synonymFenghou(Dunhou) generally refers to beacon tower
Beacon tower, also known asBeacon, commonly known asFenghou、Buttress、pier 。Used to ignite in ancient timesFireworksThe platform for delivering important news was important in ancient timesmilitaryDefense facilities are built to prevent the enemy from invadingenemy 's situationIf it happens, smoke will be applied during the day, ignition will be carried out at night, and the stations will be connected to deliver messages.It is the oldest but effective way of message transmission.
The Beacon Tower, also known as beacon, was a measure of military information alarm in ancient times.That is to say, when the enemy invades in the daytime, he will burn smoke (flint), and when he invades at night, he will fire (beacon) to alert all parties and superiors with visible smoke and light.
The beacon tower is usually built on a high hill, which is easy to look out from each other. There are guard houses and smoke and fire burning equipment on the tower. Below the tower are houses where soldiers live and guard, sheep and horse pens, warehouses and other buildings.
The distance between beacon towers is generally about ten miles, and it is usually built on the hills and hills, which are easy to look out from each other.In the Ming Dynasty, there was also a distance of about 5 miles. When the soldiers guarding the Taiwan discovered the enemy's invasion, they immediately lit up a beacon fire on the platform. When they saw the adjacent platform, they followed suit, so that the enemy's situation could be quickly transmitted to the military center.[1]
The beacon towers are generally built independently, and there are also three or five horns configured as a group of beacon towers. The shape of the beacon towers varies from time to time and from place to place, generally square and round.
For the structure and application of the beacon tower, seeDunhuang、JuyanThe bamboo slips unearthed from the Beacon Flint Site of the Han Dynasty indicate that "it is four feet two feet high, six feet six feet wide, six hundred seventy-two feet in volume, and 237 feet high"."Four feet wide and five feet high".The bamboo slips also indicate thatBeaconThere are five, six or more than ten people, including Sui Chang.The garrison must have one person to watch, one to cook, and the rest to build and collect firewood (including firewood for beacon lighting).
Origin of name
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"Beacon fire", two signals of ancient frontier defense alarm, is called "Sui" when smoking in the daytime and "Feng" when raising a fire at night.In the Han Dynasty, beacon towers were called beacon towers (beacon towers) and pavilion towers; in the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were called beacon towers, and the word "beacon towers" was also extended to beacon towers. In the Ming Dynasty, they were generally called smoke piers or piers (in the northwest Ming Dynasty, piers and towers were also used to guard against enemies, while smaller ones were only used to watch without lighting beacon towers).
major function
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the Beacon Tower
The beacon tower is mainly used to facilitate investigation. At the same time, when the enemy invades, it can burn straw and other combustibles. In this way, fireworks can be used to inform the enemy, so that the next post can be more alert.The most important thing is to transmit military information, which needs to be connected withEnemy station, wall abutment and other Great Wall buildings.
Enemy towers can be used as piers to transmit beacon information. Where there is no enemy tower or wall tower suitable for beacon lighting, beacon towers must be built according to the beacon transmission route.Ji TownQi Jiguang, the commander in chief, said in the Military Training Record: "Since ancient times, guarding the border has not been far away from Houjin's beacon fire. Jizhen has been relying on danger, and the beacon fire has not been repaired for a long time. Because the soldiers and horses have not practiced the distribution of aid, they regard the beacon fire as useless. Now this proposal is submitted to the governor for consideration and determination: where there is no hollow tower, the original pier will be used as the pier. If there is a hollow tower within a hundred steps, all hollow towers will be used as the pier.About one or two miles away from each other, Bang and drum sound like a trick. "Military leader famed for combat against Japanese pirate invadersIt also formulated the law of passing the beacon, and compiled a popular and easy to read "Song of Passing the beacon" for the guards to memorize.After strict training, the defenders who are responsible for transmitting the signals can accurately transmit the military situation with beacon fire and quickly. Generally, it can spread throughout the whole Jizhen defense line in three hours.The beacon tower is used to light wolf dung in the daytime, burn firewood at night, burn wolf dung with smoke in the daytime, and burn firewood at night by fire.
guarding method
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the Beacon Tower
In the 1970sJuyan Beacon Torch SiteThe Great Wall's fire protection system in the early years of Jianwu period in the Han Dynasty is clearly recorded in the "Agreement on Fire Protection on the Great Wall" obtained during the excavation. The Han bamboo slips said that the fire protection articles at that time were issued by military organs at the level of Duwei Mansion, and were only binding on the subordinate officials. The quality agreements varied with the issuing unit and the issuing time, but the warning signals and general guidelines were basically the same.
There are six kinds of warning signals, namely: tarpaulin (tarpaulin, which some scholars think is a cage made of straw or covered with cloth on a wooden frame)（TreetopSome scholars believe that it is a cloth banner), drums, smoke, chicory fire (a torch made of reed poles), accumulated firewood (elevated firewood and haystack), raised tents, watches, smoke during the day, and raised fire at night. Accumulated firewood and drums can be used both day and night;Take the beacon fire as the boundary to offend thousands of Xiongnu, and anyone who is less than a thousand people will only burn a lot of money;More than one thousand people earn their salaries;If more than 1000 people attack the pavilion barrier, they will accumulate their salary.In addition to the accumulated salary, there are also different regulations on lifting tent, lifting table and lifting chicory fire;And there are different but very specific regulations due to the different directions of the enemy's invasion of the fortress and the difference between the day and night.
IfHunWhen people enter the fortress and besiege the pavilion, they have no time to go down to the pavilion and burn their salaries. In the daytime, they will raise a tent or smoke on the pavilion, and at night, they will raise a "clutch chicory fire"."Lihe chicory fire" is a special signal under the emergency and special circumstances of "holding the pavilion barrier", that is, several chicory fires are separated and closed for a while.If the enclosed pavilion can't send out the signal of "burn and accumulate salary", the nearest beacon should send out the signal accurately as required.
It is also stipulated in the Agreement on the Goods of Stopping the Upper Canopy that if the reported signal is found to be wrong, the "lower canopy" shall be immediately carried out, the sent signal shall be cancelled, and a written report shall be written and promptly transmitted to the prefectural office.If the weather is bad, or the pavilion flint is too far away, under the condition of "no smoke in the day, no fire at night", the situation should be written in a written report immediately and reported to the superior in an urgent way.
Some bamboo slips also recorded the guarding objects and daily necessities of a beacon, including the alarm objects such as awning, cloth watch, chicory, accumulated salary and drum;Building objects, aiming instruments "deep eyes", defensive weapons such as crossbows, guns, sheep's head stones, etc.It also showed that the beacon towers were managed by the Hou Officer (Hou Chang).The Hou official is responsible for the Hou history, who is responsible for keeping equipment, repairing buildings, managing "Tiantian", patrolling, inspecting and reporting in time. The Hou official is responsible to the Duwei.In order to ensure the strict implementation of the beacon system, the Han Dynasty had a set of strict systems.
Construction history
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Shang and Zhou Dynasties
the Beacon Tower
It is said that more than 3000 years ago, the Youwang of the Zhou Dynasty was cruel and moody. Since the peerless beauty Bao Si entered the palace, he has been fascinated by beauty all day long.From then on, the Queen Shen of You Wang was confined to a cold palace, but dared not speak out in anger.
A year later, Bao Si gave birth to a boy, Youwang, who was very fond of him;It is named Bofu.From then on, Bao Si secretly arranged to send her henchman to spy on Shen Hou for revenge.
Shen Hou lived a lonely life and was extremely worried.One day, an older maid knew the queen's heart, so she offered her advice to the queen. She asked her mother, Wen Ou, to pretend to be sick. She asked her mother, Wen Ou, to take the opportunity to send her letter to her father, Shen Hou, and the prince, Yi Jiu, so that the prince could return to Beijing for further discussion.After hearing the plan, Shenhou followed it and gave her mother, Wen Ao, a piece of silk. The secret book was hidden in the silk.Unexpectedly, when she came out of the Shenhou Palace, she was captured by her watchers, sent to Bao Si, and found the secret book hidden in the silk on the spot.In a rage, she tore the silk that Empress Shen had given to Old Lady Wen into pieces and told You Wang about it.The You Wang, regardless of everything, cut Wen Ao's sword, abolished the crown prince and made Bao Si the queen and Bo Fu the crown prince.Baosi became queen, and the power in the palace was gradually monopolized by her.The women in the inner palace and the courtiers in the outer court did not fail to flatter her, and you king loved her more and obeyed everything.
After Baosi entered the palace, she never laughed, which made You Wang feel that there was a flaw in it.He used many methods to make Baosi laugh, but failed.One day, the Youwang asked Bao Si what was the best to hear.She said, "In a fit of pique, she caught old woman Wen and tore up the silk that Shenhou sent to old woman Wen. The sound of tearing up the silk was very beautiful." On hearing this, the Youwang immediately ordered to send 100 pieces of silk into the palace every day for the ladies to tear to the queen.But Bao Si still didn't smile.You Ren issued another imperial edict. Anyone who can make the queen laugh inside or outside the palace will be rewarded with thousands of taels of gold.After hearing this, the treacherous minister Guo Shifu thought of a way to tell the king: "When the former king was alive, he set up more than 20 beacon towers and dozens of drums in Lishan for fear of invasion because of the strength of the southern army. Once he found that the army was invading, he set off smoke and fireworks into the sky. When the nearby princes saw it, they sent troops to save it.If the king wants to make the queen smile, he might as well take her to visit Lishan Mountain and light the beacon fire at night. All the princes must lead their troops to come here. If they are fooled, the queen will laugh. "The king listened to the plan and acted accordingly, so he prepared a chariot fight to play with the king in Lishan Mountain later.
At that time, a vassal named Zheng Boyou was in Kyoto. When he heard the news, he was shocked and hurried to the Palace of Li, saying: "The former king set up a beacon tower for emergency use. He lit the beacon without reason and teased the vassals. If the soldiers invaded, he would light the beacon again. Who believed it. What was the emergency then? You didn't listen to the dissuasion and ordered the beacon to be lit immediately.When the nearby princes saw the beacon fire lit, they thought that there was an enemy invasion in Kyoto. All the leaders and generals went to the Palace of Li. When they arrived at the foot of Mount Li, there was not a single enemy soldier. Just listening to the music and singing in the Palace, they talked about it.At this time, the king was drinking and having fun with Bao Si. Hearing the arrival of the princes, he sent people to thank them and said, "Thank you all for being invincible tonight." Hearing this, the princes looked at each other and had to leave with their soldiers.At this time, Baosi saw all the princes were busy for a while, and she smiled and clapped her hands.As soon as the king saw his great joy, he immediately rewarded Guo Shifu with thousands of taels of gold.
What you did angered the Duke of Shen.Lord Shen joined Nanrong and surrounded Kyoto.Guo Shifu learned that he was reading to You Wang: "It's urgent for the king to send someone to Mount Li to set off the beacon fire and summon the princes to defend the enemy." You Wang immediately sent someone to light the beacon fire, but because he broke his promise to the princes last time, the princes thought the Emperor was joking again, so they didn't move.
You Wang could not wait for the rescue, so he had to flee with Bo Fu and Bao Si. On the way, he was caught by the army. The military commander killed you and Bo Fu, but when he saw that Bao Si was beautiful, he didn't kill her.This is a saying from ancient times: "One smile loses the country".
the warring states
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, Northern ethnic groupsVassals contending for hegemony, merged with each other, and several big countries appeared, such as Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, etc.In order to defend each other, they used the original big river embankment or nearby mountains to build the city wall and fortress section by section and link them, forming the ancient military defense engineering system of the Great Wall.But they are small and incoherent.What was initially built was a beacon tower facing each other, or a continuous defensive castle, and then linked them with the city wall, which became the Great Wall.
The beacon towers were built earlier than the Great Wall, but since the appearance of the Great Wall, the beacon towers along the Great Wall have been closely integrated with the Great Wall and become an important part of the defense system of the Great Wall. Some were even built on the Great Wall, especially in the Han Dynasty. The court attached great importance to the construction of beacon towers. In some areas, the connected beacon towers even replaced the Great Wall buildings.Like the Great Wall, the beacon towers along the Great Wall are built with rammed earth and adobe in the northwest;Most of the mountains are built with stones;Since the Ming Dynasty, the eastern part of China has been built with bricks and stones or wrapped with bricks.In addition to being built on the early trunk lines of the Great Wall, beacon towers are generally divided into three types: one is to extend beyond the Great Wall along the passage to monitor the enemy's movements;The other is within the wall of the Great Wall, connected with passes, towns, prefectures and counties, so as to organize counterattacks and clean up the countryside in time;Another is on both sides of the Great Wall（Qin and Han DynastiesIt is sometimes built on the Great Wall), so as to quickly mobilize the border guards along the whole line to meet the enemy.In the early days, there were beacon towers connected with the capital so as to report to the imperial court as soon as possible.
The architectural form of beacon towers in the northwest of Han Dynasty According to the archaeological discoveries today, its main building has a high watchtower (pavilion), which is used to watch the enemy and pass messages.The watchtower (beacon tower) is generally a square cone with a height of more than 10 meters. There are housing buildings on it. Some watchtowers have a small town (called a barrier or a dock) under or near the watchtower. The barrier and dock are generally square with a side length of more than 10 meters. The barrier and dock walls are thick, generally about 2 to 4 meters or even 7 meters. There are small wooden piles called "Tiger Falling" buried around the barrier and dock, and some large barriersThere are also sheep and horse pens, warehouses, weapon depots and other buildings in the dock.Prince Zhang Huai of Tang Dynastyhomme When commenting on the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, he said:JugaoThe head of Jugao has a pocket, and we will buy it with salary grass.If it is always low, there will be bandits. That is to say, they will burn fire to inform each other of the beacon;With more money accumulated, Kou arrived and looked at the smoke, which was called flint. "In the article, Jugao refers to the high shelf that can be used to primer up and down, and points to the cage.
Tang dynastyDu YouIn the Tongdian · Refusing to obey the law, there is a more detailed record of the beacon towers at that time: "The beacon towers were put up on the isolated flat ground without mountains. The lower part of the Yangma City was built, and the lower part of the city was at will. It was always three to five. The tower was five zhang high, two zhang wide at the lower part, and one zhang wide at the upper part. It was round in shape. The upper part of the tower was covered by a round house. The house was six feet wide and three feet wide on one side, with the board as its base.Overlay the stack.There are three ovens on the roof and three under the stage, and the exterior and interior are decorated with lime.Three firewood cages and three fire ropes will be restored.Get up and down near the platform side, and use the knee ladder to get up and down.On the four walls of the house, there are holes for thieves to look at, and fire tubes to look at.One flag, one drum, two crossbows, riprap, wood, water cut-off urn, dry food, Mayun, fire drill, rocket, wormwood, wolf dung, cow dung.Every morning and night, one fire is raised safely, two fires are raised when hearing the alarm, and three fires are raised when seeing smoke and dust.If you see a thief burning a firewood basket, if the fire does not come every morning and night, you will catch the beacon.Six people in one beacon: five people are beacon sons, who pass the signal like a clock, watch the movement, and one person is the beacon leader, who knows the document, symbol, and transfer. "
Song dynasty
the Beacon Tower
Song dynastyZeng GongliangEt al《Master of Martial Arts》The ancient beacon system mentioned in is more detailed, which can be divided into nine categories: the setting of beacon towers, the types of beacon fires, the degree of beacon fires, the method of beacon fires, the law of beacon fire alarm, the method of warning, the secret signal, and the method of changing.Its main contents include:
"Tang Fa, where the border city is waiting to watch, one beacon should be placed every thirty miles at the peak of the mountain. If there are mountains isolated and the terrain is inconvenient, it is not limited to miles. Three beacon cherts should be facing each other. If it is near the border, the beacon fire should be surrounded by a city barrier."
"Where there is a beacon, there is one commander and one deputy commander. There are nine people in each beacon, and the one who believes that he has a family name is the deputy commander. There are nine people in the beacon who go to check the beacon, and they look at it every minute. One person holds an ultimatum sign, and one generation is two years old."
"In the way of setting up the beacon, each beacon has four earth tubes, and four fire tubes are formed between them. The pegs are inserted on the platform, and the fire moment is planned to be installed. Each phase is 25 steps away, which is less than 25 steps away from the dangerous mountain, but the fire is clear and not limited to the distance. The smoke tubes are one foot and five feet high. From half down, the four sides are one foot and two feet high. The top is gradually narrowing. The tube is built first in the mud and then on the mud surface, so that there is no smoke leakage.The cylinder is covered with a bottomless earthen basin. Do not let smoke out.There is a dock stove mouth below, three feet to the ground, one foot and five inches vertically and horizontally, and the door is closed.Every year in the early autumn and winter, the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua are collected, and the leaves, strips and grass festivals are mixed together to pay for smoking.And setting Ma YunFire drillAnd wolf dung.The accumulated area is surrounded by cutting to prevent wildfires from spreading.If you are near, measure the crossbow. "
"If you smoke in the daytime and fire at night, you must first see that the inside of the tube is really good, then take the torch to the stove mouth of the dock when appropriate, burn it into smoke, and when you go out, it should be extinguished. Don't mention that the five foot torch is installed on the soil table peg. When the smoke is corresponding, one person opens and closes one tube of smoke. When two tubes of smoke, two people open and close. When three tubes of smoke, three people open and close.If it is cloudy and foggy in the day, and the smoke cannot be seen, the place where the smoke was originally released will immediately report to the front beacon, and the smoke will be released according to the pattern where the fog is opened.If there is one beacon bearing two or more beacon, use one person to send the post and report where the beacon comes.If the beacon is connected with the post, the post horse will be sent.
"When the bandits enter the country, more than 50 horse infantry and less than 500 soldiers will set off a beacon. When they get to Tibet, there is smoke and dust. If they want to know how to enter the country south, they will set off two torches of beacon. If they are more than 500 bandits and less than 3000 bandits, they will also set off two torches. If they are more than 500 horsemen and less than 1000 bandits, they will set off three torches of beacon. If they are more than 3000 bandits, they will also set off three torches of beacon.If there are more than a thousand bandits without knowing the number of them, set off four beacon torches. If there are more than ten thousand bandits, set off four torches.If a beacon is set on fire, it shall be sent to the prefecture or county under its jurisdiction.Those with more than two torches go to Beijing together.The original smoke release, fire treatment, county and town recorded the information of the state chi post.If the torch is set to the capital in accordance with the rules until the thief returns, the beacon will be set to fire to report safety.Anyone who sends a signal to tell a thief (offender) that three things should be destroyed and three things should be destroyed, and those who report peace that two things should be destroyed and two things should be destroyed. "
the Ming dynasty
In the Ming Dynasty, with the great attention paid to the Great Wall defense project and the extensive use of firearms, the construction and style of beacon towers were also improved. The Ming Dynasty stipulated that: "The smoke mounds everywhere should be built higher and thicker, and May grain and firewood should be stored on them. A well should be opened beside the pier. The wall outside the well should be level with the pier, and the outside should look like a double door.".Many beacon towers were built with bricks, which made them more solid. The distance between towers was also shortened. Some of the towers had wells beside the piers and walls around the piers.Patrol in the 24th year of Jiajing in the Ming DynastyHuang HongPi Shangshu proposed: "The Ministry of Military Affairs of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Military Affairs of the People's Republic of China announced that the officials of the governor's yamen of Shanxi would survey each other and build piers and abutments to link the interior, so that the east and the west could reach the east. There are military offices, five soldiers living in each pier, and five people without military offices, so that they can be exempted from official duties. When there are police officers, they can give rations and report in one piece.Its piers must be high and wide, with two bungalows built on them, women's walls around them, and weapons and gunpowder.The government, such as Zhenbao, will be built as a whole. "
In 1947, Mr. He Lefu, a famous historian, discovered the Deep Gully Erdun Stele near the Ming Great Wall in Lanzhou, Gansu Province.The inscription records the name of the pier, the number of soldiers, weapons, equipment and furniture.The land on the monument is located in Northwest Normal University (formerly Northwest Normal University) in Anning District, Lanzhou City. The specific location is Shuita Mountain in the east of the current university campus. When building the school, it was necessary to find a high place to build a water tower to solve the water problem. This is the deep ditch Erdun (beacon tower) of Lanzhou Ming Great Wall. Mr. He Lefu is now teaching in Northwest Normal University,Archaeological excavation was carried out before the construction of the water tower, and the famous Shengouerdun monument was found, which is now in the museum of Northwest Normal University.The inscription on Shengouerdun Stele of the Ming Dynasty says: "Five famous people in the Dun Army: Ding □'s wife Wang, Ding Hai's wife Liu, Li Liang's wife Tao, Liu Tong's wife Dong, Ma's wife Shi. Firearms: one hook head gun, one thread gun, and all gunpowder and gunpowder.Equipment: each soldier has a bow, a knife, thirty arrows, a military flag, a pair of bangling bells, a rope ladder, five firewood mills, five smoke and soap mills, and twenty stone mills.Furniture: five pots, five vats, ten bowls,?H Ten pairs of chicken, dog and wolf dung.On October 21, the tenth year of JiajingThe names of Dun soldiers and their wives, firearms, equipment, furniture, etc. were carved on the stone tablet to prevent them from escaping and checking and accepting in the future. From then on, it can be seen that Dun soldiers at that time were forced labor.
In the Ming Dynasty, in addition to sending out signals and smoke, the military information was also sent out by fire and smokesulfur, saltpeter, etc.In the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1466), there was a law that stipulated: "Order the border guards to raise and fire the beacon cannon. If they see the enemy, two or more than 100 people will raise and fire one beacon cannon, five hundred people will raise and fire two beacon cannon, more than 1000 people will raise three beacon cannon, more than 5000 people will raise four beacon cannon, and more than 10000 people will raise five beacon cannon." In some defense areas, there are also customized transmission methods, such as hanging lights at each tower on Shangxi Road in Xuanfu Town at night.The long poles with hanging lights are divided into three grades. The hanging lights on the poles are all dyed red. The number of different lamps is used to distinguish the military situation from the number of enemies.In terms of management, the decree also stipulates that: "smoke butts should be set up together, and Houfu should be guarded, and adjustment points must be raised when necessary. It is necessary to accumulate straw and grass extensively, and take turns to visit day and night. In case of an emergency, smoke should be raised in the day, fire should be raised at night, and notification should be received, so as not to damage or mislead the military information";"Those who can defeat the enemy with a good report are expected to do wonders. Those who violate the law will be punished by military law."
Local characteristics
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Zhongwei Site
The first beacon tower of the Great Wall, Zhongwei appeared, built in the Western Han Dynasty
On May 10, on the north side of Zhongwei Xiangshan Airport, as the construction workers carefully brushed away the sand accumulated for a hundred years, a huge square earth rock building with a height of 14 meters and a length of 32 meters and a width of 32 meters was re presented to people.Zhou Xinghua, a well-known domestic Great Wall research expert and the former curator of Ningxia Museum, excitedly told reporters that this is a beacon tower built in the Western Han Dynasty. It was the largest beacon tower of the Great Wall before the Ming Dynasty, and should be "the first tower of the Great Wall".
In the northwest of Zhongwei City, there is a place called "Sifang Pier" by local people.Nearby villagers looked at the huge mound exposed to the sand, and could not help wondering what happened here.After 20 years of field survey of the Great Wall, Zhou Xinghua recently proposed the above research results.He told reporters that what is rare is that there is a barracks site beside the beacon tower, which is one of the most complete barracks of the Han Dynasty in China.According to the Ming Record, Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty also instructed to set up a "mutual market" here to facilitate the border trade between nomadic and agricultural peoples.
Because it is close to the Tengger Desert, most of the city walls have been buried by years of wind and sand, and the surrounding water level changes, this section of the Great Wall needs to be protected urgently.With the consent of the Administration of Cultural Relics of the Autonomous Region and Zhongwei City, Ningxia Desert Weiye Tourism Company carried out a protective clean-up of the "Sifang Pier" and the floating sand connecting the city wall, and at the same time increased archaeological efforts to dig deeply into the history and culture carried by this section of the Great Wall.After repeated argumentation of the scheme, from the perspective of protecting the Great Wall, the surrounding 6000 mu desert lakes, 3000 mu natural Populus euphratica forests, and the film and television locations that had shot the film "Ciling" and other films were planned in a unified way to carry out protective development and create another trump card of tourism in Ningxia.
Linhai Site
The beacon tower is also called the beacon tower, commonly known as smoke tower, fire tower, fort, emergency tower, and smoke pier.The earth fortress outpost built by the ancient frontier defense sent soldiers to Ning Wei. When the enemy invaded, they would call the police with beacon.The remains of beacon hourgoes along the coast of Taizhou are widely distributed. These beacon hourgoes have been destroyed over the years, and few are well preserved.
Since the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Japanese pirates had suffered many times. Many islands and villages along the coast of Taizhou had become the foothold for the Japanese pirates to plunder and invade, and the coastal areas had become the main areas for the Japanese pirates to land, flee and plunder.In order to prevent disasters, it was necessary to set up garrisons, posts and beacon houses along the coast in the early Ming Dynasty.During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522~1566), the Japanese pirates reached the peak, and the Fenghou was set up more closely. At that time, Hu Zongxian supervised the division to suppress the Japanese pirates, and wrote 13 volumes of the Compilation of the Charts of Sea Preparation, which contained all the coastal city defenses, Huishao, and Yandun Fenghou.
These beacon towers are usually located in dangerous places on high mountains. If there is no mountain, they should also be placed on flat ground.The distance between each beacon tower is about 30 to 50 miles, so as to look out, quickly transmit and warn the enemy.In case of enemy situation, smoke will be burned in the day and fire will be raised at night.
The Fenghou Fire Capital was built in the Ming Dynasty, with square stones and round earth piers.According to Volume V of the Six Canons of the Tang Dynasty, "every beacon post should be set 30 li away. If there are isolated hills, they should be set aside. If they can see each other, they don't have to be limited to 30 li. They force people on the border to build cities to set up. Each beacon post a marshal and a deputy. The number of beacon posts, including one torch, two torches, three torches and four torches, varies with the number of thieves."
Each pier and abutment is equipped with a flagpole, a flag is raised in the daytime, a lamp is hung at night, and a cannon, a torch, a gong sound, a knife for chopping firewood, and a flint are also equipped. The kindling is complete.Beacon flint is an ancient border alarm signal. Burning smoke in the daytime is called beacon, and rolling fire at night is called flint."Burning the beacon day and day to watch the fire and smoke, and lifting the flint at night to watch the fire and smoke... All of them are safe on the mountain, and there are some bandits who lift it. Each beacon has a flint length of one to several people, and one person must always take turns to watch the flint stroke. The rest of them are engaged in other defense activities, such as salary accumulation, cooking and other chores. Firewood and grass for burning smoke must be piled up beside the tower.If the Japanese invaders are found, the guards will raise the smoke as a sign, and raise the fire at night as a sign to show the enemy's situation, so that they can pass on continuously.The place where beacon towers are set is called beacon houhou, and the soldiers guarding beacon towers are called beacon rate, or beacon.The Yuanjianliehang · Kaigong Department · Fenghou quoted the Tongjian Note: "In all Fenghou places in the Tang Dynasty, there were Fengshi, Fengfu, Fengzi, soldiers who guarded the beacon, and those who raised the beacon in anticipation of an emergency."
According to the number of invasions and the urgency of the military situation, the signal can be expressed by the different times of shooting, firing and raising beacon.Alarm signal: watch the sea and steal the ship, fire 1 gun and lift 1 beacon;The pirate ship approached the coast, fired 2 guns and raised 2 beacons;The pirates landed, fired three guns and raised three beacons.In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to holding fireworks, they also hung seats.According to the History of the Qing Dynasty, the Military Chronicle, "if the number of bandits reaches 100, hang one seat and fire one gun; if the number of bandits reaches 300, hang two seats and fire two guns; if the number of bandits reaches 500, hang three seats and fire three guns; if the number of bandits reaches 1000, hang five seats and fire five guns; if the number of bandits reaches 10000, hang seven seats and fire three guns."
In the Ming Dynasty, Qiansuo Qianhuo was in charge of four beacon hoursHuameishan (Qiansuo) Fort, Zhongshan (Qiansuo), Changsha (Market), Qingpan (Shangpan'aoli), and Leishi (Leishikeng).In the Qing Dynasty, Qiansuozhai was in charge of six forts, namely, Thrushcross, Shontou, Sanshi, Zhuzhi, Xinting and Zhang'an.
The beacon hourgoes remaining on the mountain top, based on the Taozhu City, spread out from the seaside in a fan shape, and hit each other point and line, forming an intelligence system to convey the enemy's situation.The structures of these beacon towers are mostly trapezoidal and block shaped, with the upper part converging and the lower part wide. They are wrapped in stone and filled with mud, bricks and tiles.The well preserved Shizishan beacon tower of Taozhu Shangtang (7.3 × 6.3 × 3.3 meters), the beacon tower of Duqiao Shichangshan (9.6 × 6.6 × 3.37 meters), the stone steps on the west side to climb up, the fire burning hall in the middle, and the wind wall of about 0.7 meters on the tower, all of which retain the physical witness of the Ming Dynasty, except that some of them were flattened and demolished in the 1950s and 1960s,In other places, the remnants of the Fenghou base can still be identified.
In the third national cultural relics survey in 2008, the Linhai Museum registered the survey points of the coastal beacon towers.In the coastal area, Taozhu area: Shangtang Fenghou (Shangtang Village), Shixiang Fenghou (Tunzhi Village), Handu Mountain Fenghou (Shizhuxia Village), Shizhu Mountain Fenghou (outside Wukeng Village).Duqiao area: Ganshan beacon tower (hundred mu of land fort at Zhixi), Shichang beacon tower (market village), Zhuzhi beacon tower (Jiuhua village), Sanshi beacon tower (southern Sichuan fort village), Shangyangtou fort (Xikou village), Hongdian fort (Shangdakeng tea mountain at Xikou), Zhangaoyang fort (Nanxi fort mountain), Yatou fort (Xiazhou village at Xikou)Damaikeng Fort (Dakeng Mountain, Xiazhou Village).Sheung Wan area: Muliang Yinzhu Fenghou (Jinxingdun Village), Laogujiashan Fenghou (Aoli Village), Leishi Fenghou (Leishikeng Village), Xiajiucheng Fenghou (Jiucheng Village), Dakeng Mountain Fenghou (Shortzhu Village).Xiaozhi area: Hetang Fenghou (Hetang Village), Gangyao Ridge Fenghou (Aokeng Village), Hutou Mountain Fenghou (Chekou Zhongxi Village), Duntai Mountain Fenghou (Chekou Xiazhai Village).Dongteng area: Fenshuiling Fort (Linggen Village), Xiaxishan Beacon Hough (Kangsan Village), Houshangang Beacon Hough (Linggen Village), Xiayuan Beacon Tower (Lingtouchen Village), Yanzidun (Jinkeng Village), Xintingtou Beacon Hough (Yongquan Xintingtou).
Nearby are Qiansuo Town of Jiaojiang, Fengshan Head Fenghou (Qiansuo Shuihui Wai Village Huamei Mountain), Taiping Mountain Fenghou (Xiezhang Village Taiping Mountain), Huoshaotan Fenghou (Dongshantou Village), Zhang'an Fenghou (Zhang'an Duntou Village), Woo Belly Bellows Fenghou (Yangsi Zhu'ao Village), Qitou Yang Fenghou (Qiansuo Chaoxiwu Village).Xianyan Fenghou (Xianyan Village), Jiaohu Mountain Fenghou (Xiaoxiong Gaohu Village), Zhangsi'ao Fenghou (Xiaoxiong Zhangke'ao Village), Guantang Bridge Fenghou (Xiaoxiong Guantang Village), Xiadaotou Fenghou, Shangdaotou Fenghou (Silin Daotou Village) in Sanmen County.
In the eighth year of the Zhengtong period of the Ming Dynasty (1343), the Taozhu City was rebuilt. Qi Jiguang fought against Japanese pirates here. The ancient city played an important role as a military fortress in the war against Japanese invaders. Its coastal areas include Sanmen Jiantiao Ancient City, Jiaohu Patrol Department City, Taozhi Patrol Department City, Lianpan Patrol Department City, Taozhu Middle Old City, Shangpanxia Old City, Lianpan Patrol Department City, Qiansuo Guard City, Haimen Guard City, and Xiaoxiong FloodSilin flood, Taozhu flood, Yingshi flood, Kenbu flood, Sanshi flood, Xiaozhi flood, Wuyan flood, etc., and garrison troops to guard, and Xun to guard the camps and villages, forming an important military facility connecting the city and defense, and connecting the beacon and houhou, which strongly resisted the invasion of Japanese pirates and shoulder the full responsibility of defending against Japanese pirates.
The beacon tower stands on the top of the peaks, facing the smoke towers all the way, and the beacon piers are connected. It is a military defense project in the coastal defense of the Ming Dynasty.The beacon towers along the coast were started one after another and reported to each other. In a moment, the enemy's situation was transmitted to the headquarters of the city of Wei Suo, and the battle could be in imminent condition in a short time.It forms a Great Wall of Haiphong with guard and station as the points and patrol inspection department, Zhaixun and Fenghou as the lines.With the passage of time, the beacon tower, as one of the important military facilities in ancient times, has become a precious cultural relic.
Feixiang Relics
Handan News (reporter Xing Yun, correspondent Li Yaocai, Fan Shengjun) Recently, Wang Fuchen, a villager in Beiying Village, Feixiang County, found a suspected beacon tower building site while digging a sweet potato cellar at home.
According to Wang Fuchen, Beiying Village was the location of Dalahan Village in the Yuan Dynasty, and its geographical location is very important.According to historical records, Feixiang area was once an ancient battlefield of the Yuan Dynasty, and Genghis Khan once sent an important minister, Dalahan, to camp here.
According to the introduction, the site is 7 meters below the ground level, large at the bottom and thin at the top, conical in shape, with a residual height of 2.5 meters, a diameter of about 0.8 meters at the upper part and about 1 meter at the lower part. The wall is 40 cm thick, and there are a lot of traces of vegetation ash on the surrounding soil pile.
Hu Fenglin, an expert on culture in Feixiang County, said that it was the first time that beacon towers were found in Feixiang County. From the perspective of structure and scale, they should be constructed in the Yuan Dynasty, but the specific time needs further investigation.Hu Fenglin said that the discovery of the beacon tower is of great significance to the study of local historical development and military status and role.
Ezhou Site
In front of me, this mound full of shrubs and weeds has an extraordinary life experience.On the 23rd, a group of cultural and museum experts and university professors began to check the pulse of the Three Kingdoms beacon ruins in Wujingshan, Huarong District, Ezhou City.
After preliminary research,[2]It is one of the beacon ruins along the Yangtze River in Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period.Experts of Ezhou Museum said that during the third national cultural relics survey in 2009, the survey team found a number of beacon towers along the Yangtze River in the Eastern Wu of the Three Kingdoms.Among them, the Wujingshan site is an irregular oval terrace, with a residual area of about 500 square meters. It is rammed in the middle of the top of the Wujingshan Mountain, with a length of about 50 meters, a width of about 30 meters, and an area of about 1500 square meters. No cultural relic specimens were collected in 2009.
Sanjiang Port, where the site is located, is under construction as the core port area of Wuhan New Port.Tong Liqun, a professor of Ezhou Vocational University, believes that "Sanjiangkou" was mentioned many times in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is an important geographical location during the Three Kingdoms period, covering at least Duandian Town and Linjiang Township.Experts called for strengthening the protection of Wujingshan beacon ruins and put forward the idea of building "Sanjiangkou Ancient Yandun Cultural Industrial Park".Huarong District has listed it as a district level cultural relics protection unit.
Turpan Site
be situatedthe Silk RoadThe main road, and YiwuLoulanIt is also called the gateway of the Western Regions, which is the key to controlling the traffic arteries between the East and the West in ancient times.It connects to the eastDunhuang, connecting the whole western region to the north, west, southwest and south.The strategic position is very important.Historically, the central government operated the Western Regions, which must be based on transportation.TurpanThe traffic of the region was laid a foundation through the development of the Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, a more developed traffic network and a more complete post system were established than other regions in the Western Regions, which became a typical representative and epitome of the traffic of the entire Western Regions at that time.In the Tang Dynasty, traffic routes and military defense were inseparable. As long as there were military facilities near important traffic routes, some places were juxtaposed with beacon towers.The objective historical carrier of these very important traffic routes in Turpan is the beacon towers that stand on the land of Turpan.
According to the general survey of cultural relics,Turpan BasinThere are 62 military transportation sites, accounting for nearly 32% of Turpan cultural relics, including 42 beacon towers, 9 post stations, 7 garrisons and 4 military garrisons, which are a major type of Turpan cultural relics.These sites are mostly distributed in the basinAlluvial proluvial fanDistrict, including 3 cultural relics protection units at the autonomous region level and 59 at the county and city level.These beacon cherts play an irreplaceable role in implementing the ancient traffic routes on the spot, and are basically arranged in an orderly and regular manner according to the traffic alert routes of Turpan.Understand the situation of some beacon towers in combination with several important traffic warning routes in Turpan.
According to the Dunhuang document Xizhou Tujing, there are 11 traffic routes from Turpan Basin to the outside, and a large number of beacon cherts are distributed along the routes.Mainly: the road from Gaochang old city to Urumqi via Jiaohe old city and poplar, which was called Baishuijian Road in ancient times.The old city of Gaochang passes the old city of JiaoheToksun . Trunk ditch entryYanqi Basin , called Yinshan Road.Jiaohe's hometown reaches Tingzhou via Peach Tree Garden and Yaer Township Pasture, which is called "authentic".Shanshan CountyTo Dunhuang via Dikan, Daasa and southeastDahaido。
The traffic routes and beacon towers form a very regular traffic network in the Turpan Basin, which promotes the development, continuation and exchange of the brilliant ancient civilization of Turpan.And modern people will deeply realize that the reunification of the motherland is a necessity of historical development when they pay tribute to the beacon towers that have survived the storms.These beacons can directly reflect the central government's jurisdiction and construction relationship in the Western Regions, and they are direct historical evidence of the territorial relationshipChinese cultural heritageA systematic heritage group involving history, military affairs and transportation.
Great Wall Site
the Beacon Tower
The Great Wall beacon tower is a military defense project in ancient China.Miracles in the history of world architecture.From the east of the Great WallYalu RiverIt reaches Jiayuguan in the west and passes through nine provinces, cities and autonomous regions of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu. With different landforms, mountains and landforms, it is mostly built at the top of mountains, with a total length of more than 7300 kilometers (14600 li), known as the Great Wall.
The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty in the history of building the Great Wall. The scale of its construction, the completeness of its defense organization, and the firmness of its building materials greatly exceeded those of previous dynasties.The magnificent Great Wall, which runs across the top of the mountains in northern China, has a total length of more than 6700 kilometers and was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.It is a rare ancient military defense project in the history of human architecture. It is famous for its long history, vast projects and magnificent spirit, and is listed by UNESCO“World Heritage List”, known as "the eighth wonder of the world".With the help of today's remote sensor technology, China has re measured the length of the Great Wall to 7300 kilometers.
Longdong Site
There is a green mountain range in Longdong, Henan Province.The mountains run from north to south, with towering mountains in the east and mountains in the west stretching for tens of kilometers.The ancient people named the north as "Zi" and the south as "Wu", so the mountain range is also called Ziwu Ridge.According to historical records, after the Qin Dynasty unified China, the First Emperor ordered Meng Tian, a senior general, to build a straight road from Yunyang in the south (now the north of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to Jiuyuan in the north (now the north of Baotou City), so as to facilitate its northern patrol.Today, on the Ziwu Ridge, the ancient roads of the Qin Dynasty are still indistinct, especially at the top of the hill, where the ancient beacon towers still stand.In March, the reporter came to Luoshan Mansion and Youfanggou in the hinterland of Ziwu Ridge. Under the guidance of local forest farm workers, he accidentally found this relatively complete ancient beacon tower on Nianzi Mountain near Youfanggou.The beacon tower is located at the highest point of Nianzi Mountain, and is open all around.When the reporter arrived, the spring rain was hazy and he could not look far away.However, according to the workers of the forest farm, when it is sunny, standing here, the afternoon pavilion ten miles away, and the other two ancient beacon towers at the mouth of Luoshanfu Valley can also be seen faintly.The beacon tower in front of us is about five meters high, with a square base and a side length of about seven meters.Because of its long history, several lush pear trees on and off the stage took root on it, looking like a garland.The earth block falling off the beacon tower is hard, far more than the natural loess layer.At the same time, the traces left by tamping the foundation with tamping tools when the beacon tower was built can be clearly seen on the soil block."The beacon fire of Shuofang shines on the spring, and Chang'an will fly out of Qilian". Standing on the ancient beacon tower, looking at the vast Ziwu Ridge, people can't help sighing at the changes and vicissitudes of history when they thought about the situation of defending the country in those years.I hope this beacon tower left by our ancestors can stay in the world for a long time and watch the rapid changes here with the green Ziwu Ridge.[3]
Ejina Banner Site
On the hillock outside Wangganshan Village, Qishi Township, the altitude is 150 meters, the platform is about 2 meters high, the bottom is about 5 meters long, and it is made of rock. There are six stone steps in the east, about 1 meter wide, and the northeast corner is slightly collapsed.On the platform, you can see Maoyu Port in the east and Qingshanjiao Port in the southwest. The platform was built in the Ming Dynasty.
18 Beacon Flights of Han Dynasty Found in Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia
Xinhua, Hohhot, October 25 (Reporter Yu Jia) When the staff of the Ejina Banner Cultural Relics Department of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region recently conducted a general survey of the Juyan Relics Group, a city barrier site of the Han Dynasty, 18 new beacon sites of the Han Dynasty were discovered, providing more abundant materials for further research on the Juyan Relics Group.
According to Fu Xingye, director of the Ejina Banner Cultural Relics Management Institute in Inner Mongolia, these newly discovered beacon towers are distributed in the Juyan site group of Dalaihub Town, Dongfeng Town and Mazongshan Sumu in Ejina Banner.Affected by the harsh natural environment of the Gobi Desert, most beacon towers have collapsed into square earth towers or round mounds, and some beacon towers have been rebuilt into oboos with stones on their tops.
"Judging from the grey pottery pieces found around the beacon cherts and the previous archaeological data, these beacon cherts belong to the Juyan site group, which provides the latest precious materials for studying the distribution of beacon cherts in the Juyan site group," Fu Xingye said.
At the same time, cultural relics workers also found a city site in the desert southeast of Jiri Galantugacha in Dalaihub Town.Fu Xingye introduced that the city site is rectangular in plan, and the walls are rammed. The walls on four sides have been eroded by wind and sand into unconnected broken holes, leaving only the base site.There are also a few pieces of grey pottery scattered on the ground nearby, which is preliminarily inferred as the site of the Han Dynasty.As for whether it belongs to the Juyan site group, further research is needed.
Juyan Site Group is located in Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia, and Jinta County, Gansu Province. It is distributed in the area of about 250 kilometers long from north to south and 70 kilometers wide from east to west on both sides of Ejina River (also known as Heihe River, weak water in ancient times), with a total area of about 17500 square kilometers.Juyan Site Group is mainly the city barrier site of the Han Dynasty. In the 1930s, tens of thousands of bamboo slips reflecting the garrison situation of the Han Dynasty frontier fortress were found here.
Yueqing Site
《Records of Yueqing County》It is recorded that there are many deep oceans on the shore of Ou Sea, and every bandit lands at Puqi, Huanghua Pass and Shima.Yueqing has had coastal defense facilities since the Eastern Han Dynasty.The Emperor of the Song Dynasty built the Yannan Ferry, and the coastal defense of Yueqing was more strict. Wenzhou was divided into thirteen villages. Yueqing's Guantou, Dajing, Beijian, and Baisha were all equipped with villages.Baisha also set up patrol inspection department to coordinate with each other.In the Yuan Dynasty, Yueqing set up thousands of houses and thousands of houses.The Japanese invasion began in the Yuan Dynasty, and by the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese invasion was still frequent. The coastal defense was further improved, and coastal guards and offices were set up to build warships.Between Jiajing and Zhejiang, there were four senior officers (generals) and six general officers (soldiers) in Zhejiang Province, and Wenzhou sent one senior general to govern the three guards.Puqi had once stationed one general and three patrol departments, directly under the jurisdiction of Yuhuan Island and Peishan Island, in order to make Japanese pirates dare not enter the mainland.
The Japanese pirates set out from Japan on a thatched boat and came by the northeasterly wind.As soon as I saw the three islands of Chenqianshan, Majishan and Dayangshan at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, I knew that they were close to China. After berthing a boat to draw water from these three islands, I could reach Yueqing and other places in a short time.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were 19 beacon towers in Yueqing.Seven Panshiwei: Yangtian, Chi'ao, Rituan, Sanyu, Shajiao, Zhang'ao, Shuangfeng;Four post offices (post 1000): Qitou, Baisha, Pingxin and Yushan;Eight Puqi stations: Shuangdoumen, Dongshan, Nanpu, Qiantang, Houtang, Xiashantou, Huaqiao, Lou'ao.In addition, there are two governing platforms: Xiabao and Gaosong.The above beacon towers (including those under the jurisdiction of the government) were all set up in the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1787), when Xinguogong Tang and the inspection of Yueqing coastal areas strengthened defense.
In the Qing Dynasty, after adjustment, there were 17 beacon towers (piers).Among them, there are two seats under the jurisdiction of Qingjiang: Meiyu Mountain Terrace and Jiangyan Mountain Terrace;There are three rising administrative terraces: Beifeng Zhitai, Huoshaotan Thatched Cottage and Doumen Thatched Cottage.In addition, there are Bairuo Mountain Terrace, Yaotou Mountain Terrace, Xidian Mountain Terrace (in Furong), Haikou Mountain Terrace (in Furong), Putou Mountain Terrace, Cai'ao Mountain Terrace, etc.
The Yueqing coastline, which stretches for more than a hundred miles, is densely covered with beacon towers and administrative towers. I think that the foreign threat is quite serious because of the instability of the past dynasties.When the beacon fire rushed into the sky, the soldiers and the people rose up to fight, and each beacon tower became a witness of history.[4]
Wenling Site
Sides of beacon tower
Mount Piyun, Xinhe Town, Wenling, has a beacon tower standing on the top of the mountain.There is a pavilion on the top of the hill with stone benches.At the end of the stone steps is the beacon tower, a trapezoidal square platform made of block stones, surrounded by piers.
According to historical records, during the Jiajing period, Japanese pirates were rampant, and war smoke rose in Taizhou.From the 37th year to the 41st year of Jiajing (1558-1562), Qi Jiguang went to Taizhou for many times to fight against Japanese invaders, winning nine battles and nine victories successively, and annihilating more than 5400 enemies.
In the early May of the 38th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1559)Military leader famed for combat against Japanese pirate invadersCooperate with the Deputy Envoy of Zhejiang Provincial ProcuratorateTan LunThe leader defeated the Japanese invaders who had invaded Haimen. Due to heavy rain for several days, they could not continue to fight.Qi Jiguang predicted that the Japanese pirates would escape from the nearby Jinqing Gate, ordered his men to build piles and tie boats in the river to block the way out to the sea, and forced them to build fortifications on the mountain in front of Xinhesuo to resist.Qi Jiguang deployed the spearmen as the vanguard, arranged the front line, lured the enemy to the south gate of the city of Xinhesuo, and then divided his troops into three routes to attack together from the east, middle and west.The Japanese retreated into the ship. The Ming army attacked the ship with a blunderbuss. The Japanese abandoned the ship and fled.The Ming army burned 32 Japanese brigades, and more than 1000 Japanese pirates were burned and drowned.The remnant fled in confusion and tried to go to sea from Yueqing Bay.Qi Jiguang pursued the victory and arrived in Taiping County at dusk on May 11.The next day, when they reached Nanwan, the Ming army attacked and annihilated the remnants of Japanese pirates.In the fierce battle, Qi Jiguang and his younger brother Qi Jimei shot and killed two of the enemy's leaders. In this battle, the Japanese invaders were severely hit and the enemy's number one in the "nine victories in Taizhou" was wiped out.
Front of beacon tower
In the 41st year of Jiajing (1562), a "Stele to the Victory of Qi Gong in Nantang" was erected beside Douqiao in New Hebei. Xu Yue, the commander of Taiping County, wrote an article describing the "great victory of the new river" against Japanese invaders.This monument is a provincial historical relic.
The superior strategic position of Xinhe makes it often the base camp of the "Qi Family Army".According to historical records, Qi Jiguang's wife, Wang, once lived in Xinhe with the army.One day, the army went out to fight, leaving only a small number of defenders. When a large number of Japanese invaders invaded her, Madam Qi was unafraid. She immediately mobilized women and children in the city to wear military uniforms and line up at the city head, hanging the "Qi" military flag, and performed the "empty city strategy" to scare off Japanese invaders.Then came the story of Madame Qi Sticking to the New River City.The two typical folktales collected by Zhang Yue and Xia Yougui were selected into Zhejiang Folktale Collection.
After the "Xinhe Great Victory", the Japanese pirates were still rampant. Qi Jiguang kept moving to Datian, Taozhu, Jiantiao, Baishuiyang, Songmen, Chumen, Aohuan and other places, making repeated achievements.The beacon tower on Mount Piyun was rebuilt in the spring of 2002. The words "beacon tower" were written by Mr. Dai Yu, and the couplet was titled "The moon is near, the beacon smoke is cold, and the tower is high and the sky is fragrant".[5]
Jinta Site
Jinta CountyOn the high mountain top on the west bank of Heihe River, about 7 kilometers south of Daciwan Village, Dingxin Town, stands a beacon tower, which is Dadunmen Dadun. It faces Dadunmen Reservoir across the river.The beacon tower has a bottom diameter of 19.5 meters and a height of about 11 meters, which is in the shape of a dome.The inner layer of the beacon tower is made of rammed earth slabs, and the outer layer is made of 0.18 × 0.30 × 0.07m adobe with one flat and two vertical masonry, and the surface is painted.The beacon tower is well preserved as a whole, with traces of climbing up and down on the east side.There are rope like grey pottery pieces, black glazed porcelain pieces and white porcelain pieces scattered around.fromGansu ProvinceAccording to the situation of the existing beacon towers in the territory, the Dadunmen and Dadun are rare in terms of their scale and preservation, and can be called "the largest pier in Gansu".
There are more than 100 beacon towers built in the Han and Ming Dynasties in Jinta County.According to historical records, in the early Han Dynasty, in order to prevent the Huns from invading,Martial EmperorIn the third year of Taichu (102 BC), Qiangnu Duwei was dispatchedLuboldFrom the entrance of Zhenyi Gorge in Gaotai County northward, Juyan Fortress was built along Heihe River to Juyan area, and facilities such as Guancheng, beacon, fort were built along the line, officials were set up to open canals, and immigrants were stationed for reclamation.Judging from the geographical location of Dadunmen Dadun, it is located at the top of the mountain, along the Juyan Fortress, facing Shiban Pier and Tu'er Pier to the south, echoing with beacon towers such as Daciwan Pier and Shuangshuzi Pier to the north, and connected to Juyan.There is no doubt that the Great Pier Gate and the Great Pier should be an important beacon on the defense line of Yansai.[6]
Lintong Site
The Youwang Mausoleum and Baosi Mausoleum are located in Songjia Village and Yawang Castle, 30 miles east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province.The beacon tower is the highest point of Lishan Mountain on the first peak of West Xiuling of Lishan Mountain in Lintong.The cypress trees around here are one of the scenic spots in Lishan Mountain.Take bus 914, 915 and You 5 Line (306) from the East Square of Xi'an Railway Station, get off at the "Huaqing Pool" Station, and then walk for about 3 minutes to the scenic spot, about 50 minutes by car.[7]
News Events
Announce
edit
Demolition event
On May 29, the netizen "Play the Earth Every Day" sent out a microblog saying that a beacon tower on the mountain near Niuding, a famous scenic spot in Funing County, was demolished by people.A few days ago, after the beacon tower was completely demolished, this netizen sadly called our news hotline to ask for attention.
The netizen "playing the earth every day" named Zhang Han (not his real name), was from Dashikou Village, Daxinzhai Town, Funing County.Zhang Han told reporters that the demolished beacon tower was located on a mountain in the east of Dashikou Village.On May 29, Zhang Han found that someone had demolished the beacon tower and immediately called the mayor's hotline 12345 to report it. Then people from the town and county went to the scene to stop it. Half of the beacon towers that had not been demolished were preserved.Unexpectedly, on June 5, a group of people went all out to raze the beacon tower to the ground.
Zhang Han, a native of the Big Stone Cave, has deep feelings for the beacon tower.Now, the beacon tower that has accompanied us for many years has disappeared, and the family always feels blocked in their hearts."The beacon tower is a cultural heritage. How can such an important cultural relic be demolished at will? It is too late to protect the things left by the old ancestors," said Zhang Han.
After more than an hour's drive to Dashikou Village, Daxinzhai Town, Funing County, the reporter climbed two mountains to the top of Dongshan Mountain to the east of Dashikou Village, and observed the demolished beacon tower on the spot. It was found that the trees near the beacon tower site had been cut down, while the beacon tower that stood on the top of the mountain a month ago after hundreds of years of wind and rain had been basically razed to the ground,Huge stones were pushed down and scattered on the hillside, leaving only a simple base.
Subsequently, the reporter consulted the Great Wall experts by telephone.Hao Sanjin, the secretary-general of the Great Wall Society of Qinhuangdao City, was shocked when he learned that the beacon towers were destroyed, and said that it was illegal to demolish them, so he should report it immediately. "There are 975 beacon towers in Qinhuangdao, which are an important part of the Great Wall in Qinhuangdao, according to the records of experts on the spot. If this event is true, then there are only 974 beacon towers left in Qinhuangdao.”
The reporter saw at the scene that on the mountain not far from the destroyed beacon tower, the same beacon tower was completely preserved.Villagers said that the demolished beacon tower was also damaged more than 20 years ago. In those years, the village took stones from the beacon tower to build a dam. Unexpectedly, the beacon tower was completely demolished after many years.The villagers hope that the relevant departments can investigate the event of the man-made demolition of the beacon tower, and what is the reason for the disappearance of the beacon tower.Great Wall experts also said that they would conduct a field visit to the demolished beacon towers in the near future[1]。[8]
Maintenance site
[9]China News Network, Urumqi, September 23 (Chen Ying) On September 22, the protection and reinforcement project of 33 beacon towers in Bazhou, a Great Wall resource protection project approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, was officially launched in Luntai County, the hometown of the capital of the Western Regions.Bazhou Culture, Sports, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Cultural Relics Bureau and Luntai County Government held the commencement ceremony at the Layisu beacon tower in Qunbake Town.
The protection and reinforcement project of 33 beacon towers in Bazhou is the largest Great Wall resource protection project approved by the State and Autonomous Region Cultural Relics Bureau in Bazhou.Among them, there are 11 beacon towers under national key cultural relics protection, 9 beacon towers under autonomous region level cultural relics protection, and 13 beacon towers under county level cultural relics protection.The protection and reinforcement project of the beacon tower site in Bazhou will adhere to the protection of the site status quo and follow the principles of raw materials, original structure, original methods and original processes.The total investment of the project is 10.4 million yuan, and the construction period is 13 months. 33 beacon towers located in Luntai, Yuli, Qiemo, Ruoqiang, Yanqi, Hejing, and Heshuo counties in the prefecture will be repaired and reinforced to prevent further wind erosion, rain erosion, cracks, and biological damage, and restore the existing appearance.At the same time of protection and reinforcement, archaeological clearing, site mapping, image data entry, information data collection, setting up protection signs, setting fences and other work will be carried out simultaneously. For beacon towers with representative, historical and social values, plank roads will be paved and some visiting roads will be built.
It is reported that the construction of resources and facilities of the Great Wall in Xinjiang is an important part of the ancient Great Wall of China.Different from the Great Wall ruins in the mainland, the Great Wall in Xinjiang has no continuous wall. Instead, according to the special geological characteristics, it has built a defense system with the city as the center of gravity, and built beacon towers, garrisons, post stations and other defense systems in the form of dots and blocks, but it continues the architectural features and military uses of the Great Wall in the Central Plains.After more than 2000 years from the Han, Tang and Qing Dynasties, Xinjiang still has more than 600 military fortresses, such as beacon towers, garrisons, cities, passes, post stations, and Kalun.Bazhou, as the first station of the Western Han Dynasty to develop the Western Regions, an important place to cultivate and defend the border, and a thoroughfare of the ancient Silk Road, has 665 immovable cultural relics sites in different historical periods used to defend and stabilize the border.[10-11]
