Electric fan is also called fan for shortFan, which is driven by motorFan leafThe household appliances that rotate to accelerate the air circulation are mainly used for cooling, relieving heat and circulating air.It is widely used in homes, classrooms, offices, shops, hospitals, hotels and other places.
Common household electric fans are essentiallyAxial flow fan, that is, the flow direction of the wind is parallel to that of the fan bladeRotation axis。
Chinese name
electric fan
Foreign name
electric fan
Alias
Fan、Fan
Invention time
1830
Main components
AC motor
Structure
Rotor, stator, control circuit
working principle
The energized coil rotates under the force in the magnetic field
Mechanical fan originated in 1830James ByronInspired by the structure of clocks and watches, the Americans ofceilingA mechanical fan driven by a spring.The cool wind brought by the rotating blades of this fan makes people feel cool, but it is troublesome to climb a ladder to wind up.
In 1872, a Frenchman named Joseph developed another kind of wind turbine startupgearThe mechanical fan driven by chain device is much more refined than the mechanical fan invented by Byron, and it is also more convenient to use.
In 1880, AmericansShuleFor the first time, the blade is directly installed on the motor, and then connected to the power supply. The blade rotates at full speed, and the gusts of cool wind hit the face, which is the first in the worldTaidianFan.
working principle
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In addition,DC motor、DC brushless motorSuch small power motors are also increasingly used in small electric fans.
When the electric fan works (assuming that there is no heat transfer between the room and the outside world), the temperature in the room will rise instead of decreasing.Let's analyze the reason for the temperature rise: when the electric fan is working, because there is a current passing through the coil of the electric fan, and the wire has resistance, it will inevitably generate heat to release heat, and the temperature will naturally rise.But why do people feelCool？Because there are a lot ofsweatWhen the electric fan works, the indoor air will flow, so it can promote the rapid evaporation of sweat. Combined with "evaporation needs to absorb a lot of heat", people will feel cool.
Control circuit:ICInduction magnet;N. The S pole controls its coil conduction through the circuit to generate internal excitation to rotate the rotor.
type
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one
According to the motor structure, it can be divided into single-phase capacitor type, single-phase shaded pole type, three-phase induction type, DC and AC/DC dual purpose series commutator type electric fans.
two
It can be divided into household electric fans and industrial exhaust fans according to their uses.
⑴Household electricityFan: Yesceiling fan、Desk fan、pedestal fan、Wall fan, top fanventilator、Leaf fan、Air conditioning fan(i.eCold fan）Etc;There are also two types of table fans, one is shaking head, the other is not shaking head, and the other is turning leaf fan;Some floor fans shake their heads and turn their pages.There is also a small electric fan with gentle breeze, which is specially hung in a mosquito net. When you turn it on in summer night, it will be breezy and you can sleep safely without getting sick.
Check the accompanying documents. The accompanying documents of each electric fan include the instruction manual, product certificate, electrical circuit diagram and packing list. When purchasing, check the quantity and quality of parts according to the packing list.
two
Check whether the mesh cover and fan blade have obvious deformation: on the assembled electric fan mesh cover, use a pen to point to the highest point of a fan blade, slowly move the fan blade, and the distance between the corresponding points of other fan blades and the pen tip should be very close, then rotate the fan blade, pay attention to whether the rotation is light and flexible, and can stop at any position.
three
Check whether the control mechanism is flexible: the control mechanism includes speed regulating switch, timing knob, rocker switch, lighting switch, etc. These control mechanisms should be flexible in operation and reliable in contact.For the speed control gear, it is not allowed to switch on two gears at the same time or press down the first gear.Press the stop key, and all speed gear keys shall be reset normally.
four
Check the performance of the moving part: the fan head of the electric fan can operate flexibly at the pitching and pitching angles, and can be locked firmly. Adjust it to the maximum pitching angle or shake the head to the final position. The mesh cover shall not collide with the fan pillar.When the fan is running, the stability shall be good, and the head shaking angle shall not be less than 60-80 degrees.
five
Starting performance: starting performance is an important quality indicator of electric fans.During the inspection, it shall be adjusted to the low wind gear, and when the rated voltage of the power supply is 85%, that is, when the voltage regulator is used to reduce the 220 V voltage to 187 V, the electric fan shall be able to start from standstill and operate normally. The shorter the time required for an electric fan to start to operate normally, the better the starting performance of the fan motor.
six
Check the operation and speed regulation performance: after power on, rotate the rocker switch repeatedly to check whether it is out of order or assembled too tightly. During this process, there should be no abnormal noise in the mechanical transmission part of the fan.When the electric fan operates in mild, medium and strong wind, the motor and fan blades shall be stable, with small vibration and low noise.The fan shall shake its head and stop quickly without intermission, stagnation and jitter. The speed difference of each gear shall be obvious. The larger the air supply angle, the better.When the fan stops running, the axial clearance of the shaft does not exceed 0.5 cm. If the clearance is too large, it will cause axial displacement and impact sound during operation.
seven
Check whether there is electric leakage: after the electric fan is powered on, if there is a strong hemp inductance when touched by the hand, use the test pen to test, and the test pen will also emit light, which can be used to determine the shell leakage, and cannot be selected.
Novel fan
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Time controlled electric fan
Just set the working time of the fan, and it will turn on and off on time according to your settings.
Voice controlled electric fan
The voice controlled electric fan developed by General Electric Company of the United States is equipped with micro electronicsreceiver, just clap your hands twice at a place no more than 3 meters away, and the electric fan will automatically run;If you clap your hands three more times, the electric fan will stop automatically.
Cooling air fan
European marketA new type of electric fan combining fan and refrigerator is introduced. The fan has a refrigeration movement, and there is mixed liquid in the central cylinder of the movement. Put the movement in the refrigerator for 3 hours and then take it out for useBlow outThe cold wind makes people feel cold.
Noise free electric fan
JapanMitsubishi CorporationThe developed electric fan with almost no noise is equipped with special bird wing shaped blades, which can produce aWhirlAir flow withDC motor, noprotection cover, very suitable for computersWord processorUse of the copier in the place.
Lamp cap electric fan
The electric fan invented in the United States can be installed on the bulb cap. It is small and exquisite. As long as there is a bulb cap, it can be used. It is not only easy to install, but also can save energy.
Four season electric fan
The electric fan produced in Germany that can be used in all seasons is equipped withFar infrared heaterandNegative ion generatorIt can deliver cool wind in summer and cool wind in winterHot air, supplying anion air all the year round, providing cooling and heating,Purified air, disease prevention and health care.
Match box electric fan
The miniature fan developed in France is only the size of a match box, with a thickness of 14 mm, a length of 62 mm, and a weight of only 45 gramsDC, two watts power, continuous service life up to 10000 hours.
Fuzzy micro control electric fan
JapanToshibaThis advanced electric fan is equipped with 7 levels of air volume, such as strong, ordinary and weak, which can be measured according to the temperature and humidity of the sensor,Auto SelectBest air supply.If someone touches the net cover, it will automatically stop rotating.
Anti injury finger electric fan
Robertson Industries of the United States has launched two new types of fans. As soon as a person touches the cover of the fan, he will send aElectric pulseSignal to stop the fan rotation, so as to avoid finger injury.
Small electric fan
It is suitable for going out in summer or when there are no cooling tools around. This fan has many useful batteries and rechargeable ones,USB interfaceYes, it is also a good tool in summer.
Metal fan
Metal fan, also called metal fan or metal electric fan, refers to that the material of electric fan is metal, such as iron and copper.stayEurope and Americadeveloped countryWith her unique artistic charm and metal texture, the metal fan has become a senior household decoration and is welcomed and loved by the majority of consumers.This trend has been changed by KangLivable zoneIn China, it is affecting more and more families.
Common faults
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1. The rotating shaft of the fan should have lubricating oil, otherwise the motor on the fan blade cannot drag.If you are at home, you can choose to turn off the power, and then move the blades. If the rotation is stiff, there is basically no lubricating oil.
2. Wear caused by long time use.If a fan is used for a long time, the motor will be lostWorn shaft sleeveIt is easy to burn off.
3. The fan does not rotate due to overheating.There is a motor in the fan device, and there will be an overheating in the motorCircuit breaker, ifCoil windingA short circuit occurs atCalorific valueIncrease in a short time, so that the motor will "strike" and not move.
4、Starting capacitanceThe capacity becomes smaller.When the fan is used for a long time, the capacitance will be reduced, resulting in the motorStarting torqueIt becomes smaller and cannot drive the load.
5. Many times, the reason why the fan blades do not rotate is poor maintenance.If the fan blade rotates stiffly by hand after turning off the power supply, some lubricating oil should be used to drop into the rotating shaft so that it can be lubricated, so as not to affect the motor to drag the fan blade.
6. The simplest way to prevent the blades from rotating due to wear is to replace parts, especiallyaxle sleeve, if it is easy to burn off after wearing.
7. If the capacity of the capacitor decreases and the fan does not rotate, the capacitor can be removed and replaced with a new capacitor of the same model. It is recommended thatSelection ratioThe original capacitance is 20% larger, which will have better rotation effect.
8. Rotating shaftAxial clearanceToo big a problem. You can choose to remove the motorAdjusting shim。However, remember that when installing the motor back, the rotor must be concentric with the bearing. The lubrication screw should be slowly tightened diagonally. Finally, knock the shaft with a wooden handle to ensure that it is concentric.
9. If it's becauseElectrical faultYou can check each line of the wiring, sometimes the wire is damaged, and repair the problem.
Electricity saving method
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First of all, we should choose products of high quality when shopping.Since the technical threshold of fan industry is low and the products on the market are uneven, we must choose products of well-known brands to ensure the quality.
Secondly, because electric fans can directly convert electric energy into kinetic energy, the power consumption is very low,Maximum powerOnly 60W, which is equivalent to the power consumption of the table lamp for general lighting, so fromenergy conservationFrom the perspective of, it is undoubtedly the best choice to use electric fans in midsummer.When the electric fan is used together with the air conditioner, the air conditioner temperature is set at 26 ℃~28 ℃, which will save electricity and money.
Third, as far as the use of the fan itself is concernedFan leafLarge fanelectric powerThe power consumption of the electric fan is proportional to the speed of the fan blade.For example, for a 400mm electric fan, the power consumption is 60W when using strong wind, and only 40W when using slow gear. The power consumption of the fastest and slowest gear of the same electric fan is 40% different. Therefore, the power consumption of the electric fan can be reduced by turning on strong wind at ordinary times and using more light wind after cooling down.Try to use light wind orapoplexy。
Fourth, when in use, the fan should be placed next to the door and window to facilitate air circulation, improve the cooling effect, shorten the use time and reduce power consumption.
Finally, pay attention to the maintenance of the fan at ordinary times to maintain its good performance and avoid the occurrence of deformation, vibration and other conditions of the fan blades, which is also conducive to the saving of electric energy to a certain extent.
Power calculation
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1. The power formula is: P=UI is the power of the motor, U is the voltage, and I is the current.
2. Use before calculationA multimeterMeasure the current and voltage used, and then use the formula to calculate.
Vaneless fan
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Today's electric fans have changed their traditional image in people's minds, and they are more personalized in appearance and function.Computer controlNatural wind, sleep wind, anion function, etcAir conditionerIt has also been adopted by many electric fan manufacturers, and has added more practical functions such as lighting and mosquito repellent.These products with different appearances and functions indicate that theDevelopment trend。
In the era of pursuing individuality, fashion and refinement, consumers seem to have a special preference for small and cute household appliances.As a result, all kinds of portable electric fans came into being, which are cute, brightly colored and petite.The casings and fan pages of these electric fans are made of plastic, which is extremely light on the whole. In addition to their small size and beautiful color and appearance, they are very popular once they are launched.
Various new functions are added to the electric fan, which not only highlights the individuality, but also improves the grade invisibly.For example, those developed earlier and more practicalRemote control function, making the operation free from certain space restrictions, andLCD screenOfdynamic display , the operation is clear at a glance.As consumers pay more attention to health, manufacturers focus on improvingair qualityI started the article, so I added negative ions, oxygen barsUltraviolet sterilizationAnd other functions.
In addition, the mosquito repellent fan canElectric heatingVolatilize mosquito repellent substances, and quickly send mosquito repellent substances to all parts of the room with the help of wind;The small fan with "fragrance" function is located in the middle of the fan bladeRotation axisIt contains fragrant pieces. With the rotation of the fan, the fragrance of flowers will also flow out, and the fragrant pieces can be replaced at will;The ceiling fan with lighting function integrates lighting and fan functions. They have attracted the attention of consumers by virtue of a unique function.
electric fan
internationalenergy shortage, domesticElectricity shortageEnergy saving function will be a development direction that cannot be ignored.The air conditioning fan positioned between the air conditioner and the fan takes water as the medium, uses the phase change heat absorption law of substances and the principle of evaporation potential of water to work, and can send cold air lower than room temperature, while the built-in conventional electric heat source can send warm and humid air.In addition, with battery fan or using solar energy as energyEnergy saving and environmental protectionFans will also be vigorously promoted and applied in the future.
matters needing attention
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In hot summer, when you turn on the electric fan, the breeze blows your face. Many people can get sick due to improper use of electric fan. The reason is that many people lack the common sense of using electric fan.
Many people like to blow the electric fan for a long time. They feel that they stop when they have just cooled down. They feel that they are still hot. It is better to blow it for a long time.However, blowing on the electric fan for a long time,Body temperatureIt will drop with the evaporation of sweat, which is easy to causecatch cold, coldabdominal pain, diarrhea and other diseases.Generally, it is better to blow for half an hour to one hour at a time.
2. Quick blow
In order to cool down as soon as possible, some people turn on the electric fan as fast as possible, thinking that the wind is strong enough to relieve fever.This is improper practice.When the temperature exceeds 30 ℃,air temperature Close to humanNormal body temperatureThe wind from the electric fan is also high temperature wind. At this time, the heat of human body mainly depends on sweatEvaporative heat dissipation, if the electric fan blows too much, the skinsurface temperature When it drops, the pores are blocked, the sweat inside the body cannot be distributed, and it will feel hot. At the same time, fatigue and weakness will occur, and backache will occur. This is called "holding back sweat".Therefore, it is not suitable to use electric fan to blow at high speed, instead, it should be adjusted to medium speed or low speed, and it is better to blow gentle breeze.
3. Close wind
The electric fan should not be placed close to the body. If the strong wind blows close to the body and only blows on one side of the body, the sweat of the skin on the windward side will evaporate quickly and the temperature will decrease significantly. The sweat on the windless side will evaporate slowly, causing the sweat on both sides of the body toblood circulationAnd sweat excretion,Nervous centerIt will lose its balance. Once the time is too long, the organs will be exhausted, and the whole body will feel uncomfortable.Therefore, when blowing the electric fan, it is better to keep a distance of 2 meters away from people to make the wind blowing even and soft.
4. Blowing steady wind
Most of the electric fans are head shaking fans. When blowing, the electric fan constantly moves its position and direction, forming large and small puffs, so that the body surface receives wind slowly, and people will not feel too cold and feel the temperature of the whole body is even.Therefore, it is better to use a head shaking fan instead of blowing directional wind.
5. Sleep Blow
That is to use electric fan to cool down and sleep.When people are asleep, the functions of all organs of the body drop to the lowest levelReflection disappears，Decreased immunity, easy to cause disease.
