Orchitis

Common diseases in andrology

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This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" authentication.

Pan Guangxin

(Deputy Chief Physician) Review

Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital

Testitis is usually caused by bacteria and Viruses Cause. The testis itself rarely occurs Bacterial infection Because the testicles are rich in blood and Lymph Supply Resistance Strong. Bacterial orchitis Mostly due to the proximity the epididymis Inflammation, so it is also called epididymis orchitis. common pathogenic bacteria yes staphylococcus 、 streptococcus 、 Escherichia coli Etc. The virus can directly invade the testis, most commonly Epidemic parotitis Viruses, this pathogen Major violations against children parotid gland 。 However, the virus also attacks the testes, so it often appears soon after the onset of mumps viral orchitis 。

TCM disease name

Orchitis

Foreign name

orchitis

Visiting department

Urology Surgery

Common causes

Infection, trauma, tumor, etc

common symptom

High fever, chills, testicular pain and swelling, radiation pain, tenderness

infectivity

nothing

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Department of Urology, Air Force General Hospital to examine

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TCM disease name: Orchitis
Foreign name: orchitis
Visiting department: Urology Surgery

Common causes: Infection, trauma, tumor, etc
common symptom: High fever, chills, testicular pain and swelling, radiation pain, tenderness
infectivity: nothing

pathogeny

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Testitis is a common disease in andrology, which is mainly divided into Acute suppurative orchitis and Parotitis orchitis Two kinds, of which acute suppurative orchitis is the most common. There are many reasons for orchitis, such as infection, trauma tumour Can be caused.

classification

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one Chronic nonspecific orchitis

Chronic orchitis Many by no Specificity Acute orchitis It can also be caused by incomplete treatment mould 、 Spirochete 、 Parasitic infection Causes, such as testicular syphilis. Previously Testicular trauma Which may occur Granulomatous orchitis 。 Local or whole testis radio isotope Phosphorus irradiation can also cause orchitis and destroy testicular tissue.

two acute non-specific orchitis

acute non-specific orchitis Most occur in urethritis 、 cystitis 、 prostatitis 、 Hyperplasia of prostate Postoperative and long-term retention catheter Patients. Infection via lymph or Vas deferens Spread to the epididymis , causing Epididymal orchitis 。 common pathogenic bacteria by Escherichia coli 、 Proteus 、 staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Etc. Bacteria can spread to the testes through the blood line, causing simple orchitis. However, the testicle is rich in blood supply and has a strong resistance to infection Resistance , so this situation is rare.

three Acute parotitis orchitis

Epidemic parotitis It is the most common cause of orchitis, about 20% mumps The patients complicated with orchitis, mostly in late adolescence. The naked eye can see the testicle is highly swollen and purple blue.

clinical manifestation

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one High fever 、 Chilliness 。

2. Testicular pain with scrotum, thigh root and groin region Radiation pain 。

3. Sickness Testicular swelling , tenderness, if suppurative, there is a wave of pus on palpation.

4. Often accompanied by scrotal skin Redness and swelling And scrotum Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis 。

5. Childhood viral orchitis Sometimes, parotid gland enlargement and pain can be seen.

inspect

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1. Testicular self inspection

Relax the scrotum to feel hard lumps and abnormalities. When checking, Stand on both feet , feel whether there is tumor Or other abnormalities. Normal testes are oval, smooth and medium hard.

2. Local inspection

After bilateral scrotal masses, benign and malignant lesions can be roughly distinguished. doubt Testicular tumor It is not suitable to Testicular tumor local Puncture biopsy , easy to cause Tumor metastasis 。 diagnosis Testicular tumor The nature depends on the postoperative Pathological report 。

three B-ultrasonic inspection

It can accurately measure the size, shape and presence of testis Tumorigenesis 。 All Cryptorchidism Patients can learn about the development of testis and whether it is swollen or malignant.

4. Blood test

Tumor markers Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, normal value<5 μ g/L) and Alpha fetoprotein (AFP normal value<25 μ g/L) If the inspection exceeds the normal value, further inspection shall be carried out.

five Chest X-ray

Including perspective or shot Chest radiograph 。

six Computed tomography （ CT ）And Magnetic resonance imaging （ MRI ）

Can be more accurately understood the peritoneum Whether there is any transfer after, but not yet Cryptorchidism Patients who have been removed and may have become malignant are particularly beneficial.

complication

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1. Induce serious diseases, such as varicocele, phlegmatitis prostatitis ， Endocrine diseases 、 nephritis etc. kidney disease 、 Urinary infection Disease Malignant tumor Etc.

2. Cause male Sexual function Decline, or even complete loss of sexual function.

3. Causes Dead sperm ， Azoospermia , lose fertility, and transmit inflammatory bacteria to the spouse, causing Gynecological diseases 。

4. Testicular disease is incurable.

treatment

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one Bacterial orchitis

Rest in bed, hold up the scrotum and apply local hot compress. The scrotal skin swells obviously, use 50% Magnesium sulfate solution Wet and hot compress can help inflammation subside. For severe pain anodyne If the effect is poor, it can be used as the affected side Spermatic cord Closed. Systemic medication should be broad-spectrum or Gram negative bacteria Sensitive antibiotics, such as penicillin 、 gentamicin And various cephalosporin Etc.

2. Chronic nonspecific orchitis

Bilateral chronic orchitis often causes infertility. The treatment is mainly aimed at the cause of chronic orchitis.

three Epidemic parotitis Orchitis

(1) Antibiotics are not effective for this disease, so Symptomatic treatment Mainly.

（2） Adrenocortical hormone Use of convalescence The patient has definite curative effect.

（3）1% lidocaine Low spermatic cord sealing can improve testicular blood flow and protect spermatogenic function.

（4） interferon Division pair Acute parotitis orchitis In addition to good curative effect, it can also prevent Testicular atrophy It has obvious effect.

four Testicular pain Treatment of

The symptomatic treatment should be carried out on the basis of determining the cause of the disease. If the cause cannot be found at the moment, the symptomatic treatment of sedation and pain relief can be carried out. If necessary, spermatic cord can be used procaine Occlusive therapy 。

prevention

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1. Middle aged men should pay attention to the maintenance of their testicles. Testicular maintenance is a solution for men sexual dysfunction Important means.

2. If found during massage pain perception , may be orchitis or Epididymitis , please check in the hospital in time.

3. Acute parotitis, orchitis, bilateral lesions can cause irreversible destruction of spermatogenic activity, even testicular atrophy, which can lead to Male infertility 。

4. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits to increase vitamin C And other ingredients to improve the body's anti-inflammatory capacity.

5. Avoid eating spicy and stimulating food, smoking, drinking, standing and sitting for a long time, and excessive sex life , frequent masturbation, etc.

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