Zhuojun, the ancient county name of China (ancientadministrative divisionUnit name).Its geographical scope has changed in different historical periods, butCore areaToday's HebeiZhuozhouCity, in addition, todayBeijingSome areas of the city also belonged to Zhuo County.
In the Sui and Tang dynasties, after Zhuo County was renamed Youzhouadministrative divisionThe name of the unit is no longer used, but it is still used by later generations to express their native place.
With the change of dynasties, Zhuozhou County was renamed Youzhou, Yanjing, DaduPeiping, until Beijing, the capital, becomesThe People's Republic of ChinaThe political center and cultural center of.
The formation process of Zhuozhou's name can be described as ups and downs.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the place of Zhuo in the Yan State. In the Qin Dynasty, Zhuo County was set up, and the county seat was in ZhuozhouGuangyang County, until the Western Han Dynasty.
In the sixth year of Emperor GaozuGiant deerCounty North andHengshan CountyThe first one is under the jurisdiction of Zhuozhou, which is subordinate to Youzhou. The county office is also located in Zhuozhou today.
newusurper who founded the Xin dynastyIn the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhuo County was changed into Yuanhan County.
Eastern Han DynastyJianwuIn the first year, Yuanhan County was changed into Zhuo County,Marquis of XixiangIncorporated into Zhuoxian, it still belongs to Youzhou.
Huang ChuIn five years, Zhuo County was renamed Fan Yangguo, and two years later, Fan Yangguo was changed back to Fan Yangjun.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties,BeiqiWill saveFangchengChang Township and two counties were merged into Zhuoxian.
In the early years of the Sui Dynasty, the original Qiu County in the west of Zhuoxian was set as Fanyang CountyChangli County(TodayYixian County）。
In the third year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign, Zhuo County was abolished and returned to Youzhou.
In the third year of Daye, Youzhou was in turn changed to Zhuozhou.
In the first year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty, Zhuo County was changed back to Youzhou.
In the fourth year of Dali, the envoy of YouzhouZhu XicaiPlease set up Zhuozhou in Fanyang CountyHebei RoadAt this time, the name of Zhuozhou officially appeared for the first time.
In the fourth year of Zhongtong, it was reduced to Zhuozhou.The Yuan Dynasty adoptedProvincial systemZhuozhou was upgraded to Zhuozhou Road, governing 7 counties including Fanyang.
In the 27th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Shuntian Mansion was divided into four road halls, and Zhuozhou belonged to Shuntian Mansion West Road Hall.
Since the sixth year of Yongzheng era, the county was no longer under the management of the county, and its jurisdiction was close to the county.
In 1913, Zhuozhou was reduced to ZhuoxianZhili ProvinceShuntianfu.
In 1914, it was changed to Jingzhao Special Zone, which was subordinate to Hebei Province.
In 1937, the Anti Japanese War broke out and Zhuoxian was occupied by the Japanese army.
In 1941, with Fangliang CountyLaishui CountyIt is also called Fanglaizhuo County.
By 1945,Pingnan CountyThe southern part formed the "Zhuoliangwan" county until 1947.
In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Zhuoxian County was taken over by the Kuomintang government, and the sixth supervisory district was set up in Zhuoxian County.
1970BaodingRenaming of the zoneBaoding, governs Zhuoxian County.
On September 24, 1986, Zhuoxian County was removed and Zhuozhou City was established as the jurisdiction of Zhuoxian County, which still belongs to Baoding.
In 1999,BaodingThe city and prefecture are merged, and Zhuozhou is subordinate toBaoding City。[2]
In the fourth year of Daye (608 AD),Emperor Yang of the Sui DynastyAn imperial edict was issued to all the counties in Hebei Province to build more than one million men and women to build Yongji Canal, draw Qinshui River to the south, and connect Zhuo County to the north.
Yongji Canal was excavated by previous dynastiescanalDredged from river and natural waterway.Including:
④ From Cangzhou to Zhuojun, Zhangshui was partially used, and to Duliukou, a new road was opened to separate from Zhangshui, connect with Luoshui, and reach Zhuojun via Luoshui.
Regional organizational system
Announce
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In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC)Guangyang CountySouthJulu CountyNorth andHengshan CountyThe first one, Zhuo County, was directly subordinate to the Han Dynasty, governed in Zhuoxian (today's Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province), and governed ZhuoxianFanyang County21 counties (7 of themprincipality）。
westHanzhongLater, it increased to 29 counties (including 13 Hou countries).
In the seventh year of the Three Kingdoms Period (A.D. 226), Zhuo County was renamedFanyang County, still in Zhuoxian (today's Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province).
During the two Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was constant war in the north, the number of Zhuo County changed its name, and the area under its jurisdiction also changed repeatedly.
Kaihuang of Sui DynastyThree years (583 AD),Emperor Wen of the Sui DynastyStreamline local administrative institutions, and change the three levels of state, county and county to the two levels of state and county.Withdraw Zhuo County and merge the area under its jurisdiction into Youzhou.
In the third year of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (A.D. 607), Youzhou was renamed Zhuojun, and now it is located in Beijing.Zhuo County was appointed as the prefecture magistrate,From the third grade。Under them were Cheng, Wei and Zheng (later changed to Chang Shi, SimaPraise affairs）, as well as the main bookMunicipal decreeEtc.It governs Ji County (in the southwest of Beijing today)Liangxiang(Fangshan District, Beijing todayLiangxiang Township）Anci, Zhuoxian (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province)Gu'an, Yongnu (todayWuqing）Changping, HuairongZhuoluSouthwest)Luxian County(Today's BeijingTongzhou District）9 counties.Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty opened the Yongji Canal to the north.[1]
In the first year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty (618 AD), Zhuo County was renamed Youzhou.
《Unified Annals of the Qing Dynasty》Cloud:“《ZhuozhouThe style of the Annals is exquisite and rigorous, and the textual research is detailed and accurate. It is quoted quite a lot in the history of the Qing Dynasty.
The historical value of Zhuozhou Annals is self-evident.
Zhuozhou Annals (Ming and Qing Dynasties《Zhuozhou Annals》The book, including 22 volumes in the main volume and 18 volumes in the continuation volume, has a total of 40 volumes. After careful study, it shows that today's Zhuozhou is the true face of the ancient Zhuolu.
In the "Zhuozhou Annals", the names in geographical locations, the descriptions of people's deeds, the inscriptions and epitaphs on temple tabletsEulogyIn the praise of the emperor, the prime minister, the literati and the poetsYellow Emperor, YandiChiyou、Zhuan XuThere are 96 times of activities.
Ancient Zhuolu Land
1、 According to the Records of Zhuozhou, today's Zhuozhou is the place of ancient Zhuolu
An example in Zhuozhou Annals: "Dulu Mountain is also calledZhuolu Mountain, in Junxi.There are Fanshui, Zhuoshui and Taohe in the territory, which are called after confluenceJuma River”。Juma River is just the big river in the north of Zhuozhou.
《Zhuozhou Annals》Volume 1 tells: "In ancient times, Xuanyuan's residence was in seclusion, and Zhuo was ancientYouzhouThere is Zhuolu water in the territory. The water comes out of the west Zhuolu Mountain, so it is called Zhuolu.You said, "The Northern Wei DynastyLi Daoyuan, Zhuolu people, whose《Water injection》It said, 'Zhuoshui is located in the north of Zhuozhun, and Zhuolu Mountain is located in the west, hence the name.'Zhuojun is the Western Han Dynastygodet It covers an extremely wide area, reaching northFangshan、LiangxiangLiulihe, DongdaBazhou, MaozhouGu'an, south toNew Town、Dingxing, Jingrong to the north boundary of Qingyuan, west toYixian County、LaishuiEtc.The county has nine out of twenty jurisdiction.In the Tang Dynasty, Zhuozhou County was designated as Zhuozhou, and Zhuozhou was also named after Zhuoshui.Zhuo County is close to Jifu. It is the capital's southwest Confucius Road, and the world is rushing at me. "
“《Include geographical records》Cloud, Zhuolu Mountain is inGuizhouFifty miles southeast of Zhuoshui, three hundred miles northwest of Zhuozhou, there are eight Zhuolu scenic spots in Zhuozhou. Today, it is also a place of interest. There are three slopes up, middle and down in Zhuozhou.Because thenLaishui CountyIt is under the jurisdiction of the county, and all the dangerous sceneries of Sanpo refer to today's wild Sanpo.
Another note: "Rivers: Zhuoshui flows out of the northwest of Zhuozhou, Li's water passes through Zhuolu Mountain, Zhuoshui flows out of Zhuolu Mountain, and people call it Zhang Gongquan. The northeast flows through Zhuozhou, and today it is also the Juma River.The Yellow Emperor fights Chi YouHere ".
Volume 1 of the Records of Zhuozhou continued: "History. Zhuozhou was the capital of the Xuanyuan family, the twelve prefectures of Yu were Youzhou, and it was in the Warring States PeriodYan StateZhuo County was established in the Han Dynasty.Nine out of 20 counties are locatedZhuoxianBelongs to.three countriesWei GaiFanyang County, up to nowBeiqiBecause of this.Sui Dynasty changed into Zhuo Prefecture.Tang Dali set Zhuozhou as the leaderFanyang County。During the reign of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty, Zhuozhou County was changed to Zhuoshui County, and later to Zhuozhou.The Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties brought Fanyang County of Ming Province to the state, and the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) brought it to the state.The 7th year of Yongzheng's reignFangshan CountyenterShuntian MansionHowever, Zhuo does not belong to a county ".
The third volume of Zhuozhou Annals states:“Emperor Chengzu of the Ming DynastySend out troops and killZhang YuAttacking Zhuozhou for the vanguard, because Zhuozhou was called Zhuolu in ancient times, Zhuoluwei was built here in the seventh year of Yongle, and Zhuolu was built again in the eighth yearleft defenseIn the 11th year, Zhuolu Zhongwei was established again, with a military establishment.Official posts were set up in the Ming Dynasty, called Zhuoluyicheng, which was an important military organization guarding Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zhuolu Sanwei, Liangxiang Xingzhouwei and Xiangheying Zhouwei were combined into one, named Zhuoluwei.One garrison officer shall be appointed.In the 28th year of Kangxi's reign, it was ordered to be dismissed and reorganized as Zhuozhou Camp, becoming an important garrison in the capital.Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, and the early state was unstable. Zhuozhou Camp was set up to protect the capitalPillar”。
The fifth volume of "Records of Zhuozhou" states that "Zhuozhou controls Youyan, a place of ancient and modern beauty, which is recorded in various historiesSub eraGather them into one article.Superior auditXuanyuanIn general, there are many wars in Liao and Jin dynasties.stayIntroductionAccording to the middle story, "The Yellow Emperor of the Xuanyuan family recruited princes and fought with Chi YouWild of Zhuolu。Chiyou made the fog, and all the soldiers were confused, so he madeGuide car, to show the four directions, sosack Chiyou.The princes Xian respected Xuanyuan as the Son of Heaven and represented Shennong as the Yellow Emperor.All in Zhuolu ".
In the sixth volume of the Records of Zhuozhou, the story says: "Emperor Yan, the Yellow Emperor's half brother, has half of the world. The Yellow Emperor walked the road, but Emperor Yan refused to listen, so he fought in the wild of Zhuolu, and his blood was flowing.".The story goes again: "The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in the field of Zhuolu, often with five colors. The golden branches and jade leaves ended on the emperor, like flowers and flowers, and pretended to be covered with flowers".
Then it goes on to say: "In ancient Zhuozhou, the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought in the field of Zhuolu, that is, the land of Zhuolu. There is Zhuohe River near the city, and the state is named for Zhuoshui, and there are always rags in the water".The story goes again: "Master SuiZhiyuan, create in the great causeAll ClassicsCarve stone forFamieTime saving.Emperor Yang visited Zhuozhou, followed by Empress Xiao, and later believed in Buddhism. He presented 500 pieces of silk, Zhiyuan Tujingwan, and selected a famous resortZhuolu MountainBaidai Mountainclassics engraved on stone tablets。Five years from the great cause of Sui Dynasty to Zhenguan of Tang Dynasty.
The introduction of the characters in the Ming Dynasty's Zhuozhou Annals: "Zhuozhou, the capital of the early imperial court,ShuhanEmperor Zhaolie, whose family name is Liu and name is Xuande, was born in Zhuo County, Zhuo Prefecture, and the ancestral home of Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin. "It is also said that "Sanyi Temple is located in ZhuoluPosthouse queenIt is the place where Liu, Guan and Zhang became sworn brothers, and they sleep in the same bed.Again:“Three EmperorsPavilion（Fuxi、ShennongThe Yellow Emperor) was still worshipped in the Yuan Dynasty before the Ming Dynasty in the North Gate Moon City.On the third of March and the ninth of September, they offered sacrifices to the Three Emperors. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, they ordered the Yellow EmperorEunuch、Sentence awn、Zhu Rong、Afterwind、Li MuThe left and right sides of the plastic temple are sacrificed together. "
clearFeng YuanjiIn the preface of Zhuozhou Annals, it is stated that "Zhuozhou is the old capital of Xuanyuan,Emperor Zhaolie of the Han DynastyHometown, today's mountains and rivers are completely new ".
In the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Wu Shanfeng, the governor of the state, rebuilt the "Zhuozhou Annals" and wrote a preface that said, "Zhuozhou is a hundred miles away from the capital and close to the door. It is also the place of Zhuolu, the capital of the Yellow Emperor,Emperor ZhaolieHometown.In the Han Dynasty, there were nine out of twenty leading counties, and in the Tang Dynasty, the county was called Zhuo County. The Zhuo River was also called Zhuoshui, which was named after Zhuoshui within the territory.
In the 12th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Shaoda, a Jinshi, took the post of Zhuozhou. In the continuation of Zhuozhou Annals, he said:Repel a horse, cross the Dulu, visit the relics of Xuanyuan, the hometown of Zhaolie, and the famous figures of Li (Daoyuan), Zhang (Yide) and Lu Dou, whose lingering charm still exists today ".
"The custom chapter" in Volume II of the Records of Zhuozhou said: "The ancient saying is that Yandi is the capital of the Yellow Emperor. The emperor governs the world, and there are many chivalrous and elegant people in many countries, which is no different from the" Suihua Ji "in Beijing.
The twelfth volume of the Records of Zhuozhou states: "The ancient Xuanyuan residence capital of Zhuozhou is described in terms of its geographical location. The state and county will change with it, and the mountains and rivers will not move.".
The third volume of Zhuozhou Annals states: "Zhuolu Posthouse is located in the southwest of ZhuozhouGuanyi Street, MingJiajingIt is set every year.Zhuolu is a famous district, outside the south gate.It is also said that "Zhuolu City, namely the place where the Yellow Emperor lived in Chiyou, is located. Because Zhuolu Mountain is in the west of Zhuozhou, Zhuolu Posthouse was set up. There was Fu in the southwest corner of the ancient city. It was a concave city, which was said to be built by Zhuan Xu when the city was concave in the southChiyouzhong”。
Poetry chanting
2、 In the poems chanted by emperors, generals, ministers, scholars and literati in Zhuozhou, it is also said that Zhuozhou today is the place of ancient Zhuolu
Poets of the Late Tang DynastyHu ZengThe poem "Traveling to Zhuozhou" says: "The vast expanse of white grass and autumn in Zhuolu, where the Xuanyuan once broke Chiyou. The Danxia is reflected in the water in front of the temple, and it is suspected that the blood of Chengchuan is still flowing".
Southern Song DynastyRight Prime Ministerknown as a model of fidelity to the last Song sovereigns"Passing Zhuozhou" recites a five character poem saying, "I look at Zhuoluye and fight Chiyou in ancient times,Jade and silkImperial princes.In the past dynasties, when the Guanhe River was moved, the wild goose wind blew the cold autumn.In the last three hundred years, Wang Qi has traveled in Youzhou.At that time, Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Dynasty and on his way to Dadu (now Beijing).
Ming·Huang ZhongzhaoIn Zhuozhou, he recited the poem "Late Zhuozhou", which said: "The green mountains are slowly rising and the sun is setting, and the trees are indistinct to see Zhuozhou. The Yellow Emperor Chi You marched on the battlefield and won the water flowing eastward before his eyes.".
Ming·He JingmingWork《Zhuolu Daozhong》As the poem goes, "When I visit the ancient times and think about the Xuanyuan, the trees will be rustling, the fox will sing on its side, and the Qin will not be steep. I will fight against the dragon in the past".
Chen Zhang, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote the poem "Passing the Hometown of Marquis Zhang Huan", which said: "Marquis Huan has achieved great success in three days in the Han Dynasty. His heart is as light as his horse Zhao, and his spirit has captured his grandson Cao. How can you cherish the life of recklessness, and how can you honor the death of the spirit? The heroic spirit stays in Zhuolu, and does not cut the old wormwood".
Wei Yunzhong, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, accompanied Wang Jun and sentenced him to climb the Zhidu Temple Tower in Zhuozhou. The poem said: "The wind is sorrowful and Zhuolu blows the Jia, and the treasure temple stores the Dharma in the airstone stepsThere are thousands of families in the surrounding area.If you are happy, you will never meet a chrysanthemum. If you miss a scholar, you will be as worried as a melon. It is best for a doctor to write a poem. If you fall down, you will not have to cry.
Poets of the Qing DynastyTulongWork《Lousang Village》The poem says: "First Lord（Liu Bei）Longxing Land, Xuanyuan Old Emperor Village, Huangtu collected dagger chopsticks, and heaven intended to lose Jingxiang. ".
clearXu QianxueIn the poem "Ode to Zhuozhou", there is: "At the place where the Xuanyuan fought hard, Huang Ai was born in the daytime, thousands of miles of dry water, and the torrent never came back".
Written by Zhang Gangsun in Qing Dynasty《Zhuozhou City》In the ode:“Night CreamNot on the ground, slightly white cattle back, looking at Zhuolucheng, towering within the sand moraine ".
clearLi ChengzhongIn the poem "Zhuozhou", there is a saying: "It is said that Chiyou Wuxueyuan was fighting here after the decline of virtue, and the treasure land, mountains and rivers, isolated cities, rivers and mountains".
In the poem "Imperial Zhuozhou Palace" written by Shen Deqian in the Qing Dynasty, there is a saying: "Xuanyuan captured Chiyou here, and the princes met (together).
Zhu Jun of the Qing Dynasty wrote the poem "Ode to the Concave City":PosthouseDial up the shuttle, and singZhuanxu CityConcave words, rambling about Xuanyuan fighting Zhuo'a.In the peaceful world, Tuoluo should stop fighting early,TrickleThe river is formed by activities, and the willow flies away from the official road in the cold days. It only feels that there are many ancient meanings of flood and famine ".
The fourth emperor of the Qing DynastyQianlongIn his life, he traveled six times to the south of the Yangtze River, and each time he passed the first state in the south of Beijing. Every year, the Eastern and Western Tombs offered sacrifices to ancestors, and Zhuozhou was also used as the temporary palace.Zhuozhou is the ancient Zhuolu and Yellow EmperorOld Capital, the hometown of Liu Bei, Emperor Zhao, Kuangyin, Emperor Taizu of Zhao, Li DaoyuanJiadaoIn his hometown, Qianlong left dozens of poems in Zhuozhou, saying that Zhuozhou today is the ancient Zhuolu.
The Ancient View of Zhuozhou was written in the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong: "The Yanyun River changed into a clear river, and the Zhuolu City south snapped a whip. The village pointed to the building and heard the stone tablet, and the river began to open the boat. The old house of Daoyuan inquired about the old people, the ruins of Zigan were in the dusk, the provincial knowledge was fair, and the places of interest throughout the ages were passed on by people.".
The poem "South of Zhuolu City" was written in the year of Emperor Qianlong's Gengwu: "The willows in the south of Zhuozhou City are fresh in color, the light wind shakes the youth, the deflection of the whip is intended to pull up the long strip, and many people have read the journey. At the beginning of the long smoke, the light wind is clear, and the picturesque poems greet each other. Who taught this place to be famous alone?".
《Zhuolu Branch》The short song was written in the year of Qianlong's Yihai: "Pass Zhuolu City and sing Zhuolu. The Taihang River is wet on the outside and inside, and the Apricot Village Liumo passes the Qingming Festival."fierce fightersJingchiyou ".[3]
(June 10, 161 – 223), with the name of Xuande, Han nationality, Zhuojun Zhuoxian (now Hebei)Zhuozhou）People, King Jing of Hanzhong MountainLiu ShengThe Three Kingdoms PeriodShuhanThe founding emperor.
He was modest, courteous, generous, ambitious, and good at using people. He was praised by the world for his benevolence and virtue. He was a famous politician and a famous hero in the Three Kingdoms period.In 221 A.DChengduEmperor, country name Han, yearZhang Wu, occupying most of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and ShaanxiHanzhongAnd GansuBailong Rivera part.Known as Shu or Shuhan in history, he died in 223 ADWhite God City, 63 years old, posthumous titleEmperor Zhaolie, Templean illustrious ancestorHistorians also called him the Ancestor.
(March 21, 927 – November 14, 976), Yuan Long, nicknameXianghaierZhao Jiuzhong, Zhuojun (todayHebeiZhuozhou), born inLuoyangJiama Camp, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty.
(about 636 – about 680), the word Shengzhi, from Youyouzi, Han, YouzhouFan Yang(Governing Hebei Province todayZhuozhou）Man is a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Lu Zhaolin's parallel prose in Yougong's poetry is best in the form of song and verse, and many good verses have been passed on. For example, "If you are successful, you will never die, and you are willing to be a mandarin duck without envy of immortals", which has been praised as classics by later generations.
When Li Dao was a child in his first year, he went to Shandong with his father to visit waterways. When he was young, he read wonderful books and later traveledQinling Mountains、Huaihe RiverIn the vast areas to the north and south of the Great Wall, investigate rivers and ditches, and collect relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends.
Li Daoyuan's career was rough, and he failed to fulfill his talents.His former postImperial Lieutenant、General BeizhonglangI have also doneJizhouChang Shi, the prefect of Luyang CountyEast JingzhouGovernor, Henan Yin, etc.The law enforcement was severe, and later wasNorthern Wei DynastyThe imperial court appointed Guan You as ambassador.
In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (527)Xiao BaoxiaoGeneral Guo ZihuiYin Pan PosthouseKilled.
Written by Li Daoyuan《Water injection》Forty volumes.And his writing is meaningful and vivid, which is not only a contentRich and colorfulIt is also a collection of beautiful landscape essays.It can be called the pioneer of Chinese travel literature and has a great influence on the development of travel prose in later generations.He also wrote 13 articles of "Benzhi" and "Qipin", butAll havebe lost.
