Pancreas: a large and slender string of grapesGlands, transverse tostomachLaterspleenandduodenumbetween;The right end (pancreatic head) is large, downward, and the left end（Tail of pancreas）It is horizontal, and the tail is against the spleen, which is an important part of the human bodyviscera。
Chinese name
pancreas
Foreign name
pancreas
Location
Across the stomach, between the spleen and duodenum
The pancreas has two parts. One ispancreas, YesExocrine gland, generatedPancreatic juice；SecondIslets of langerhansThe islet is like an island in the sea. It is an organ composed of piles of cells in the pancreasEndocrine gland, generatedinsulin。Therefore, the pancreas is the only gland in the human body that is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland, a special organ.
Pancreatic exocrine fluid or pancreatic juice enters through pancreatic ductduodenum, which contains variousdigestive enzyme。There are also scattered island cell clusters in the pancreas, which are called islets or Langerhans islets.InsularBeta cellSecreting insulin, starting to decreaseblood sugar, promoteHepatic glycogenAnd so on.Islets of langerhansAlpha cellsecretionGlucagonIt can promote the decomposition of liver glycogen and increase blood sugar.Insulin and glucagon feed back each other to control blood sugar to stabilize in a small range.If insulin is absolutely or relatively insufficient for any reason, it will lead todiabetes。
Location structure
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pancreas
Pancreas is a long, flat gland (also calledpancreas）, light red, about 12cm long, about 2.5cm thick, about 80g in weight, located in the retroperitoneal cavity of the left upper abdomen, behind the stomach, running across the posterior abdominal wall, equivalent to the level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.[1]
The pancreas is divided into three parts, including head, body and tail.The head is enlarged on the rightduodenumSurrounded, the body occupies the majority of the pancreas, and the tail end faces the upper left, touching the spleen.Inside the pancreas is a transverse glandular tube, which opens at the duodenal papilla.
pancreasDivided intoExocrine glandandEndocrine glandTwo parts.The exocrine gland is composed of acini and glandular ducts. The acini secretePancreatic juiceThe glandular duct is the channel for pancreatic juice drainage.The pancreatic juice containssodium bicarbonate、Trypsin, lipase, amylase, etc.Pancreatic juice is discharged into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct and has the function of digesting protein, fat and sugar.Endocrine glands consist of cell clusters of different sizes——Islets of langerhansComposed, secretedinsulin, regulate sugar metabolism.Each islet contains at least four kinds of cells: A cells secrete glucagon, B cells secrete insulin, and D cells secrete insulingrowth hormone，Inhibitory hormone, PP cell secretionPancreatic polypeptide。
pancreas
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The endocrine of the pancreas mainly refers to the secretion of insulin, which enables cells to use the bloodglucoseAfter a full meal, the blood sugar will rise. At this time, insulin will be released into the blood, allowing glucose to enter the cells for use and reducing blood sugar.Pancreatic exocrine refers toPancreatic juiceIt contains trypsin, amylase and other substances, which can act on the intestinal tract to decompose proteins and other substances.
Attribute Meridians
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1. According to the anatomical position of the pancreas in the human body, the pancreas is hidden in the liver, spleen, kidney, intestines and other viscera, belonging to the internal organs;According to the qualitative theory of viscera in TCM, pancreas has growth and storageEssential qiAnd the function of secreting body fluid, so it belongs to the internal organs and should be named as pancreas.
2. According to the Yin and Yang attribute of TCM, the viscera are yin, the fu organs are yang, and the pancreas are viscera, which are yin.
3. According to TCMFive Elements TheoryThe earth is the mother of all things. It has the characteristics of biochemistry and growth of all things. The pancreas has the function of secreting body fluid, regulating qi and blood, promoting digestion and metabolism. It has the characteristics of earth, and should belong to the five elements of earth.
4. Pancreas is yin in the viscera, surrounded by yang fu organs, and sandwiched in many yang meridians on the back, so it isYin in YangJing.Inside, give body fluid toTriple energizer，Focal like fogTo nourish the internal organs and organs;Lower Jiao RuduIn order to dissolve the corruption and promote the intestinal tract.On the outside, it can distribute energy, nourish skin fat, and keep it elastic and energetic.
5. PancreaticMeridian circulationLocation: according to the close connection between the position of the pancreas in the body and the spine, the starting position of its meridians should be in the back spine, and its route should be along theGovernor vesselHalf an inch to the side, which is equivalent to the discovery of thousands of yearsHuatuo Jiaji PointPosition, which is in front of the bodyKidney MeridianThe route is opposite to each other.
Pancreatic MeridiansQi fills the whole spine, and meridian qi is distributed to each cone, which forms acupoints between each cone. There are 48 points on both sides from C1 vertebra to L5 vertebra, and the names of the acupoints are still determined according to C1, C2, T1, T2, etc. temporarily.The upward meridian qi spreads from the neck to the top, the downward meridian qi spreads from the sacral vertebra to the lower limbs, and the horizontal meridian qi spreads fromthoracic vertebraSpread to shoulders and upper limbs.
The pancreatic meridians are closely related to the bladder meridiansDazhuPoint to GuanyuanAcupoint shu-- It is distributed parallel to and corresponding to the points of the pancreatic meridians, close to the edge of the cone, and the gas of the pancreatic meridians is scattered to the bladder meridians through each point, and runs with the bladder meridians.Because the bladder meridians andPancreatic MeridiansTherefore, there are manyAcupointsIt has a good effect in treating pancreatic diseases.In addition, there are two acupoint blank points in the bladder meridians, one of which isGeshu AndGanshu pointThe lower lateral opening of the eighth thoracic vertebra is 1.5 inches, which should be named "Yishu point" (originally listed as odd point: stomach tube Xiashu point).The second isGeguan pointAndSoul Gate AcupointAmong the patients with a 3-inch depression at the lower side of the eighth thoracic vertebra, it should be named "pancreatic islet point" (now considered as no point).These two acupoints play a key role in the treatment of the pancreas and the symptoms of the pancreatic meridians.
When the pancreatic meridian is affected, it can be seen that the back heart is tight, the parts above the waist and below the shoulder blade are stuffy, and dizziness, heavy eyesBlurred vision, muscle soreness, limb weakness, lazy talk, dry and hot chest and abdomen, fullness,XeropharynxThirst, etc.
6. The physiological function of the pancreas is similar to that of the spleen, but not the same. The relationship between the two is like a pair of twin brothers. The spleen controls the blood, the pancreas controls the body fluid, the spleen is the source of blood biochemistry, and the pancreas is the source of body fluid biochemistry;The pancreas is in charge of harmony, command, benefit, nourishment, fat in the body, pharynx in the body, doubt in the mind, warmth and sweetness.
(1) Main tone and harmony: it is mainly manifested in regulating yin and yang, balancing secretion, and having a certain function of storing body fluid. The function of storing body fluid in the pancreas is mainly reflected in maintaining the harmony and balance function of the pancreas.When inside the bodyblood sugarWhen it is too high, the pancreasBlood sugar balance, start to self adjust and automatically increaseinsulinSecretion ofhypoglycemia；When hypoglycemia occurs, the pancreas will automatically reduce the amount of insulin secretion to maintain the balance of blood sugar. The blood sugar in the body is always in balance under the monitoring of the pancreas, so as to ensure the normal metabolism of the body and the normal functioning of various organs. When the pancreas is damaged, the function of the viscera will be abnormal,Endocrine disorder, causing a series of diseases such as high blood sugar.
(2) Dominance: refers to that the pancreas has the function of metaplasia and controlling the dispersion of body fluid, so that body fluid can be used normally in the body without leakage.The mechanism of body fluid of the pancreatic system is the absorption of pancreatic qi.The pancreas is fluidMetaplasiaThe source is the exuberant pancreatic qi, which can ensure the full supply of body fluid. If the pancreas does not regenerate and control the supply, the body fluid will be insufficient or lost, and the yang qi will not solidify with the leakage of body fluid, resulting in emaciation, weakness, mental fatigue, etcDeficiency of Yin and YangSymptoms of.Therefore, pancreas has the function of nourishing yin and fixing yang.
(3) Main benefits: mainly manifested in pancreatic metaplasiaPancreatic juiceIt is injected into the intestinal tract, which helps the normal transportation and excretion of the intestinal tract.The intestinal tract lacks the nourishment of pancreatic juice, and protein and other substances cannot be decomposed normally, which will lead to constipation, intestinal obstruction and other symptoms.
(4) Main nourishment: mainly reflected in scattering body fluid in the visceraOfficial orifices, skin, keep the balance of yin and yang;If the zang fu organs are not nourished by body fluid, dryness and heat will be generated internally; if the official orifices are lack of body fluid, it will appearXeropharynxThe eyes are astringent, the nose is hot, the ears are deaf and tinnitus, and the skin is rough, thin and less elastic when it is nourished without body fluid.
(5) In vivo fat: the pancreas maintains the metabolism of sugar and fat in the body, converts and absorbs food, and maintains rich fat and sugar in the body to store and regulate the necessary heat supply and demand in the body.It is mainly reflected in the role of grape substances in the metaplasia and control, blocking the loss of sugar to maintain the activity of fat;Fat has strong activity, which is beneficial toDamp heat in the bodyThe distribution of qi and the airtightness of fat can resist the external attack of wind and cold into the body;If the function of the viscera is abnormal, the body fluid cannot be controlled, and the nutrients such as sugar are carried out, a series of diseases such as fat weakness, body heat reduction, fear of cold, limb soreness and weakness will appear.
Secretory substance
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1. A cell: secretionGlucagon(glucagon), which can promote glycogen decomposition and increase blood sugar.
2. B cell: secretioninsulin, you can setblood sugarIt is converted into liver sugar to reduce the concentration of blood sugar.When insulin is deficientdiabetes。
3. C cell: The function of C cell is unknown, and it is considered as the precursor of A cell and B cell.
