other modern service industries;Xiangyang District focuses on high-end equipment manufacturingNew energy vehicles, big data, cloud computing, commercial logistics, inspection and testing and other industries;Yichang District focuses on the development of advanced manufacturing, biomedicine, electronic information, new materials and other high-tech industries as well as R&D and designHeadquarters economy, e-commerce and other modern service industries.
Strategic positioningWith system innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the CPC Central Committee and the State Council's plan to give play to the important role of Chongqing's strategic fulcrum and connection point and expand the western regionGateway cityAs required by openness, we will strive to build the pilot free trade zone into the "Belt and Road" andYangtze River Economic BeltInterconnectionIt is an important hub and an important fulcrum of the western development strategy.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, efforts have been made to build a high-level and high standard free trade park with convenient investment and trade, high-end industry cluster, efficient and convenient supervision, perfect financial services, standardized legal environment, and outstanding radiation and driving role, and strive to build a free trade park that serves the construction of the "Belt and Road" and the development of the Yangtze River Economic BeltInternational logisticsHub and port highland to promote the construction of a gateway city in the western regionAll directional openingThe new pattern will drive the in-depth implementation of the strategy of the Western Development.
Functional divisionDivided by regional layout, Liangjiang District focuses on buildingHigh end industryWith the high-end element cluster area, focus on the development of high-end equipment, electronic core components, cloud computing, biomedicine and other emerging industries, as well as modern service industries such as headquarters trade, service trade, e-commerce, exhibition trade, warehousing distribution, professional services, financial leasing, research and development design, promote the opening and innovation of the financial industry, accelerate the implementation of innovation driven development strategy, and enhance logistics, technologyAgglomeration and radiation capacity of capital, talents and other essential resources;Xiyong District focuses on buildingimprovement tradeThe transformation and upgrading demonstration area focuses on the development of electronic informationIntelligent equipmentAnd other manufacturing industries and productive service industries such as bonded logistics transit distribution, optimizing processing tradeDevelopment mode；Orchard port area focuses on building multimodal transport logisticsTransshipment centerWe will focus on developing services such as international transit, pooling and distribution, and explore innovative development of advanced manufacturing.
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, the pilot free trade zone will be built into a leading area for the development and opening up of western gateway cities, inland, based on the inland, linking the east with the west, serving the country and facing the worldOpening strategySupport belt pilot area, international open channel hub area, inlandOpen economyNew highland, inland, coastal, border and riverside collaborative opening demonstration area.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we will strive to build a standardized legal environment, facilitate investment and tradeElements of innovationHigh level and high standard free trade parks with agglomeration, efficient and convenient supervision, and remarkable synergistic opening effect are being builtInland open economic highlandWe will play an exemplary role in furthering the Western Development and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.99 square kilometers, covering three areas: ChengduTianfu New Area90.32 square kilometers (includingChengdu High tech Comprehensive Bonded ZoneBlock IV 〔Double flowPark] 4 square kilometers, ChengduairportBonded Logistics Center [Type B] 0.09 square kilometers), Chengdu Qingbaijiang Railway Port Area 9.68 square kilometers (including Chengdu Railway Bonded Logistics Center [Type B] 0.18 square kilometers),Southern SichuanPort area 19.99 square kilometers (includingLuzhou Port Bonded Logistics Center[Type B] 0.21 square kilometers).
Functional divisionAccording to the regional layout, Chengdu Tianfu New Area focuses on the development of modern services, high-end manufacturing, high-techairport economy , port services and other industries, building a national important modern high-end industry clusterInnovation driven development leading areaOpen financeIndustrial innovationHighland, commercial logistics center and internationalityAviation hubTo build an open highland for gateway cities in the western region;Key Development Points of Chengdu Qingbaijiang Railway Port AreaInternational commodityCollecting and distributing transportation, distribution display, bonded logistics warehousingInternational freight forwarder, vehicle import, featured finance and other port service industries, and information services, science and technology services, exhibition services and other modern service industries to build an inland regionUnicomSilk Road Economic BeltIt is an important fulcrum of the westward international trade corridor;South Sichuan Port Area focuses on the development of shipping logisticsPort trade, education, medical care and other modern service industries, as well as equipment manufacturingModern medicine, food and beverage and other advanced manufacturing and characteristicsAdvantageous industryTo become an important regional comprehensive transportation hub andChengdu Chongqing Urban AgglomerationSouthboundIt is an important portal for opening and radiating Yunnan and Guizhou.
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to better play the driving role of the "Belt and Road" construction in the western development and increase the opening of gateway cities in the western region, and strive to build the pilot free trade zone into a pilot field of comprehensive reform and opening up, a new highland of inland reform and opening up, and the "Belt and Road"An important fulcrum for economic cooperation and people to people and cultural exchanges.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we have formed an institutional innovation system that connects with the general rules of international investment and trade, created a legal, international and convenient business environment, and worked hard to build a convenient and high-end investment and tradeIndustrial agglomerationA high-level and high standard free trade park with perfect financial services, in-depth people to people and cultural exchanges, efficient and convenient supervision, and standardized legal environment promotes the in-depth implementation of the "Belt and Road" construction and the western development strategy.
Functional divisionAccording to the regional layout, the central area of the pilot free trade zone focuses on the development of strategic emerging industries andHigh tech industryFocus on the development of high-end manufacturing, aviation logisticsTrade FinanceAnd other industries, promote the construction of the service trade promotion system, expand the depth and breadth of people to people exchanges in science and technology, education, culture, tourism, health care and other fields, and create a high-end industrial highland and people to people exchanges highland for the "Belt and Road";Xi'an International Port Area focuses on the development of international trade, modern logistics, financial servicesTourism exhibition, e-commerce and other industries, building the "Belt and Road" international transit inland hub port, open financial industry innovation highland andEurasianNew platform for trade and people to people and cultural exchanges and cooperation;At the end of Yangling Demonstration AreaAgricultural science and technology innovationFocus on demonstration and promotion, and build the "Belt and Road" modern agriculture international cooperation center by comprehensively expanding international cooperation and exchanges in the agricultural field.
Development objectivesBenchmark international advanced rules, continue to deepen reform and exploration, and promote high-level openingHigh quality developmentAnd accelerate the establishment of an open typeecotypeService oriented industrial system.By 2020, important progress will be made in the construction of the pilot free trade zone, international openness will be significantly improved, and efforts will be made to build a convenient investment and trade, a standardized legal environment, perfect financial services, safe and efficient supervisionEcological environment qualityHigh standard and high-quality free trade pilot zone with first-class and outstanding radiating and driving effects, to gradually explore and steadily promoteHainan Free Trade PortBuild in steps and stagesFree Trade PortThe policy system has laid a solid foundation.[14]
Functional divisionAccording to the requirements of the overall plan of Hainan Province, Hainan Island should be scientifically arranged with the development of tourism, modern service industry and high-tech industry as the leading roleIndustrial layout。Add special customs supervision areas according to development needs, carry out institutional innovation in special customs supervision areas with investment and trade liberalization and facilitation as the main content, and mainly carry out international investment and trade, bonded logistics, bonded maintenance and other businesses.Add in SanyaCustoms supervisionIsolate areas and carry out global flora and faunagermplasm resource Introduction and transit business.[14]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the central government's in-depth implementation planInnovation drivenDevelop and promote Beijing Tianjin Hebei synergydevelopment strategy And other requirements to help build a science and technology innovation center with global influence, accelerate the building of a pilot area for expanding the opening up of the service industryDigital economyThe pilot area focuses on building a high-level opening platform for the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
Development objectivesGive greater reform to the pilot free trade zoneAutonomyAnd carry out in-depth differentiated exploration.Benchmark international advanced rules, increase openness, and carry out rules, regulations, management, standards, etcInstitutional openness。After three to five years of reform and explorationOriginal innovation, technological innovation, open innovation, collaborative innovationSuperiorityTo form more internationally competitiveSystem innovation achievementsTo accumulate practical experience for further opening up and strive to buildTrade and investmentConvenient, excellent business environment, first-class innovation ecology, high-end industry cluster, perfect financial servicesinternational economy High standard and high-quality free trade parks with active exchanges, safe and efficient supervision, and outstanding radiation and driving role.Strengthening the reform of the pilot free trade zoneBeijingThe linkage of municipal reform, and the conditions for various reform pilot tasks areZhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration ZoneFully implemented, and graduallyBeijingPromotion test.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.68 square kilometers, covering three areas: 31.85 square kilometers of scientific and technological innovation area, and 48.34 square kilometers of international business service area (includingBeijing Tianzhu Comprehensive Bonded Zone5.466 square kilometers), and 39.49 square kilometers of high-end industrial area.
Functional divisionScience and technology innovation area focuses on the development of new generation information technology, biology and health, science and technology services and other industries, creating a digital economy pilot zone and global entrepreneurshipInvestment Center、Science and technology system reformPilot demonstration area;Key development of international business service areaDigital trade, culture and trade, business exhibition, medical and health care, international delivery logistics, cross-border finance and other industries, to build a pilot demonstration area for airport economic innovation;The high-end industry area focuses on the development of business servicesinternational finance, cultural creativity, biotechnology andGreat healthAnd other industries, constructionScientific and technological achievementsTransform the bearing area, strategic emerging industry cluster and international high-end functional institutions cluster.[15]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, fully implement the central government's requirements on accelerating the construction of a manufacturing power and implementing the strategy of the rise of the central regionEastern coastal areaandCentral and western regionsTransition zone, the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Coastal Open Economic Beltlocation advantage And strive to create world-classAdvanced manufacturing cluster, connecting the Yangtze River Economic Belt andGuangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay AreaInternational investment and trade corridorCentral AfricanA pilot zone for in-depth economic and trade cooperation and a new highland for inland opening up.
Development objectivesGive the pilot free trade zone greater reform autonomy and carry out in-depth differentiated exploration.Benchmarking against international advanced rules, we will increase openness and carry out institutional opening of rules, regulations, management and standards.After three to five years of reform and exploration, more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements have been formed, practical experience has been accumulated for further opening up, high-quality development of advanced manufacturing industry has been promoted, and key areas have been upgradedinnovation abilityAnd level, formingChina Africa economic and trade cooperationNew path and new mechanism, strive to build a high standard and high-quality free trade park with convenient trade and investment, optimized industrial layout, perfect financial services, safe and efficient supervision, and outstanding radiation and driving role.
Functional divisionChangsha will focus on the construction of the "Belt and Road", highlight the airport economy, and focus on the development of high-end equipment manufacturing, new generation information technology, biomedicine, e-commerceAgricultural science and technologyAnd other industries to build the worldHigh end equipment manufacturing industryBase, high-end modern service industry center in inland areas, pilot area for in-depth economic and trade cooperation between China and AfricaRise of Central ChinaGrowth pole。Yueyang District focuses on docking with the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, highlightingPort economyFocus on the development of shipping logistics, e-commerce, new generation information technology and other industries, and build a comprehensive shipping logistics center in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and an inland port economic demonstration zone.Key docking in Chenzhou areaConstruction of Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay AreaHighlight the direct connection between Hunan, Hong Kong and Macao, and focus on the development of non-ferrous metalsMetalworking, modern logistics and other industries, and build an important platform for inland regions to undertake industrial transfer and transformation and upgrading of processing trade, as well as a demonstration zone for cooperation between Hunan, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.[15]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the central government's plan to deeply implement innovation driven development and promoteChangjiang deltaregionIntegrated development strategyAnd other requirements, play an important role in promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road" and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and the development of the real economy, and accelerate the promotion of scientific and technological innovationPlace of originConstruction, advanced manufacturing industry and strategic emerging industry cluster development, forming a new highland of inland opening up.
Development objectivesGive the pilot free trade zone greater reform autonomy and carry out in-depth differentiated exploration.Benchmarking against international advanced rules, we will increase openness and carry out institutional opening of rules, regulations, management and standards.After three to five years of reform and exploration, more institutional innovations with international competitiveness have been formed, practical experience has been accumulated for further opening up, and scientific and technological innovation, industrial innovationEnterprise innovation、Product innovation、Market innovationPromote the opening of large channels and platformsGeneral clearanceWe will strive to build a high standard and high-quality free trade park that is convenient for trade and investment, active and strong in innovation, concentrated in high-end industries, perfect in financial services, safe and efficient in supervision, and has a prominent role in radiation and driving.
Functional divisionHefei District focuses on high-end manufacturingIntegrated circuit, artificial intelligence, new displayQuantum information、Science and technology finance, cross-border e-commerce and other industries to create a globalComprehensive National Science CenterAnd the leading area of industrial innovation center.Key development in Wuhu areaIntelligent Connected Vehicle, smart home appliances, aviation, robots, shipping services, cross-border e-commerce and other industries, to build a strategic emerging industry pilot zoneRiver sea combined transportInternational logistics hub area.Bengbu District focuses on the development of new silicon based materials, new bio based materials, new energy and other industries, to build a world-class silicon based and bio based manufacturing centerNorthern AnhuiRegional leading area for scientific and technological innovation and open development.[15]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, comprehensively implement the central government's plan on strengthening the economysocial developmentInnovationTransformation of economic development mode and constructionMaritime powerTo accelerate the transformation and development of new and old development driversmarine economyAnd form a new highland for opening up.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, benchmarking with international advanced rules, more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements have been formed, and the quality, efficiency and power of economic development have been promoted. Efforts have been made to build a high standard and quality free trade park with convenient trade and investment, perfect financial services, safe and efficient supervision, and outstanding radiation belt operations.
Functional divisionJinan area focuses on the development of artificial intelligenceIndustrial finance, health careculture industry, information technology and other industries, carry out comprehensive pilot tests of the new open economy system, and build an important regionaleconomic centerLogistics Center and Science and Technology Innovation Center;Qingdao focuses on the development of modern marine, international trade, shipping logistics, modern finance, advanced manufacturing and other industries to build an international shipping hub in Northeast Asia, an important innovation center in the eastern coastMarine Economic Development Demonstration AreaTo help Qingdao become an important coastal city in Chinakey city；Yantai area focuses on the development of high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials, new generation information technologyEnergy saving and environmental protection, biomedicine and producer services, building a leading area for trade and investment cooperation between China and South Korea, a marine intelligent manufacturing base, national scientific and technological achievements andInternational technology transferTransformation demonstration area.[21]
Strategic positioningWith system innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the central government's plan on deepeningIndustrial structure adjustmentDeeply implement the requirements of the innovation driven development strategy, promote all-round and high-level opening up, accelerate the construction of the intersection of the "Belt and Road", and strive to create an open economic development pilot zoneReal economyInnovative development andDemonstration area for industrial transformation and upgrading。
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we have standardized on international advanced rules to form more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements, promote the quality, efficiency and power changes of economic development, and strive to build a high standard and quality free trade park with convenient trade and investment, high-end industry agglomeration, perfect financial services, safe and efficient supervision, and outstanding radiation and driving role.
The land development and utilization of the pilot free trade zone must comply with the laws and regulations on land use, ecological environment protection, urban and rural planning, the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, and the relevant requirements for economical and intensive land use;Those involving the sea shall comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of the Use of Sea Areas, the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, etc.
Functional divisionNanjing will build a pilot area for independent innovation with international influence, a demonstration area for modern industries and an important platform for opening up and cooperation;Suzhou District to build world-class high-techIndustrial ParkTo build a highland of all-round opening, international innovation, high-end industries and modern governance;Lianyungang Area to Build an Important Eurasian InternationalTransport hubAn open portal that gathers high-quality elements and an exchange and cooperation platform for countries (regions) along the "Belt and Road".[21]
Strategic positioningWith system innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, comprehensively implement the central government's plan on building the southwestCentral South RegionThe requirements of opening up and developing new strategic fulcrums, giving full play to theUnique advantagesWe will focus on building a sea port in the southwest, central, south, northwest, and ASEAN orientedNew channel of international land and sea trade, forming the 21st century seathe Silk RoadAnd the Silk Road Economic Belt.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, benchmarking with international advanced rules, more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements will be formed, and the quality, efficiency and power of economic development will be promoted. Efforts will be made to facilitate trade and investment, improve financial services, ensure safe and efficient supervision, and highlight and lead the action of the radiation beltChina ASEANOpen and cooperative free trade parks with high standards and quality.
The land development and utilization of the pilot free trade zone must comply with the laws and regulations on land use, ecological environment protection, urban and rural planning, the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, and the relevant requirements for economical and intensive land use;Those involving the sea shall comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of the Use of Sea Areas, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Islands, and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Marine Environment.
Functional divisionNanning focuses on the development of modern financeSmart logistics, digital economy, cultural media and other modern service industries, vigorously develop emerging manufacturing industries, and build a core area of financial open door to ASEAN and an important node of new international land and sea trade channels;Qinzhou Port Area focuses on the development of port and shipping logistics, international trade, green chemicals and new energy vehiclesKey parts, electronic information, biomedicine and other industries, and build a new gateway port for international land and sea trade and a coastal economic cluster;Key development in Chongzuo areaCross-border Trade 、Cross border logistics, cross-border finance, cross-border tourism and cross-borderlabor service cooperationWe will build a demonstration zone for cross-border industrial cooperation and a new channel for international land and sea trade.[21]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the central government's strategy for coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the construction of high standards and qualityXiongan New AreaRequest and actively undertakeBeijing's non capital functionAnd Beijing TianjinTransformation of scientific and technological achievementsAnd strive to build an important hub of international trade and logistics, a new industrialization base, a global innovation highland andOpen development pilot area。
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, benchmarking with international advanced rules, more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements will be formed, and the quality, efficiency and power of economic development will be promoted. Efforts will be made to build a free and convenient trade and investment, high-end high-tech industry cluster, open and innovative financial servicesGovernment governanceInclusive and prudent、regional development A highly coordinated free trade park with high standards and quality.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.97 square kilometers, covering four areas: Xiong'an area of 33.23 square kilometers,Positive definite33.29 square kilometers (includingShijiazhuang Comprehensive Bonded Zone2.86 km2),Caofeidian33.48 square kilometers (includingCaofeidian Comprehensive Bonded Zone4.59 square kilometers), and 19.97 square kilometers in Daxing Airport area.
The land development and utilization of the pilot free trade zone must comply with the laws and regulations on land use, ecological environment protection, urban and rural planning, the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, and the relevant requirements for economical and intensive land use;Those involving the sea shall comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of the Use of Sea Areas, the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, etc.
Functional divisionXiong'an District focuses on the development of new generation information technologyModern life scienceAnd biotechnology, high-end modern service industry and other industries to build a leading area for the opening and development of high-end high-tech industriesDigital CommerceDevelopment demonstration area and financial innovation pilot area.Key development in Zhengding DistrictAirport industry, biomedicine, international logistics, high-end equipment manufacturing and other industries, build aviation industry open development clusterBiomedical industryOpening and innovation leading area and comprehensive logistics hub.Caofeidian District focuses on the development of international bulk commodity trade, port and shipping services, energy storage and distribution, high-end equipment manufacturing and other industries, and builds a leading area for economic cooperation in Northeast Asia and a demonstration area for port economic innovation.Daxing Airport Area focuses on the development of aviation logistics, aviation technology, financial leasing and other industriesInternational Exchange CenterFunction bearing areaNational AviationScience and technology innovation leading area, Beijing Tianjin Hebei coordinated development demonstration area.[21]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the central government's plan to accelerateOpening along the borderAnd strive to build an important channel for connectivity between the "Belt and Road" and the Yangtze River Economic BeltSouth AsiaSoutheast AsiaIt is an important node of the big channel to promote the formation of China's radiation center and opening frontier towards South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we will benchmark international advanced rules to form more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements, promote the quality, efficiency and power changes of economic development, and strive to build trade and investment facilitation, transportation and logistics accessibility, free flow of factorsFinancial service innovationPerfect, safe and efficient supervision, first-class ecological environment quality, high standard and high quality free trade parks with outstanding radiation and driving effect.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.86 square kilometers, covering three areas:Kunming76 square kilometers (includingKunming Comprehensive Bonded Zone0.58 square kilometers), 14.12 square kilometers in Honghe District,DehongThe area is 29.74 square kilometers.
The land development and utilization of the pilot free trade zone must comply with the laws and regulations on land use, ecological environment protection, urban and rural planning, the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, and the relevant requirements for economical and intensive land use.
Functional divisionKunming will strengthen the joint development with the Airport Economic Zone, focus on high-end manufacturing, aviation logistics, digital economy, headquarters economy and other industries, and build an interconnection hub, information logistics center, culture and education center facing South Asia and Southeast Asia;Strengthening andHonghe Comprehensive Bonded Zone、Mengzi Economic and Technological Development ZoneJoint development, focusing on the development of processing and trade, mass health services, cross-border tourism, cross-border e-commerce and other industries, and striving to build a processing and manufacturing base, trade and logistics center and an innovative cooperation demonstration zone of the China Vietnam Economic Corridor for ASEAN;Dehong District focuses on the development of cross-border e-commerce and cross-borderCapacity cooperation, cross-border finance and other industries, to create a frontier opening pilot zoneChina Myanmar Economic CorridorThe portal hub of.[21]
Strategic positioningWith institutional innovation as the core and replicability and popularization as the basic requirements, we will fully implement the requirements of the central government on promoting the all-round revitalization of the Northeast and building an important window for opening up to the north, focus on deepening the adjustment of industrial structure, and create a newRussiaAnd Northeast AsiaRegional cooperationThe central hub of.
Development objectivesAfter three to five years of reform and exploration, we have standardized on international advanced rules to form more internationally competitive institutional innovation achievements, promote the quality, efficiency and power changes of economic development, and strive to build a high standard and quality free trade park with good business environment, convenient trade and investment, high-end industries gathering, perfect service system, and safe and efficient supervision.
Implementation scopeThe implementation scope of the pilot free trade zone is 119.85 square kilometers, covering three areas:Harbin79.86 square kilometers, Heihe 20 square kilometers, Suifenhe 19.99 square kilometers (includingSuifenhe Comprehensive Bonded Zone1.8 square kilometers).
The land development and utilization of the pilot free trade zone must comply with the laws and regulations on land use, ecological environment protection, urban and rural planning, the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning, and the relevant requirements for economical and intensive land use.
Functional divisionHarbin focuses on the development of new generation information technology, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine and other strategic emerging industries, modern service industries such as science and technology, finance, cultural tourism and cold regionsIce and snow economyTo build a highland for comprehensive cooperation with Russia and Northeast Asia, and to connect with China and radiate to Europe and AsiaNational logistics hubTo build a growth pole and demonstration area for all-round revitalization of the Northeast;Heihe District focuses on cross-border developmentenergy resourcesComprehensive processing and utilization, green food, commercial logistics, tourism, health, border finance and other industries, to build cross-border industrial clusters andBorder cityCooperation demonstration zone to build border port logistics hub andChina and RussiaAn important base for exchange and cooperation;Suifenhe District focuses on timber, grainclean energyEtcprocessing industryAnd trade finance, modern logistics and other service industries to build import and export storage, transportation and processing of goodsentrepotAnd a national logistics hub with land border ports facing international land and sea routes to build China and Russiastrategic cooperation And an important platform for opening and cooperation in Northeast Asia.[21]
international co-operation
Announce
edit
With ASEAN
Since 1990,ChinaWith ASEANTrade volumeThe bilateral trade volume reached 78.2 billion US dollars in 2003, and ASEAN has become China's fifth largest trading partner for 11 consecutive years.In the first nine months of 2004, bilateral trade volume increased by 35.6%.[16]
China South Korea Free Trade ZoneThe negotiations were launched in May 2012.In November 2014, the heads of state of China and South Korea jointly announced the end in BeijingSubstantiveNegotiations.The China South Korea Free Trade Agreement is the largest and most comprehensive free trade agreement involving countries so far.[17]
