Clean energy, namely green energy, refers to energy that does not emit pollutants and can be directly used for production and life, including nuclear energy and "renewable energy".
In 2022, China will generate 2959.9 billion kilowatt hours of electricity from clean energy such as hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar power, an increase of 8.5% over the previous year.[8]
In January 2024, Deputy Director of International Cooperation Department of National Energy AdministrationPan HuiminAt the press conference held by the National Energy Administration, it was said that in 2023, the new installed capacity of global renewable energy will be 510 million kilowatts, of which China's contribution will exceed 50%.[11]
On February 29, 2024, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Statistical Bulletin of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China in 2023. The annual clean energy power generation was 3190.6 billion kWh, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year.Clean energy consumption accounted for 26.4% of total energy consumption, up 0.4 percentage points.[12]
Chinese name
clean energy
Foreign name
clean energy
Alias
clean energy
Composition
Nuclear energy, renewable energy
Category
Water energy, wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, etc
Traditionally, clean energy refers to environmentally friendly energy, which means environmental protection, less emissions and less pollution.However, this concept is not accurate enough, which can easily lead people to mistake it for the classification of energy, which can be divided into clean and unclean energy, thus misunderstood the original meaning of clean energy.[2]
The accurate definition of clean energy should be: the technical system of clean, efficient and systematic application of energy.There are three meanings: first, clean energy is not a simple classification of energy, but refers to the technical system of energy utilization;Second, clean energy emphasizes not only cleanness but also economy;Third, the cleanness of clean energy means that it meets certain emission standards.
Renewable energy refers to energy that can be recycled from raw materials, such asHydropower、Wind power generation、solar energyBioenergy (biogas)geothermal energy(including ground source and water source)tideCan these energy sources.There is no possibility of energy depletion in renewable energy. Therefore, the development and utilization of renewable energy are increasingly valued by many countries, especially those with energy shortage.
Layout of Large Clean Energy Base during the 14th Five Year Plan Period[7]
energy
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Energy is the substance that provides energy conversion to nature（mineralEnergy, nuclear physical energy, atmospheric circulation energy, geographical energy).Energy is the material basis of human activities.In a sense, the development of human society is inseparable from the emergence of high-quality energy and the use of advanced energy technology.In today's world, the development of energy, energy and the environment are issues of common concern to the whole world and mankind, as well as important issues for China's socio-economic development.
The meaning of clean energy includes two aspects:[10]
New energy publicity pictures
renewable energy
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After consumption, it can be recovered and replenished without producing or very little pollutants.Such as solar energyWind energy，Bioenergy、Hydroenergy，geothermal energy，Hydrogen energyEtc.China is an international clean energy giant, the world's largest solar energywind powerAnd the birthplace of environmental technology companies.
Non renewable energy
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Minimize the pollution to the ecological environment in the process of production and consumption, including the use of low pollutionFossil energy(such as natural gas) and fossil energy processed by clean energy technology, such asClean coal, clean oil, etc.
nuclear energyAlthough it is clean energy, it is consumeduraniumFuel is not renewable energy, and the investment is high, and almost all countries, including the countries with the most advanced technology and management, cannot guarantee the absolute safety of nuclear power plantschernobyl accident , AmericanThree Mile Island accidentAnd JapaneseFukushima Nuclear accidents have a great impact,nuclear power plantIn particular, the main targets of war or terrorist attacks may have serious consequences after being attacked, sodeveloped countryThe construction of nuclear power plants is being postponed. Germany is preparing to gradually close all nuclear power plants and replace them with renewable energy, but the cost of renewable energy is higher than other energy sources.
Renewable energy is the most ideal energy, which can not be affected by energy shortage, but also by natural conditions. If necessarywaterpower、wind power、Solar energy resourcesThe most important thing is that investment and maintenance costs are high and efficiency is low, so the cost of electricity generated is high. Now many scientists are actively looking for ways to improve the efficiency of using renewable energy. It is believed that with the shortage of earth resources, renewable energy will play an increasingly important role.
Ocean energy
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Ocean energyAttached to sea waterrenewable energyThe ocean receives, stores and emits energy through various physical processestide, wave, temperature difference, salinity gradientocean currentAnd other forms exist in the ocean.
2. Conversion of light and electricity, such asSolar panel, solar cars, boats, etc.
Solar clean energyIt is to convert the sun's light energy into other forms of heat energy, electric energy and chemical energy. During the energy conversion process, no other harmful gas or solid waste will be produced. It is a new type of energy that is environmentally friendly, safe and pollution-free.
The life cycle assessment (LCA) results of comprehensive utilization of solar energy show that the previous utilization of solar photovoltaic conversion relies on solar panels, which are highly polluting and energy consuming materials in the production process, so the utilization cost and environmental cost are high.The thermoelectricity studied is in the direction of solar thermal utilization.
Wind energy
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Wind energy
The kinetic energy generated by the massive air flow on the earth's surface.Due to the different temperature changes and the different water vapor content in the air after the ground is irradiated by the sun, the air pressure in different places is different, and the high-pressure air flows to the low-pressure area in the horizontal direction, which is called wind.Wind energy resourcesIt depends on the wind energy density and the annual cumulative hours of available wind energy.Wind energy density is the wind power available per unit windward area, and the sum of the third power of wind speedAir densityIs proportional.It is estimated that the total amount of wind energy in the world is about 130 billion kilowatts.Wind energy resources are greatly affected by terrain, and most of the world's wind energy resources are concentrated in coastal and open continental contraction zones.In nature, wind is a renewable, pollution-free energy with huge reserves.along withglobal warmingandenergy crisisAll countries are stepping up the development and utilization of wind power to minimizecarbon dioxideetc.greenhouse gasesTo protect the earth on which we live.
The use of wind energy is mainly driven by wind energy and wind power generation, of which wind power generation is the main form.The wind power is used to directly drive various mechanical devices, such as driving water pumps to lift water. The advantages of this wind engine are: less investment, high efficiency, economy and durability.
Hydrogen energy
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1. Among all gases, hydrogen has the best thermal conductivity, which is 10 times higher than that of most gases. Therefore, hydrogen is an excellent heat transfer carrier in the energy industry.
2. Hydrogen is the most common element in nature. It is estimated that it constitutes 75% of the mass of the universe. In addition to hydrogen contained in the air, it is mainly stored in water in the form of a compound, and water is the most extensive material on the earth.It is estimated that if all the hydrogen in the sea water is extracted, the total heat generated by it will be more than all the heat on the earthfossil fuelIt emits 9000 times more heat.
Hydrogen energy
3. Except for nuclear fuel, the calorific value of hydrogen is that of all fossil fuels, chemical fuels andBiofuelsThe highest is 142351kJ/kg, which is three times of the calorific value of gasoline.
4. Hydrogen has good combustion performance, fast ignition, wide combustible range when mixed with air, high ignition point and fast combustion speed.
5. Hydrogen itself is non-toxic. Compared with other fuels, hydrogen combustion is the cleanest. Except for generating water and a small amount of hydrogen nitride, it will not producecarbon monoxide、carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, lead compounds, dust particles and other pollutants harmful to the environment, a small amount of hydrogen nitride will not pollute the environment after proper treatment, and the water generated from combustion can continue to produce hydrogen for repeated recycling.
Bioenergy
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Bioenergy is a form of energy in which solar energy is stored in biology in the form of chemical energybiomassAs the carrier of energy, it directly or indirectly comes from the photosynthesis of plants. Among various renewable energy sources, biomass is unique. It is the stored solar energy, but also the only renewable carbon source, which can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.All biomass has a certain amount of energy, and the energy utilization is mainly agricultural and forestry by-products and their processing residues, including human and livestock manure and organic wastebiomass energy It provides basic fuel for human beings.Sweet sorghum is the main biomass energy. Chinese sweet sorghum is the first Yajin series sweet sorghum variety cultivated by scientists in 1965. Sweet sorghum is waterlogging resistant, drought resistant, salt tolerant, and suitable forHainan IslandWhen planted in Heilongjiang, the sugar brix is 18-23%, and 1 ton of sweet sorghum straw can be produced per 4 muAquatic organismEthanol.Sweet Sorghum in Chinese GasolineBioethanolThe proportion is 10%.70% of China's biomass energy reserves are in the vast rural areas, and the application is mainly in rural areas.A considerable number of regions are promoting and demonstrating rural biogas technology, which is simple and mature and is gradually being promoted.[2]
Bioenergy has the following advantages:
(1) Provide low sulfur fuel.
(2) Provide cheap energy (under certain conditions).
(4) Compared with other non-traditional energy sources, there are fewer technical problems.
As for its disadvantages:
(1) Plants can only convert a small amount of solar energy into organic matter,
(2) . The organic matter energy per unit land surface is low,
(3) Lack of land suitable for planting plants,
(4) The moisture content of organic matter is too high (50%~95%)
geothermal energy
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Natural heat energy
geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is the natural heat energy extracted from the crust, and this energy comes from the earth's interiorLava, andThermalThe existence of form is the causeVolcano eruptionAnd earthquake energy.The temperature of the earth's interior is as high as 7000 degrees Celsius, and at a depth of 80 to 100 km, the temperature will drop to 650 degrees Celsius to 1200 degrees Celsius.Through the flow of groundwater and lava flowing to the crust 1 to 5 kilometers above the ground, heat can be transferred to a place closer to the ground.The hot lava heats the groundwater nearby, and the heated water will eventually seep out of the ground.The simplest and most cost-effective way to use geothermal energy is to directly use these heat sources and extract their energy.Geothermal energy canRenewable resources。
utilize
1. 200~400 ℃ direct power generation and comprehensive utilization;
3. 100~150 ℃ double cycle power generation, heating, refrigeration, industrial drying, dehydration processing, salt recovery, canned food;
4. 50~100 ℃ heating, greenhouse, domestic hot water, industrial drying;
5. Bathing at 20~50 ℃, aquaculture, livestock raising, soil heating, dehydration and processing.
In order to improve the utilization rate of geothermal energy, many countries have adoptedCascade developmentAnd comprehensive utilization methods, such as cogeneration, cogeneration of heat, power and cooling, heating before breeding, etc.
Water energy is a kind ofrenewable energyClean energy refers to the kinetic energypotential energyAnd pressure energy, etcEnergy resources。GeneralizedHydropower resourcesIncluding river hydropowerTidal hydroenergy, wave energy, current energy and other energy resources;The narrow sense of hydropower resources refers to the hydropower resources of rivers.It is conventional energy,Primary energy。Water can not only be directly used by human beings, it is also the carrier of energy.Solar energy drives the water cycle on the earth to keep it going.The flow of surface water is an important link. In areas with large drop and flow, there are abundant hydropower resources.along withfossil fuelWater power is a very important and promising alternative resource.Hydropower in the world is still in its infancy.Water movements such as rivers, tides, waves and swells can be used to generate electricity.
Nuclear energy (or atomic energy) is the energy released from the atomic nucleus by transforming its mass, which conforms toAlbert EinsteinE=mc ², where E=energy, m=mass, and c=constant speed of light.Nuclear energy is released through one of three nuclear reactions: 1Nuclear fissionOpen the binding force of atomic nucleus.2、nuclear fusionThe particles of atoms fuse together.3. Nuclear decay, a much slower form of fission in nature.
advantage
1. Nuclear power generation does not emit huge amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere like fossil fuel power generation, so nuclear power generation will not causeair pollution。
3. The uranium fuel used in nuclear power generation has no other purpose except for power generation.
4. Nuclear fuelenergy density It is several million times higher than fossil fuel, so the fuel used in nuclear power plants is small in size and easy to transport and store. A 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant only needs 30 metric tons of uranium fuel a year, and one flight of aircraft can complete the transportation.
5. In the cost of nuclear power generation, the proportion of fuel cost is low, and the cost of nuclear power generation is less vulnerable to the international economic situation, so the cost of power generation is more stable than other power generation methods.
shortcoming
1. Nuclear power plants will produce high-low level radioactive waste or used nuclear fuel. Although it occupies a small volume, it is radioactive
Therefore, it must be handled carefully and face considerable political difficulties.
2. The thermal efficiency of nuclear power plants is low, so they emit more waste heat to the environment than ordinary fossil fuel power plants, so the thermal pollution of nuclear power plants is serious.
3. The investment cost of nuclear power plants is too high, and the financial risk of power companies is high.
4. Nuclear power plants are not suitable for peak and off peak load operation.
5. The construction of nuclear power plants is more likely to cause political differences and disputes.
6. There are a lot of radioactive substances in the reactor of the nuclear power plant. If they are released to the external environment in an accident, they will cause harm to the ecology and the people.
Current situation in China
Nuclear power is a clean energy. China has built Qinshan Nuclear Power StationDaya Bay Nuclear Power Station, Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station, etc.The operation is good.It is one of the main power generation sources in China, ranking second only to coal and hydropower.According to Sina.com, the Chinese government plans to actively develop nuclear power from 2006 to 2010, focusing on the construction of million kilowatt nuclear power plants;The long-term plan is to increase the annual nuclear power generation capacity from 8700 MW to 40000 MW by 2020, which means that China will build 30 more nuclear power plants in the 14 years from 2006 to 2020.[2]
On March 5, 2023, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out in the government work report that over the past five years,The proportion of clean energy consumption rose from 20.8% to more than 25%.[9]
Flywheel energy storage
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Flywheel energy storage is a technology that uses high-speed rotating flywheels to store energy.In the energy storage stage, the flywheel is driven by the motor to accelerate the flywheel to a certain speed and convert electric energy into kinetic energy;In the energy release phase, the flywheel decelerates to drive the motor to operate as a generator, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy.Typical flywheel energy storage devices generally include high-speed rotating flywheel, closed housing and bearing system, power conversion and control system, etc.[3]
Flywheel energy storage has the advantages of high energy storage density, charging and discharging times independent of charging and discharging depth, high energy conversion efficiency, high reliability, easy maintenance, low requirements for use environment conditions, no pollution, etc.However, the development of large-scale flywheel energy storage system is still difficult in high-speed and low loss bearing, power generation/motor, heat dissipation and vacuum technologies.
Flywheel energy storage technology mainly has two branches. One is the high-capacity flywheel energy storage technology represented by contact mechanical bearings, which is characterized by storing kinetic energy and releasing power, and is generally used for short-time high-power discharge and electric peak shaving.Secondlymagnetic bearing The main features of small and medium-sized flywheel energy storage technology are compact structure and higher efficiency. It is generally used as flywheel batteryUninterruptible power supplyEtc.[3]
Responding to the energy crisis
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Seven Steps to Deal with the Energy Crisis
How will China cope with the severe energy crisis?Strategic planning and layout of energy should be carried out to ensure China's energy security capability.In this regard, Zhang Yousheng put forward seven suggestions:
1、 Actively grasp the development rhythm and form an efficient energy production system.This is the priority of China's energy strategy.[4]It is unsustainable not to waste while importing desperately.From the perspective of economics, our current demand expansion has not yet made enough response to the rise in oil prices. There are many reasons, for example, the rapid economic growth driven by domestic investment in infrastructure construction has also boosted oil demand.Therefore, the top-level design and overall planning should be strengthened.
2、 Make rational use of energy, actively guide consumption and control total consumption;China's per capita energy resources are low;Low energy efficiency and high energy consumption;Fossil energyIn particular, the large-scale development and utilization of coal cause pollution to the ecological environment;These situations affect energy security and restrict the development of China's energy industry.
These problems are determined by the international energy competition pattern and China's productivity level, and are also closely related to the irrational industrial structure and energy structure, the extensive way of energy development and utilization, and the lagging reform of relevant systems and mechanisms.We need to vigorously promote the reform of energy production and utilization methods, and constantly improve the policy system, so as to realize the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of energy, economy, society and ecology.
In particular, the reasonable consumption of oil should be the long-term energy strategy and policy goal of China, and various measures should be taken to save energy.From the perspective of economics, both recyclable and non recyclable resources are scarce. Developing a resource saving circular economy is an economic development model that can realize the rational allocation of resources.
In addition, we should pay full attention to the regulation of price on demand. Oil exporting countries adopt subsidies, the United States allows free development and low taxes, while Europe and Japan adopt a high tax attitude to curb excessive consumption.While China needs subsidies to keep oil prices down, it also wants to save money, and it also wants to be safe. This is a dilemma.We should actively advocate a convenient and comfortable way of life and consumption that is suitable for China's national conditions, valuable, socio-cultural, and convenient.
3、 Firmly promote the reform in the energy field, accelerate the construction of systems and mechanisms conducive to the scientific development of energy, improve the energy development environment, promote the reform of energy production and utilization methods, and ensure national energy security.
The first is to accelerate the legal construction of energy.China attaches great importance to and continues to actively promote the construction of the energy legal system. It is studying, demonstrating and formulating the energy law and administrative regulations on oil reserves, offshore oil and gas pipeline protection, nuclear power management, etc., revising and improving existing laws and regulations such as the Coal Law and the Electricity Law, and promoting legislation in the fields of oil, gas, atomic energy, etc.
The second is to improve the market system and mechanism.China actively promotes the reform of energy marketization and gives full play to the fundamental role of the market in allocating resources.All projects listed in the national energy plan are open to private capital except those explicitly prohibited by laws and regulations.We will encourage private capital to participate in the exploration and development of energy resources, the construction of oil and gas pipelines, and the construction of electric power. We will encourage private capital to develop the coal processing and transformation and oil refining industries, and continue to support private capital to fully enter the new and renewable energy industries.
Thirdly, strengthen the management of the energy industry.Attach importance to strategic planning and macro-control of energy development, and implement industry management by means of comprehensive planning, policies, standards and other means.
4、 The layout is reasonable, and crude oil and other resources are actively reserved.Some measures may need to be planned in advance. We need to take measures from oil transport channels, including the blockade issues mentioned in Iran and the Strait of Hormuz.All these factors should be considered comprehensively.We should also adhere to the diversified direction of energy imports.On the one hand, we should consider the economy; on the other hand, we should fully consider not putting eggs in one basket.
5、 Sound, timely and flexibleEmergency response mechanism。In order to avoid the interruption of energy supply caused by unexpected disasters and improve China's energy emergency response capacity.
6、 Cooperate and guarantee to form a diversified supply system of international energy foreign aid.Diversified energy supply system is very important. The increase of fossil energy in China is limited. It is necessary to realize the application system of coal, water, oil, shale gas and other energy simultaneously.In terms of energy cooperation, we should establish a new energy security concept of mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified development and coordinated guarantee, coordinate two markets and two resources at home and abroad, accurately grasp cooperation opportunities, strengthen energy cooperation with neighboring countries, and maintain national energy security in an open pattern.At the same time, we should vigorously develop new renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy. We should have a long-term development strategy to make them gradually become weak from now on and gradually play a substantive role in substitution.Grasp the most advanced nuclear, water and electricity technologies, promote diversified and clean energy development, and cultivate strategic emerging industries.
7、 Increase China's voice in world energy governance, participate in and influence the world's energy main body, and guide the world energy market.At the World Future Energy Summit in early 2012, Premier Wen Jiabao proposed that "all countries should consider establishing a new mechanism for the global energy market within the framework of the G20." This was seen by the outside world as a response to the global energy upheaval. While sticking to the domestic perspective, China will still adhere to the "going global" strategy in order to meet the domestic energy supply gap,Strengthen the cooperative development of overseas oil and gas resources.We will improve the institutional mechanisms for international cooperation and take an in-depth part in global energy governance.Strengthen communication and cooperation with countries around the world to jointly respondinternational monetary systemThe impact of excessive speculation, monopoly and other factors on the energy market to maintain the international energy market and price stability.
Whether clean coal is clean energy is still controversial.
Development prospect
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Prospects for China
In the next decade, China's energy will achieve two goals: first, by 2020non-fossil fuelsAccounting for about 15% of the total primary energy consumption;Second, unit GDP by 2020carbon dioxideThe emissions decreased by 40%~45% compared with 2005.
Today, China has become the world's largest clean energy investment country.
According to the 2012 Global Clean Energy Investment Report, the total global investment in 2012 was 268.7 billion US dollars, equivalent to five times that in 2004.Among them, China's investment in clean energy reached a record US $67.7 billion, an increase of 20% over 2011. Its total investment ranked first in the world and became the global leader in clean energy.[5]
International prospects
With the growing demand for energy and the strengthening of environmental protection in the world, the promotion and application of clean energy has become an inevitable trend.Experts predict that due to the advantages of natural gas combined cycle power generation, such as high efficiency, flexible operation, low investment and short construction time, its share of power generation fuel in the world will increase from 19% in 2003 to 22% in 2030.From 2003 to 2030, the installed power generation capacity of natural gas will increase by 1.07 billion kilowatts, accounting for 33% of the global installed power generation capacity from 27%.The development of nuclear power also shows a momentum of improvement.Looking ahead, from 2003 to 2030, the international nuclear power installed capacity will increase from 361 million kilowatts to 438 million kilowatts.Among them, China, India and Russia saw the largest increase in nuclear power installed capacity.The world's nuclear power generation will increase from 2.5 trillion kilowatt hours in 2003 to 3.3 trillion kilowatt hours in 2030.Hydropower and other clean energy power generation are expected to increase.By 2030, the installed capacity of interconnected hydropower and other clean energy power generation will be 553 million kilowatts more than that in 2003.Among them, most of the growth comes from large-scale hydropower in Asian countries.China will be the country with the largest increase in hydropower, IndiaLaosBoth Vietnam and China have plans to develop hydropower.Influenced by high oil prices and other factors, the proportion of electricity generated by fuel in the world will be reduced from 10% in 2003 to 7% in 2030.
September 2012World Economic ForumThe 2012 Latest Energy Outlook Report jointly released with HIS Cambridge Energy Research Association pointed out that more than 100 countries have formulated renewable energy development goals, and the growth of the new energy industry can transform the crisis in the climate, energy and financial fields into new opportunities for sustainable growth, thus providing new impetus for the development of the world economy.In 2011, the global renewable energy power generation increased by 17.7% compared with 2010, showing a double-digit growth for eight consecutive years. The renewable energy power generation accounted for 3.8% of the global total power generation in that year.Among them, wind power generation increased by 25.8%, exceeding 50% of the total renewable energy power generation for the first time.Affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, the global total nuclear power generation in 2011 was 2518 TWh, 4.3% less than that in 2010[6]。
Although the prospect is attractive, it should be widely usedRenewable energy power generationThe cost must be effectively reduced.In May 2011,United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeA report released pointed out that only 2.5% of the existing renewable energy technology potential in the world has been utilized. If these potential can be fully utilized with the support of correct public policies, renewable energy will provide 77% of the global annual energy demand by 2050, and can reduce the total amount of 2200-5600 tonscarbon dioxideDischarge.The report also points out that the promotion of renewable energy will face enormous challenges in terms of economy and technology.[6]
According to the prediction of the International Energy Agency, many countries will take measures such as carbon pricing in the future to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the process of power generation, but the future cost reduction of renewable energy power generation is not optimistic. For example, the average cost of offshore wind power stations in 2020 will be 90 dollars per kilowatt hour (based on the actual value of 2010 dollars),Energy Information AdministrationIt is predicted that the cost will be 80 to 120 dollars per kilowatt hour in 2016.[6]
From the perspective of the average cost of power stations, the wind power station (generating wind speed of 7 to 7.5 meters per second) is 73 dollars per kilowatt hour (excluding power transmission costs), and experts predict that it will be reduced to less than 60 dollars per kilowatt hour in 2020.Utilities built between 2011 and 2012Solar photovoltaic power stationWithout any subsidy, the cost is $150 per kilowatt hour, which is basically consistent with the estimate in the research report Towards a New Generation of Ethanol Economy.In some areas with better natural conditionsSolar photovoltaic power generationThe cost can be reduced to 60 to 120 dollars per kilowatt hour.The cost of traditional natural gas cycle power stations in the United States is the lowest, ranging from $50 to $60 per kilowatt hour.In addition to averaging costs, factors such as the size of the power station and the potential for storing electricity are also very important.[6]
For some regions where the average cost exceeds US $200 per kWh,Renewable energy power generationIt already has the price advantage.It is predicted that in the future, the cost of wind and solar power generation worldwide will become more and more economical.In addition, with the development of high-performance, low-cost and durable energy storage batteries, power energy storage technology is expected to enable medium and small-scale transmission networks to meet the power demand of remote rural areas.[6]
Although the cost of various renewable energy power generation will continue to decrease in the future, it must be effectively integrated with the existing power generation methods to overcome the bottlenecks in transmission, distribution, storage and other links of renewable energy power generation.By 2050, renewable energy power generation will account for 8% of the total power supply in the United States. Even if half of this goal is to be achieved, the existing power system still needs to be reformed in terms of technological innovation, operation procedures, business operation modes and management measures.[6]
In January 2024, Deputy Director of International Cooperation Department of National Energy AdministrationPan HuiminAt the press conference held by the National Energy Administration, it was said that in 2023, the new installed capacity of global renewable energy will be 510 million kilowatts, of which China's contribution will exceed 50%.In terms of investment, Chinese enterprises' overseas clean energy investment spreads all over major countries and regions, covering wind power, photovoltaic power generation, hydropower and other major fields. On the basis of achieving mutual benefit and win-win results, it strongly supports the green and low-carbon development of energy in relevant countries.In terms of industry, China continues to promote technology and product innovation and actively integrate into the global clean energy industry chain, and continuously shares high-quality clean energy products with the world.At present, China's wind power and photovoltaic products have been exported to more than 200 countries and regions in the world, with the cumulative export volume exceeding US $33.4 billion and US $245.3 billion respectively.In terms of international cooperation, China has always been an important participant in international clean energy cooperation. The National Energy Administration has continued to deepen clean energy cooperation with countries through cooperation platforms such as the Global Clean Energy Partnership, the "Belt and Road" Energy Partnership, multilateral organizations such as IRENA, IEA, G20, APEC, and dozens of bilateral energy cooperation mechanisms, and achieved good results.[11]
