Fat drop

Storage place of intracellular mesolipids

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Lipid droplets are the main storage places for intracellular neutral lipids, which are widely found in bacteria, yeast, plants insect as well as Animal cell Medium.

Chinese name: Fat drop
Definition: Main storage place of intracellular mesolipids

Diameter: From 40nm to 100um
Place of existence: Bacteria, yeast, plant and animal cells

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two structure

brief introduction

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The size of lipid droplets varies greatly, with diameters ranging from 40nm to 100um. Fat droplets are formed by phospholipid single Molecular layer And neutral lipids, and there are many proteins on the surface. For a long time, lipid droplets have been considered as a kind of Glycogen It is only used to store energy. When cells need energy, it is used to supply energy. It is an "inert" cell Inclusion Therefore, lipid drops have not been paid attention to for a long time. The latest research shows that lipid droplets are not a simple energy in cells Reservoir , but a complex, dynamic and dynamic multi-function Organelle 。 Fat droplets can move along Cytoskeleton Exercise, and interact with other organelles Lipid metabolism And storage Membrane transport , protein degradation, and signal transduction It plays an important role in the process. In addition, research also shows that Metabolic disease , such as obesity Fatty liver 、 Cardiovascular disease and diabetes , neutral fat storage disease and Niemann Pick C disease are often accompanied by lipid Abnormal storage. Therefore, the biological research on lipid droplets has been paid more and more attention.^[1]

structure

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The core of fat drop is Neutral fat Composition, mainly including triglyceride and Cholesterol ester There is a layer of phospholipid molecules and various proteins wrapped outside the core. The phospholipid molecules are mainly Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine , followed by Phosphatidylinositol 。 The proteins related to lipid droplets mainly include perilipin, ADRP and Tip47, which synthesize "PAT" family proteins. Recent Proteomics The study further found that triglycerides hydrolase (ATGL) and fat synthesis and cholesterol Many enzymes synthesized and proteins related to membrane transport, such as Rab18 protein, are related to lipid droplets.^[2]

Electron microscope and structure pattern of lipid droplets^[2]

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