Piazzi is TheodinMonkConcurrentminister, entered in 1764church。He suffered when he was youngPhilosophyBut spent the rest of his lifemathematicsandastronomyWork.The government of Naples (then an independent kingdom) decided to set up---NaplesandPalermoPiazzi was entrusted with the responsibility of establishing the observatory.He arrivedFranceandbritainTravel and investigation, also visited in Englandherschel *。He didn't get lucky with Herschel - he fell off the ladder of the Great Reflection Telescope and broke an arm.
Piazzi's observatory was built in Palermo. In 1814, he marked the positions of 7646 stars on the star map.He proved that the first self discovered by Halley wasfixed starIt is a common phenomenon, not an exception.He also found that61 Cygni The dark star of No. 1 has a surprisingly fast self motion, and this star played an important role when Bessel observed it a generation later.However, Piazzi's main achievements did not include stars at all.After Herschel discovered Uranus, the astronomical world was eager to find another planet.The location of Uranus can be oneMathematical rulesforecast;This rule is the generalization of Bode, so it is called "Bode rule".According to the same law, astronomers have a planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.(Even Kepler * commented on the surprisingly large gap between the two planets.) A group of Germansastronomer(The most outstanding one is Orbos) Prepare to thoroughly survey the sky to find out the planet if it exists.While German astronomers were preparing, on January 1, 1801, Piazzi accidentally saw a star in Taurus during the systematic observation of stars, which changed its position within a few days of observation.He began to follow the center line of the star.It seems that it is a planet between Mars and Jupiter, because its movement is much slower than Mars and much faster than Jupiter.He wrote about itBodeBut before determining the orbit of this star, Piazzi was ill.And when he came backtelescopeThe object is too close to the sun to be observed.At this moment, Gauss introduced a new method to calculate the orbit from only three appropriate spatial positions.Piazzi's observation was enough. The orbit was calculated, the planet was found again, and it proved that it was indeed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.This new celestial body is closely related to Sicilyroman goddessHis name is Ceres.However, this planet is very dark;Considering its distance, it must be very small.Herschel estimated itsdiameterIt is 320 km, and the modern data is 776 km.In any case, it can hardly be regarded as a decent planet.So I went to find another celestial body (besides, German astronomers were all ready).In the next few years, three planets were discovered, even more thanCeresSmall.They are called astroids ("star like").Herschel named them because they are too small to show the star surface in the telescope, and they look like the light spots of stars.(Some people suspect that Herschel would leave the right to discover planets to himself, so he encouraged not to name these newly discovered celestial bodies as planets.) However, "astroid" is a poor name because it causes the celestial bodies to not really look like stars, while the extra names "planetoid" or "asteroid" are generally considered preferable,However, "astroid" is still more popular*There are more than 1600 known asteroids, so Piazzi discovered not only one planet, but a whole circle of planets.But there is not only one planet in Piazzi, but a whole circle of planets.But when Piazzi died, there were only four known asteroids.The 1000th asteroid was discovered in 1923 and named asPiazia(meaning Piazzi).
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Piazzi's most familiarDeedsOn the first day of the 19th century, the firstasteroid。On the evening of January 1, 1801, Piazzi noticed a star moving in the background sky.At first, he thought it was just a new star, and it moved only because of observation errors. But after observing again three nights later, he was sure that this star was notfixed star。However, prudently, he only announced that it was acomet。However, since the object did not appear like a cloud and moved slowly and evenly, he also realized that the object might not becomet。
At that time, make surecometOur orbit needs a lot of observation data, but this object will not enter soonsunshineinAll by the famousGermanymathematicianGaussianDevelop newtrackThe calculation method, astronomers can find it again.When its orbit is determined, Piazzi'sguessThis object is not a comet, but a tiny planet, and its position is almost the same as that predicted in the Titius Bode rule.Piazzi rose to fame and was immediately praised as a member of the Royal Society of Naples. Various decorations and souvenirs made from his head also made those businessmen make a lot of money. LaterInternational Astronomical UnionEspecially the No. 1000 discovered in 1923Asteroid namingbyPiazzi 。
Piazzi took thisasteroidIt is named Ceres Ferdinandea, and its name is taken from the grain goddess in Roman mythologySearsAnd SicilianKing Ferdinand, but the name of the latter is not accepted by other countries, so it is no longer used.andCeres AlsoAsteroid beltThe largest and heaviest asteroid in the.Giuseppe Piazzi published his discovery for the first time in his letter to astronomers on January 24, 1801. The first publication was Monatliche Corresponden 'in September 1801.
Captured asteroid
The first asteroid was Piazzi in 1801sicilyHe named this starFerdinand, Ceres。The first part is named after the Valley God of Sicily, and the second part is named after the King of NapoliFerdinand IVNamed.However, international scholars were not satisfied with this, so the second part was removed.Therefore, the official name of the first asteroid is Asteroid 1 Ceres.
On the evening of January 1, 1801, Giuseppe Piazzi was inside the Palermo Observatory on SicilyTaurusI found a star that can't be found in the star map.Piazzi himself did not participate in the search“ghost”But when he heard about the project, he suspected that he had found the "ghost", so he continued to observe the star in the next few days.He reported his discovery to the Gotha Observatory, but at first he said he had found a comet.Since then Piazzi became ill and could not continue his observation.His discovery report took a long time to reach Gotha, when the starsunlightDirection movement, can no longer be found.
Ceres
The largest Ceres known
So people talked about it. Some said Piazzi was dazzled,at allThere is no "Ceres". Some people say Piazzi deliberately published this news to cheat honor.Piazzi was really suffering because the telescope of that star did not work in the sunlight, and he could not point out its position.The news reached the ears of the famous German mathematician Gauss.Gauss does not believetattle and prateHe thought: "The movement of the planet is regular. I don't use a telescope, but only a pencil. I have to calculate the position of the planet." He calculated andleast square methodTo sum up, the position of Ceres is calculated.The result was announced that the astronomer's telescope found the planet in the direction pointed out by Gauss, and later people called it a new planet found with the pencil point.
Other contributions
The image of Ceres taken by the optical telescope, in 1787, Piazzi receivedKing FerdinandTo make accurateMap of Sicily, for which he wentFranceAndbritainObtaining experience and orderinginstrumentAnd participate in the local landmeasureTeam, but the instruments ordered have not been delivered for many years, and the national economy has also turned poor, unable to provide support, resulting in thisplanOffail。
In 1803, he published a catalog, which was revised in 1814 to include 7646 stars.He also wrote 'Lezioni Elementali di Astronomia' in 1817.
In 1923, when the asteroid numbered 1000,International Astronomical UnionIn particularAsteroid 1000NamedPiazziaIn memory.It also created the convention that every asteroid in the number 1000 should be named after people and objects of special importance (although there are occasional exceptions).
Another important contribution is that Piazzi found that Cygnus 61 is autonomous at a rate of 5.2 arc seconds per year when measuring the stellar self motion.
