Persephone

The Queen of Hell in Ancient Greek Mythology

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synonym Persephone (Persephone) Generally refers to Persephone (the afterlife in ancient Greek mythology)

Persephone（ Greek ：Περσεφόνη、 Latin Persephone Ancient Greek mythology The empress in, Main God Zeus And the god of agriculture Demeter The daughter of Hades Hades 's wife.

Persephone is the goddess of seed itself, which mainly corresponds to ancient Greek The seed of a commonly used grain. When she is in the underworld, she represents the seeds sleeping in the dark earth. When she returns to the ground in spring, she represents the goddess of growth Demeter The power of the Horace awakens the seed, and the seed begins to revive and sprout. The Horace Goddesses in charge of the season will come to welcome Persephone back to the sisters.

Chinese name: Persephone
Foreign name: Πε ρσ ε φ ό νη (Greek), Persephone (English)
Alias: Persephone 、 Botherfini 、 Persephine 、 Cole
Mythological system: MYTHOS
Residence: The underworld
Chief: Hades, death, seed, fertility

Symbol: Pomegranate, rice ear
Parents: Zeus 、 Demeter
Spouse: Hades
brothers and sisters: Athena 、 Artemis 、 Apollo 、 Hephaestus 、 Ares 、 Hermes 、 Dionysus etc.
Children: Zagreos 、 Melinoue
Roman counterpart: Prosepina

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Myth and legend

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Origin

Persephone

according to Hesiod Written by《 Divine Scripture 》Said that Persephone is Zeus And Demeter "He (Zeus) came to the bed of the fertile Demeter, and she gave birth to Persephone with white arms. She was Hades Steal it from her mother. "

But Persephone, unlike the children of other gods, had no fixed position at first. according to Mythology It is argued that as the daughter of Demeter, Persephone should be the goddess representing grain seeds, but usually before marriage Persephone only serves as Demeter It exists from God.

On《 Annotation of Heroic Poems 》The brothers of Persephone, Hermes 、 Ares 、 Apollo and Hephaestus Have made love with her; Then Demeter hid her in the mountains and cut off contact with other gods.

Become the afterlife

Persephone has lived with his mother Demeter since childhood and never considered Marriage The matter. Once Persephone was in the jungle with Nymph Fairies (in《 Homer Epic 》Chinese, she is with Athena and Artemis Gather flowers together in Enna, the Earth Goddess Gaia suffer Zeus The acquiescence of, let the earth out a narcissus, Persephone in the process of picking flowers imperceptibly away from friends, was about to pick the seemingly harmless narcissus, the earth cracked, four black horses pulled the keeper Hades When his chariot appeared, he forced Persephone onto the carriage and drove back to the underworld. Hades had already fallen in love with her Zeus The plan was implemented with the tacit consent and help of.

Hades kidnapped Persephone

The robbed Persephone cried sadly for his mother, Demeter Hearing Persephone's cry for help, she felt like a knife in her heart. She quickly put down her farm work and ran towards the cry, but Persephone had already disappeared. Demeter was very anxious, looking for his daughter everywhere. Therefore, everything on the earth stops growing (Demeter is prolific Goddess of agriculture ）， Helios Helios Having seen everything, he told Demeter about Persephone's whereabouts Aretuza To Demeter).

When Demeter knew the truth, he immediately found Zeus and asked him to order Hades to bring Persephone back to her immediately, otherwise she would continue to make the earth barren. At last Zeus was afraid that everything on the earth would become desolate, so he sent Hermes To persuade Hades to return Persephone to Demeter. But before Hermes arrived, Hades tricked Persephone to eat four pomegranate seeds, which made Persephone have four months to return to the underworld every year.

In another version, Askalafus told the other gods Persephone to eat the pomegranate seeds of the underworld. Every year when Demeter is reunited with her daughter, everything on the earth grows, but in the other six months when Persephone returns to the underworld, everything on the earth is exhausted. In addition, there is a version that says Hecat He rescued Persephone and became his protector in Hades.

Have mercy on Orpheus

As the afterlife, Persephone showed mercy only once, and she was Orpheus He was deeply moved by Orpheus' song and agreed that Orpheus would send his wife Eurydik But Persephone put forward a harsh request: Eurydice must walk behind Orpheus, and Orpheus is not allowed to turn around to look at Eurydice before they reach the ground. Orpheus agreed, but just as they were about to return to the world, he could not help looking back to see if his wife was following him, so he lost his wife forever.

Grab Adonis

Adonis (Adonis), a Greek beauty Myrrha, or Zmyrna Incest Born, beautiful and moving as soon as he was born. Eros Aphrodite I fell in love with him at first sight and gave him to Persephone to raise. When Adonis grew up, the afterlife also fell in love with him and was reluctant to let him leave. The two goddesses refused to yield to each other, so they asked Main God Zeus adjudication. Zeus finally decided that Adonis stayed with Aphrodite for four months every year, and with Persephone for four months, and he could decide freely for the remaining four months. But Adonis always decided to stay with Aphrodite instead of living in the dark underworld with the afterlife.

Piritoos' pursuit

Persephone and Hades

Theseus and Piritoos Both vowed to marry Zeus His daughter is his wife. Theseus chose Helen , they kidnapped her successfully, and only waited for her to become an adult to get married; Piritoos chose Persephone, so they set out to the underworld again. Hades Hades They pretended to give a banquet to welcome them. As soon as they sat down, they sent poisonous snakes to tightly wrap their feet (one said that their legs were fixed by stones growing from the ground). Until later, the hero Heracles When he came to the underworld to do the twelfth task, he saved Theseus from being trapped. But when he tried to release Piritoos, the earth shook, so Piritoos was left in the underworld forever. It is said that the Athenians had thinner legs, because Theseus was trapped in his legs and pulled off some skin when he was rescued.

Give birth to Melinoue

After he married his daughter Persephone to Hades, Zeus still loved her, so he turned into Hades and joined Persephone at the mouth of the crying river Cocytus Melinoue 。 Melinoue is in charge of scheming and ghosts. He often appears as a ghost, sometimes visible, sometimes invisible, sometimes dazzling in the dark, and attacks from the darkness.

Folk worship

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Ancient Greek Art

stay Ancient Greek Art In, Persephone's image reflects her duality. As the female ruler of the nether world, she is holding a torch in one hand and a torch in the other pomegranate , and with the keeper Hades The majestic and cold Hades Queen together; As Harvest goddess Her image is holding icker , or and Artemis 、 Athena A beautiful girl picking flowers together in the grass. When Persephone returns to the underworld, everything on the earth will wither, and when he returns to the earth with his mother, everything will revive, which is a symbol of rebirth and death. The offerings presented to Persephone, the goddess of the underworld, are black, infertile cows. In ancient Greece, there was no temple dedicated to her alone.

Tesmofora

Persephone and Demeter The two goddesses always shared the sacrifice. In Ulysses, the common worship of the two goddesses has the nature of secret sacrifice. With the further development of religious concepts, the two harvest goddesses began to be regarded as the founders and legislators of the settlement life, which is inseparable from agriculture. In Athens, people called Demeter and Persephone "Thesmophoria", and believed that they were married and Family relations The patron of. In autumn, there is a special festival to commemorate them - Legislative Goddess Day.

Eleusis Mystery Instrument

For the ancient Greeks, after Persephone became the wife of Hades, the keeper of the underworld, he became ruthless and terrible from his previous innocence. Persephone has great power in the underworld. She commands the demons and ghosts of the underworld and breaks the last link between the dying and the living; Persephone is also the embodiment of a kind of dark magic. She mercilessly pulls all life into the arms of the underground dark abyss, so people call the tomb "Persephone's room". The ancient Greeks did not dare to call her by her first name, but only wanted to call her "Cole" (κ όρη, a girl). So is her story Eleusis Mystery Instrument It is said that this ceremony can enable the participants to have dinner with the dead legendary heroes at the moment of the terrible Persephone, so as to gain eternal life.

Orpheanism

stay Orpheanism Persephone has an independent meaning in his mystical teachings. This doctrine says that she is Zeus 's wife, Zagreos Her mother is also the goddess who created nature. Her common nicknames are: "Empress"“ Great Goddess ”Etc. In the later religious system, she and other Earth Mother God Or hell god（ Gaia 、 Ruiya 、 Hecat 、 Isis ）Mix them up. Her Roman counterpart is Prosepina Plothepena is a goddess mixed with the ancient rural plant goddess Rebela. The Romans came from southern Italy and sicily The Greeks learned the worship of Persephone and transplanted all the myths about her to Prosepina.

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