synonymEmperor Huidi of Han Dynasty(Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty) generally refers to Liu Ying (the second emperor of the Western Han Dynasty)
Liu Ying, Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (211 BC - September 24, 188 BC[66]），[71]dynastic title of Liu BangLiu Bang and the QueenLupheasantHis legitimate eldest son,[72-73]Western Han DynastyThe Second Emperor (June 20, 195 BC[77]- September 24, previous 188[66]reign[66][77]）。
Liu Ying suffered a lot when he was young.battle between Chu and HanDuring this period, he and his mother Lu Zhi were captured inNape featherbarracks.At the age of 6, he was elected as the Crown Prince.In the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (195 BC), Liu Bang died and Liu Ying, 16, succeeded him.Liu Ying was generous and benevolent, and continued to promote it after he ascended the throneRest with the peoplePolicies, followed byXiao He、Cao ShenRespectfulHuanglao School, repeal“Book carrying law”, so that the development of ideology and culture can get rid of restrictions, and various theories and ideas are gradually active and suppressedConfucianismRestart the spread;[76]Diplomatically, continue to work withHunimplementPro bono policy, maintain andSouth VietnamThe relationship established Dongyue as the king of the East China Sea.On the other hand, Liu Ying issued an imperial edict to "make people sell their nobles", which opened the Han Dynastysell offices and barter ranksIs the first of its kind.[69]
Liu Ying's economic, cultural, demographic and other measures promoted the healthy development of the economy in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.[74]During his reign, the country was stable and the border was peaceful.[75]In the seventh year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (188BC)Weiyang PalaceHe passed away with a posthumous title of Emperor Xiaohui and was buried inAnling。[48]
Full Name
Liu Ying
Alias
Emperor Huidi of Han Dynasty
Posthumous title
Filial piety
Seal number
Prince of the Han Dynasty[7]
Times
Western Han Dynasty
Ethnic groups
Huaxia nationality
one's native heath
Peixian Fengyi(Located in Fengxian County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province today)
date of birth
210 BC
Date of death
September 24, 188 BC[66]
Place of death
Weiyang Palace(Located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province today)
When Liu Bang was the head of Surabaya Pavilion, he often asked for leave to return to the fields. Lv Zhi took his son Liu Ying and daughterPrincess LuyuanWeed the field.An old man passed by and asked for a drink of water. Lv Zhi gave him food.The old man looked at Lv Zhi's face and said, "Madam, the world is a noble man." Lv Zhi asked him to show his face to the two children.When the old man saw Liu Ying, he said to Lv Zhi, "The reason why Madam is honored is because of the boy."At the same time, I met Princess Luyuan. They were both precious. Liu Bang just came back from the next room. Lv Zhi said to Liu Bang," Just now a guest passed by and said that our mother and son are both very expensive. "Liu Bang hurried to catch up with the old man.The old man said to Liu Bang, "Your wife and children were all like you before, and your appearance was beyond words!" Liu Bang thanked the old man and said, "If I really like what the old man said, I will never forget your kindness." After Liu Bang became a dignitary later, the old man had no idea where to go.[4]
In April of the second year of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), Liu Bang attacked the eastNape featherYu Pengcheng.Xiang Yu abandoned Qi to fight back against the Han army, and broke through the Han army in Pengcheng.Liu Bang runs away in a panic. On the way, he meets Liu Ying and Princess Luyuan and runs away with them.[5]The Chu army was in a hurry to catch up. His father Liu Bang kicked his children off the bus many times. FortunatelyMarquis de XiaFor the groom, take his children to the car.Liu Bang was so angry that he tried to kill Xiahou Ying more than ten times along the way until he escaped. He placed Liu Ying and Princess Luyuan in Fengyi.[6][63]
In June of the second year of the King of Han Dynasty (205 BC), Liu Bang appointed Liu Ying as the crown prince and orderedQueyang。All the princes' sons who are in Guanzhong are the crown prince Suwei.[7]
In February of the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Liu BangzaiDing PotteryHe ascended the throne and took Liu Ying, the crown prince, as the crown prince.[7]
Easy to store storm
Liu Ying is benevolent and weak,Emperor Gaodi of Han DynastyThink he is not like himself.andMadam QiOffspringLiu RuyiLiu Bang is very popular with Liu Ruyi. Liu Ruyi likes Liu Bang very much. Liu Bang likes himself, so he often wants to change the crown prince.In addition, Lu pheasant is old and faded, and Liu Bang is rarely seen;Madam Qi is young and beautiful, and is deeply loved by Liu Bang.
chief counsellor of Liu Bang[8]
In the ninth year of Emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (198BC), King ZhaoZhang AoTo sit down and dethrone and stand upLiu RuyiIt is King Zhao.As the king of Zhao, Liu Ruyi often stayed in Chang'an and led the country far away.When Liu Bang returned to Kanto, Madam Qi often followed her and cried day and night to make Liu Ruyi the crown prince instead of Liu Ying.
In the 10th year of Emperor Gaodi of the Han Dynasty (197BC),Liu BangTo change the crown prince, I went to the court to discuss, but all the officials objected.[9-10]Imperial Minister Zhou ChangThe opposition was strongest, and Liu Bang asked why.Zhou Chang is a manstutterHe was also angry, so he said: "The minister could not speak, but the minister expected to know that it would not be! Your Majesty wanted to abolish the prince, and the minister expected not to obey the imperial edict." Liu Bang saw this situation, smiled happily, and dismissed the discussion. After that, Lv Zhi heard the above dialogue in the east wing, and when he saw Zhou Chang, he knelt down and thanked him, saying, "If you had not argued for the prince, he would have been almost abolished."[11]Liu Bang still wanted to change his memory. Lv Zhi was afraid of what he had done. Someone said to Lv Zhi,chief counsellor of Liu BangHe is good at planning and has always been trusted by Liu Bang.So Lv Zhi ordered Jiancheng HouLv Shizhi[62]Find Zhang Liang, who is travelling around the world, and say to him, "As your majesty's favorite minister, how can you lie on your back when your majesty wants to change the crown prince?"[12]Zhang Liang said, "At that time, the emperor was in danger, so he adopted my plan. Now that the world is stable, the emperor wants to change the crown prince only if he likes. This is a matter of flesh and blood. Even if there are a hundred like me, it's no use!" Lu Shizhi forced, "Anyway, you have to think of a way for me!"[13]Zhang Liangdao said, "It's hard to argue with each other to achieve the goal. The emperor has some wise people who want to recruit but cannot. There are four such peopleShangshan SihaoHe is old and unwilling to be a minister because the emperor is arrogant and insults people slowly.However, the emperor took these four people as his masters. If you can spare no money on gold, silver, treasures and treasures, and ask the prince to write a letter in person, be kind and humble in words, and use a car and a defender to plead with them, you should be able to invite them.When they arrived, they treated each other as guests, and made them always follow the prince to court.So the emperor must ask and tell the emperor."So Lv Shizhi made people hold Taishu and humbly welcomed the four people. When they arrived, they lived in the residence of Hou Jiancheng.[14]
Empress Lv
In the 11th year of Emperor Gaodi of the Han Dynasty (196BC),British clothIn the rebellion, Liu Bang was sick and tired of the army. He wanted the prince to fight for the general.[15]The four men said to each other: "We have come to consolidate the crown prince's position. The crown prince will lead the army to go to war, and the matter will be critical“[16]So I went to see Lv Shizhi and said to him: "The prince led the army to go to war. His meritorious deeds won't increase the benefits of his position as the prince, but his useless deeds will hurt him. And the soldiers and generals who gave the prince are all owl generals who follow the emperor to fight the world. It's like letting the prince lead them. They will not try their best in this way, and they will be useless when they go.We heard that the mother loves her son and often holds him. Now Mrs. Qi serves the emperor day and night, and Liu Ruyi is often held on his knee by the emperor and says, 'I will not let Bu Xiao son take the place of his beloved son.' It is obvious that the prince must be Yi Li.Let the empress tell the emperor that Yingbu is a powerful general in the world and is good at using troops. Now the soldiers and generals are the old days of the emperor. Now sending the prince to lead the generals is like letting the sheep drive the wolves. If Yingbu knows about it, he must have a great morale and attack westward.Now your majesty is ill, but he reluctantly lies on the baggage wagon and supervises the army, so all the generals dare not fail to do their best.Although your majesty suffered, he saved his wife and children. "Lv Shizhi went to the palace to see Lv Zhi. Lv Zhi went to Liu Bang's place and cried out in tears according to the words of "Shangshan Sihao". Liu Bang scolded, "I knew that this boy would not be useful. I'd better go there myself!" So Liu Bang led his troops to the war.[17]
Liu Bang returned to Chang'an after attacking and destroying Yingbu. His illness became more serious and Yi Chu's idea became stronger.chief counsellor of Liu BangPersuade and remain unmoved.[18]Too oftenShusuntongHe remonstrated with death, but Liu Bang had no choice but to pretend to agree.[19]At last, "Shangshan Four Haos" persuaded Liu Bang by taking action: at a banquet, the 80 year old "Four Haos" accompanied the crown prince Liu Ying to the banquet, which surprised Liu Bang. He thought that the crown prince had become more powerful, and the re establishment of the crown prince might lead to political chaos.[20]Since then, Prince Liu Ying's position has basically stabilized.
Soon after Liu Bang died, Liu Ying succeeded to the throne at the age of 16.After Liu Ying inherited the throne, he basically inherited his father's policy, and was assisted by a group of experienced ministers from his father. There were no major setbacks during his reign, and he only sat on the throne for seven years.
Rest with the people
Cao Shen[21]
After Liu Ying succeeded to the throne,Xiao HeHe continued to be the prime minister, but at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, he was determined to recuperate by Qin.The country is basically free.In the second year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, Xiao He died.Before Xiao He died, Liu Yinglin asked about the arrangements behind him at the Prime Minister's Mansion. Xiao He asked Liu Ying about the candidate for the position of Prime Minister. Liu Ying asked, "Do you think Cao Can is OK?" Xiao He was very moved and said, "Your Majesty is willing to let Cao Can be the Prime Minister, and I will die without regret." Xiao He died, and Cao Can, the Marquis of Pingyang, succeeded to be the Prime Minister.[22]
Cao Shen was the empress of the prime minister. It happened that all the famous people were dismissed, leaving only those who were old and dull.The old system of Xiao He, the head of the state government, will not be changed.The ginseng drinks and makes merry day and night.[23]Some of his subordinates wanted to admonish him, so Cao Shen called him and drank until he was drunk, and the speaker could not say a word.[24]Seeing this, Liu Ying was deeply worried.Shicao Ginseng SeedItemsAs a Chinese doctor, Liu Ying summoned him to advise on his behalf.[25]As a result, Cao Jiu failed to persuade him, and instead was scolded by Cao Shen.[26]When Liu Ying saw that Cao Jiu was beaten, he had to call Cao to speak with him.[27]Liu Ying asked, "Why punish Cao Yu? I asked him to admonish you." Cao Can asked Liu Ying, "Who does Your Majesty think is more sage than Emperor Gao?"[28]Liu Ying replied, "How dare I compete with the former emperor!"[29]Cao Can asked again, "Who is more capable than me and Xiao He?"[30]Liu Ying said, "You don't seem to be as good as Xiao Xiangguo."[31]Cao Can said, "That's right. Emperor Gao and Xiao He set the world. The system and laws are very clear. Your majesty only needs to hand it over. Our subjects only need to settle their duties and obey the law without any fault."[32]After listening, Liu Ying said, "Great! You can go down.".[33]
This is the famous“follow in sb.'s footsteps”Cao Shen was the prime minister for three years. He strictly abided by Xiao He's laws, and was quiet and self disciplined. He used people's time and did not want to disturb people.The society presents a scene of clean and bright.After Cao Can died, the song said, "Xiao He is the law, and I look like a painting;";Cao can take the place of him, and guard without losing;It is quiet, and the people are peaceful.[34]
Sheltered brother
After Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, Lv Zhi resented his wife Liu Ruyi's mother and son and wanted to harm them.Lu ZhixianMadam QiDemote toYongxiang, was a Chung slave, and then used the strategy of luring the tiger away from the mountain to make King ZhaoLiu RuyiEntering Beijing,[35]Liu Ying wanted to harm Liu Ruyi after knowing her mother, so she was always on guard to protect Liu Ruyi.The two slept and ate together, and Lv Zhi was unable to start.
In December of the first year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (194 BC), Liu Ying went out. He felt sorry for his younger brother and didn't want him to get up early. He wanted to let him sleep a little longer and leave Liu Ruyi in the palace.As soon as Liu Ying left, Lv Zhi's henchmen immediately reported to Lv Zhi, so Lv Zhi sent someone to poison Liu Ruyi when she was alone in the palace.[36]When Liu Ying came back, she found her younger brother dead.[37]Then Lv Zhi began to attack Madam Qi, who had been demoted to slavery.Lv Zhi ordered Madam Qi to be cut off from her limbs, gouged out her eyes, cut off her tongue, and made a human being into a toilet.[38]After a few days, Lv Zhi invited Liu YingguanHomunculus 。Liu Ying asked after seeing it, and then she knew it was Madam Qi.So Liu Ying wept and became ill. He couldn't get up for more than a year, and made people say to the empress dowager, "This kind of thing can't be done by human beings. Children and ministers are the sons of the empress dowager, and there is no way to govern the world after all." Since then, Liu Ying has been drinking and having fun every day, ignoring the government, so he became ill.[39]
In October of the second year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (193BC), King QiLiu FeiWhen he entered the court, he feasted before Lu Zhizhi.Liu Ying asked Liu Fei to sit on the throne on the grounds that Liu Fei was his elder brother, just like the etiquette of ordinary people.Lu Zhi was so angry that he secretly ordered poisoned wine to kill King Hui.Liu Ying, knowing what his mother had done, also got up to drink a toast for Lu Zhi.Seeing that his plan was unsuccessful, Lu Zhizhi defeated the poison liquor.Although the king of Qi didn't know it, he felt strange and stopped drinking.Later, Liu Fei learned that he was very frightened and had to cede Qi'sChengyang CountyTo my sisterPrincess Luyuan, which is used to please the Lu pheasant.[40]
In the spring of the third year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (192BC), the envoy of the Huns broughtname of Xiongnu ruler during Western HanShan Yu's letter of proposal to Lu Zhi.Lu Zhi was so angry that he called the envoy of the general and prime minister to discuss how to kill the envoy of the Huns, and then attacked the Huns.[41]Fan KuaiHe said that he would like to raise 100000 troops to fight against the Huns.[42]The time is Zhonglang GeneralJibuHe objected and believed that the Han Dynasty had not recovered its national strength at that time and could not fight again with the Huns. Fan Kuai said that the war was to shake the country and kill it.[43]Calm down, Lv Zhi adopted Jibu's suggestion and made peace with Xiongnu again.[44]
In the winter of the fourth year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, on Renyin (November 10, 192 BC), Lu Zhici named Zhang, the daughter of Princess Luyuan, as the queen of Liu Ying.[78]The Empress Zhang has never been pregnant, so Lv Zhi decided to ask her to tell the public that she was pregnant. Then she took a son of Gong Zhongmei and established him as the crown prince, but his mother was killed by Lv Zhi.[45]
On the first day of March in the fourth year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (April 1, 191BC), Liu Ying held“come of age”Ritual, amnesty.Omit laws and regulations that harm officials and people and abolish themBook carrying law。[79]
Marquis BiyangEat itHe is Lv Zhi's confidant and relies on the power of the empress dowager to commit crimes.[46-47]Liu Yingqiu was sentenced to prison.Eating it and asking the Plains LordZhu JianZhu Jianjian was lobbying Liu Yingchong, a minister named Hongru,Hong RuAccuse Liu Ying, and he will be exonerated only after his trial.
Worried to die
August Wuyin, the seventh year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (September 24, 188 BC[66]）Liu Ying died at the age of 24.[48-49]After Liu Ying's death, Empress Lv was in power for eight years.The posthumous title is "Xiaohui",[50]Buried in Anling, noneTemple name。[51]
Key achievements
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Politics
He continued to follow the thought of Huang Lao, who was quiet and inactive, appointed Cao Shen as the prime minister, and continued to implement the policy of recuperation formulated during the period of Liu Bang and Xiao He.[52]
Economics
sell offices and barter ranks
In the Han Dynasty, the selling of officials and titles began in the sixth year of Emperor Huidi (189 BC): "Let people sell titles."The Book of the Han Dynasty Huidi's History records: "Let the people sell the nobility."[69]
In the winter of the first year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (194 BC), the son of Madam QiLiu RuyiAfter the death of Hong, he ordered the guilty people to buy a rank of 30, which could exempt them from capital punishment.[70]
Tax reduction
An imperial edict was issued to restore the policy of "fifteen taxes and one tax".Because when Liu Bang was in power, in order to pacify the rebellion at home, he attacked the outside worldHunTherefore, some taxes were increased. By Liu Ying's time, the civil unrest had been settled, and the Huns no longer harassed the border because of the pro marriage policy. Therefore, Liu Ying canceled the increased taxes and restored the "fifteen taxes and one tax" policy.Later, Liu Ying encouraged farmers to work hard, and exempted successful farmersCorvee。Liu Ying also relaxed the policy of restricting merchants to promote the development of commerce, increase the national income, and make the economy continue to develop healthily in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.[53]
population policy
In the sixth year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (189 BC), in order to promote population growth, Liu Ying ordered to urge folk women to get married as soon as possible.If a woman is not married between the ages of 15 and 30, she will be charged five times the tax（tax levies on adultsIt's an adultPoll tax, each person pays 120 yuan, that iscount）。[82-83]
Culture
Liu Ying has carried out beneficial cultural reform.
In the fourth year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (191BC), it was abolished“Book carrying law”。The "Book Holding Law" was a decree implemented by the First Emperor of Qin when burning booksGovernmentApart from the books that can be collected by relevant departments, private collection of books is prohibited.At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, the system was basically inherited from the Qin Dynasty, and the "book holding law" was no exception.Liu Ying boldly abolished this law, which made Confucianism and other ideas that had been suppressed for a long time become active, providing a prerequisite for Confucianism to be determined by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as the ruling ideology of the country.[53]
build
Excavation of Zhichengmen Site of Chang'an City in Han Dynasty[54]
Liu Ying planned and completed the comprehensive renovation of Chang'an City in his short imperial career.When Liu Bang was in power, his national strength was limited. Only the Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace were built, but the city walls were not built.There are only a few streets in Chang'an, without city walls, and the cloth is not prosperous enough, lacking the imperial spirit.With the increasing exchanges between the Western Han Dynasty and the outside world, the image of Chang'an City as the capital of the country is in urgent need of improvement.So Liu Ying decided to renovate Chang'an City.
In the first year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty (194 BC), the construction was officially started. After all the streets were widened and built, human and material resources were concentrated to build the city wall.[53]It was completed in the fifth year of Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty (190 BC).There are twelve gates 65 miles around the city wall. There are three gates on each side of the city wall. Each gate is divided into three gateways. The right one is the way to enter the city, the left one is the way to leave the city, and the middle one is dedicated to the emperor.
According to the textual research of historians, Chang'an has become the capital of surpassing Rome, the center of economy and culture, and prospered in all aspects.[53]
Character evaluation
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General review of history
Liu Ying is pure and kind-hearted, benevolent, filial and respectful in nature. He is in line with the benevolent style of Confucian political habits.Therefore, it did not conform to Liu Bang's hegemonic style and was deposed.
From his protection of his brother, King Zhao, Liu Ruyi, and his brother, King Qi, Liu Fei, we can fully reflect the filial piety and friendship.At the same time, in the face of the political situation that after the death of Liu Bang, the meritorious officials of the imperial court were highly weighted and the ruling kings were divided, the powerful and overbearing Empress Dowager Lv was allowed to control the imperial government, so as to achieve the balance between the power of the empress dowager and the power of nobility, create a political atmosphere of stability and unity, and achieve the political situation of resting with the people.It is biased that some people in later generations commented that Emperor Hui of Han, Liu Ying, was weak, incompetent and even fatuous.The posthumous title was "Hui", which left a good reputation of "Huimin Lover".
Ban Gu：Filial Piety, Benevolence, Internal Cultivation, Kinship, External Rite to Prime Minister, Favor Qi Mou and Zhao Yin, Benevolence and Respect.Hearing Shusuntong's admonition, he was afraid, and accepted Cao Xiangguo's opposition and said that he was the master of leniency.Empress Dowager Lv has suffered great losses![55]
Xue Fucheng："Although there are three generations of wise leaders, there is no way to go beyond them. In seven years, if we can get rid of the book laws, discuss the crimes of three ethnic groups, make evil remarks, encourage people to be filial to the land, and provincial laws and regulations hinder officials and people, if we want to enjoy the country for a long time, our governance should not be inferior to that of Emperor Wen. Moreover, the Emperor's talent and benevolence are almost beyond the reach of the learning of Emperor Wen's Huang Lao."
①《The origin of the ancestor》It is recorded that Liu Bang sent people to look for his family after his defeat in Pengcheng, but only found Liu Ying. Later, Liu Ying becameCrown Prince[65]；
③《Xiang Yu's origin》[63]And《Biography of Fan Li Tengguan》It is recorded that Liu Bang could not find his family when he returned to Pei County. Later, he met Liu Ying and Princess Luyuan on the road and fled in a car. On the way, they were chased and killed by the Chu army. Liu Ying and Liu Ying were kicked out of the car several times by Liu Bang and were kicked out of the car againMarquis de XiaAfter that, Liu Ying and his wife were placed in Fengyi.[5-6]
Anecdotes and allusions
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Avenge my brother
According to《Miscellaneous Records of Xijing》Record: Liu Ying and Zhao WangLiu RuyiEat, live and get along together,Empress LvYou can't kill Liu Ruyi.Later, Liu Ying wanted to go hunting in the morning, but Liu Ruyi couldn't get up. Empress Lv ordered a strongman to hang Liu Ruyi through the quilt while Liu Ying was out.After death, Empress Lv didn't believe it. Hercules put Liu Ruyi in a green bagValanceThe covered car went to show Empress Lv. Empress Lv rewarded Hercules.The strongman is outside the city wall in the east of Chang'an CityOfficial slave。Liu Ying later learned about it and had the strongman cut off in the waist, but Empress Lv did not know it.[67-68]
Zhang YanLiu Ying's niece, the daughter of her sister Princess Luyuan, is Lu Zhi's granddaughter.[81]
children
Liu Ying has six sons: former ShaodiLiu GongHuaiyang WangLiu Qiang[56]Changshan KingLiu Buxi, Xiangcheng MarquisLiu Hong(Formerly known as Liu Shan, formerly known as Liu Yi, later renamed as Changshan King), Marquis Liu Chao, Marquis HuguanLiu Wu(Later renamed the King of Huaiyang).
As two of Liu Ying's six sons were appointed as emperors when Empress Lv proclaimed them, the former young emperor Liu Gong was later abolished and executed;[57]Liu Hong, the later young emperor, remained in power until the death of Empress Lv, when he was deposed and executed by courtiers.The officials declared, "Liu Ying's sons are not his own, but the blood of the Lv family. (Empress Lv) made the descendants of the Lv family the crown prince and princes, and the future world will actually be called Lv."[45]After the pacification of Zhu Lv, the meritorious officials and royal families welcomed the establishment of the kingLiu HengAs the emperor (Han Wen Emperor), the two factions feared that the Lv family would grow in the future. On the night when Liu Heng entered the Weiyang Palace, they executed these non Liu descendants in their official residence.[58]Therefore, later there was the saying that Emperor Huidi had no children.
Figure burial
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After Liu Ying died, she was buried inAnling, located in Baimiao Village, Hanjiawan Township, Weicheng District, 18 kilometers east of Xianyang City.Tomb of Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty.Anling is shaped like a covered bucket, with a perimeter of 725 meters at the bottom and a height of 25.22 meters.
150 meters northwest of the mausoleum is the tomb of Empress Zhang.After Empress Lv died, Empress Zhang was deposed and the Fengqiu was very small.Baimiao Village in the north of the mausoleum has the site of Yicheng, and there are 12 funerary tombs in the east of the mausoleum.[59]
