synonymSubmarine hydrothermal fluid(Seafloor hydrothermal solution) generally refers to submarine hydrothermal ore
Submarine hydrothermal depositThe discovery of the new era has aroused great attention all over the world.Experts generally believe that submarine hydrothermal deposits are of great development valuedeposit。The United States regards submarine hydrothermal deposits as a potential source of strategic metals in the future, and the government has formulated a medium - and long-term development plan.
Chinese name
Submarine hydrothermal ore
Foreign name
Submarine Hydrothermal Deposit
Exploration in various countries
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
China's achievements
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Genesis
Occurred at the active plate boundary in the ocean
National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationThe five-year plan for 1983 to 1988 was formulated to place the ship at 200 nautical miles in the United Statesexclusive economic zoneInner Juan de FucaRidgeAsSubmarine hydrothermal depositThe key research and development objects of.In 1983, the United StatesMarine geologyExperts used the "Alvinson" submarine to investigate the sea area at 10 °~13 ° north latitude on the East Pacific Rise.In the summer of 1984, the Juan de Fuca Ridge was investigated.In 1988,Scripps Institution of OceanographyA new sea area in the East Pacific was also investigated, and 24 hydrothermal gush outlets were found, and a sulfide mineral deposit 500 meters long from north to south and 200 meters wide from east to west was found at the water depth of 2440 meters to 2620 meters on the southern slope of a seamount.In addition,U.S.AAlso withFranceCooperate in marine survey, and plan to cooperate in the exploitation of submarine hydrothermal deposits.
JapanInvested 7.5 billion yen to build the "Deep Sea 2000" which can dive 2000 metersDeep submersibles, specially used for seafloor hydrothermal mineralsinvestigation。Since 1983, Japanese marine geological experts have investigated hydrothermal deposits in the Mariana Trough, Shikoku Basin and other places.The Japanese Geological Survey Institute has also implemented a new five-year planOgasawara Island arc, four countriesSea basinAnd other hydrothermal deposits.The Japanese Marine Development Center spent seven years, with an investment of 22 billion to 23 billion yen, to build a 6000 meter submersible, the "6500", for the investigation of submarine hydrothermal deposits.At the same time, Japan is also actively developing various technical equipment from exploration to mining of seabed deposits, and plans to start commercial mining and pilot production before 2000.
In early 1985,University of Toronto, CanadaAn investigation team led by Professor Scott ofsubmarineThe ridge about 200 km west of Vancouver Island was investigated.They have discovered 17 sedimentary layers of submarine hydrothermal deposits, three of which are more than 150 meters wide and 7 meters thick. It is estimated that their total amount may exceed 1.5 million tons.
China's achievements
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May 25, 2008, far eastthe pacific oceanGood news came from "Dayang No.1", which was carrying out the scientific research mission of the 20th voyage.[2]Scientific research shipOn August 23 and 24, two submarine hydrothermal activity areas were found near the equator of the East Pacific Rise. This is the second time that China has independently discovered a new submarine hydrothermal activity area after the first discovery of a new submarine hydrothermal activity area in the southwest Indian Ocean in 2007, and it is also the first time in the world that a submarine hydrothermal activity area was found near the equator of the East Pacific Rise.
In 2018, China's 34th Antarctic scientific expedition discovered the coexistence of submarine hydrothermal and cold springs in the Antarctic for the first time, and obtainedNatural gas hydrateDirect geological and geophysical evidences closely related to submarine hydrothermal activities were formed.[1]
origin
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According to the chief scientist and nationaloceanAccording to Dr. Tao Chunhui of the Second Institute of Oceanography of the Bureau, submarine hydrothermal activity generally occurs at the boundary of active plates in the ocean and the center of intraplate volcanic activity, which is known as the window for human beings to understand the activities in the depths of the earthHydrothermal sulfide(a kind of mineral deposit) is particularly attractive.Its cause is as follows: seawater seeps into the ground from the cracks of the earth's crust and encounters hot lava, which becomes hydrothermal solution, bringing goldsilver、copper、zinc、leadAfter the metal is dissolved in it, it is ejected from the ground, and the carried metal forms sulfide through chemical reaction. At this time, it meets cold sea water and solidifies and deposits on the nearby sea floor, and finally accumulates into“chimney”。Around the "chimney", there are many people who are resistant to high temperature, high pressure, toxic and oxygenBiome。These biological communities are helpful for researchers to study the survival and evolution of organisms in extreme environments and the global distribution of life origin problems
Distribution
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The known submarine hydrothermal areas include:Mohna Ridge、South Atlantic Ridge、Carlsberg Ridge、papua new guineaAmbitle Island and Galapagos Islands.Tubular worms are representative species in deep-sea hydrothermal areas.
Distribution sites of global hydrothermal communities (red dots)
