Gan Shi Xing Jing

Works by Gan De and Shi Shen

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Gan Shi Xing Jing is a monograph on astronomy. There are eight volumes of Gan Shi Xing Jing and eight volumes of Shi Jing, totally 16 volumes be published in book form In the Warring States Period. Gan Shi Xing Jing is a joint title of the two books, and the author was Qi State people Gander and Wei people Shi Shen 。 Written by Gander《 Astrology 》There are eight volumes. Shi Shen wrote eight volumes of Astronomy, and the two books are collectively called Gan Shi Xing Jing.^[1] Among the astronomical achievements in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Gan Shi Xing Jing is the largest, and it is also the earliest astronomical work in China and the world.^[3]

Chinese name: Gan Shi Xing Jing
Classification: Astronomical monograph
Value: original Astronomy One of the works

Author: Gander 、 Shi Shen
Creation period: the Warring States period
Origin of name: Astronomical Astrology and Astronomy

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Astronomical works

Gan Shi Xing Jing (2 sheets)

Gan Shi Xing Jing is a monograph and observation record of ancient Chinese astronomy. On the basis of long-term observation of the astronomical phenomena, Gande, Wei Ren and Shi Shen (a man named Shi Shenfu), the Qi people (a man named Chu or Lu), wrote a work on astronomy respectively during the Warring States Period. Later generations combined these two works and called them "Gan Shi Xing Jing". They observed the movement of five planets, namely, gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and discovered the regularity of their appearance.

According to Chinese scientists Xi Zezong It is believed that Gander has observed Jupiter's satellite Italy Galileo and Mayer of Germany made the same discovery nearly 2000 years ago. Gander Shi Shen The measured star record is the world's earliest constellations Catalogue 。 The book records the location of 120 stars, which is relatively accurate according to the current observation results. It is about 200 years earlier than the first star catalog in Europe, the one in the Valley of Iba in Greece. Gan Shi Xing Jing was selected in China World Records Association The world's earliest astronomical works.^[2]

Astronomy had developed in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During this period, a large number of astronomical monographs and astronomical observation records appeared for the emperor's astrology. Including Chu State（ Qi State ）Astronomers Gander He wrote eight volumes of Astronomical Astrology, Wei Astronomers Shi Shen He has written eight volumes of Astronomy. Later generations combined these two works into one book called Gan Shi Xing Jing. The original book has been lost, and now can only be copied in pieces in relevant historical books of the same period, such as《 Kaiyuan Zhanjing 》Medium.

The Book of the Han Dynasty · Law and Calendar Annals records that this book has eight volumes each《 Sui Shu · Jingji Annals 》There is only one volume of the record, and after the Tang Dynasty, this book has been completely lost. Today, only fragments of it can be seen from "Historical Records · Tianguan Book", "Hanshu · Astronomical Annals", "Later Hanshu · Astronomical Annals", and the astronomical work of the Tang Dynasty "Kaiyuan Zhanjing". What is passed down from generation to generation is no longer the original text, and it has been edited, modified, added or deleted repeatedly. The existing "Gan Shi Xing Jing" was created by later generations on the pretext of Gan and Shi Fake works. There are obvious evidences: First, the five or six hundred word quotations from the original book in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty are completely absent in the Gan Shi Xing Jing; Second, many place names in the Gan Shi Xing Jing were found after the Warring States Period. For example, "Song Zhou" was established in the 16th year of Kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (596).^{[5 ]}

Author Introduction

Gander , also known as Gan Wenqing, is called Gan Gong in general history books. The Records of the Historian · Tianguan Book records that Gande was from Qi, while Pei Yin from Liu Song《 Collection of Historical Records 》He said he was from Lu《 Historical record justice 》He also said that Gander was from Chu. Later《 The History of the Han Dynasty 》And《 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 》It is said that Gander is from Chu. There is no dispute that Shi Shen is from Wei. However, his name has two versions, Shi Shen and Shi Shenfu, which were confirmed as Shi Shenfu by later generations. Gan De and Shi Shenfu once mentioned the battle between Zhao Yan and Lu Chu in their book, so it can be inferred that Gan and Shi's works were roughly dated back to King Lie of Zhou From the first year (375 BC) to Zhou Xianwang Between nineteen years (350 BC). The author's life story is untested.

Gande wrote eight volumes of Astronomy and Astrology, and Shi Shen wrote eight volumes of Astronomy. Later generations combined these two works into one, called Gan Shi Star Classic. Gan Shi Xing Jing is the earliest astronomy book in China and the world. Unfortunately, it was lost after the Song Dynasty. Today, only astronomy books from the Tang Dynasty can be used《 Kaiyuan Zhanjing 》See some excerpts of it in. These excerpts show that Gander and Shi Shen have systematically observed the movements of the five planets, namely, gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and discovered the regularity of the emergence and disappearance of the five planets.

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The book records the movement of the five stars in detail and their occurrence rules, and records them with the naked eye Ganymede (Gander, 1981 Xi Zezong Pointed out, but not recognized internationally).

In memory of Shi Shen, Moon There is one on Crater Name after him.

historical origin

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During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the development of production, astronomy also made many achievements. "Lu Youzi is cautious, Jin Youyou Bu Yan , Zheng Youyi Zhan, Song Wei, Qi (Chu or Lu) Gande, Chu Tang barbarism Zhao Youyin Gao, Wei You Shi Shenfu All masters of astronomy Atlas 。”

(Jinshu Astronomical Chronicles Part I) Gande and Shi Shenfu carried out their own activities in their own countries Astronomical observation And each has his own works published in the world. Gander's work is called《 Astrology 》Shi Shenfu's work is called Astronomy, which is all eight volumes. In the Han Dynasty, these two works were published separately. Later generations merged these two works and named them "Gan Shi Xing Jing".

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