In a narrow sense, it refers to the solubility of matter in water, and in a broad sense, it refers to the solubility of matter in waterPolar solventDissolution properties in.
Water soluble color lead Water soluble glue Water soluble condom Water solublePearl powderWater soluble resin
Water soluble polymer
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（PAM）Water soluble high molecular polymer, insoluble in mostOrganic solvent, with goodFlocculability, which can reduce the friction resistance between liquids, and can be divided into non-ionicanion、cationAnd hermaphrodite.
Anionic polyacrylamide
Anionic polyacrylamide(APAM) Product description: anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is white powder particle in appearance. Its molecular weight ranges from 6 million to 25 million. It is well soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents in any proportion.effectivePH valueRange 7 to 14, neutralAlkaline mediumMedium highPolymer electrolyteProperties of, and saltselectrolyteSensitive, and high pricemetal ionIt can be crosslinked into insolubleGel。
Industrial wastewater treatment: Forsuspended particles , higher concentration, positively charged particles, neutral or alkaline PH value of water, steel plant wastewater,Electroplating factoryWastewater, metallurgical wastewater,Coal washing wastewaterAnd other sewage treatment, with the best effect.Drinking water treatment: many in ChinawaterworksThe water source of is from rivers. The content of sediment and minerals is high, and it is relatively turbid. Although it has been precipitated and filtered, it still cannot meet the requirements, so it needs to be addedflocculant , dosage isinorganic flocculants 1/50, but the effect is several times that of inorganic flocculant. For rivers with serious organic pollution, inorganic flocculant andCationic polyacrylamideThe effect is better when used together.Recovery of lost starch distillers' grains from starch factories and alcohol factories: many starch factories' wastewater contains a lot of starch, which is now addedAnionic polyacrylamide, make starch particlesflocculent settling , and thenprecipitatethroughFilter pressThe pressed filter becomes cake and can be used as feed. The alcohol in the alcohol factory can also be dehydrated by anionic polyacrylamide and recovered by pressing filter.For riverscement pasteSettlement.For paper makingDry strength agent。
be used forPapermaking additivePromoter.Add trace PAM-LB-3 into the pump inlet pulp storage tank before papermakinganionPolyacrylamide can make the filler in water andMicrofiberIncrease online retention by 20-30%.20-30kg of pulp can be saved per ton.
For example: a large amount of waste water is generated during coal washingEmission pollutionThe environment must be recycled after sedimentation. The recovery of coal slime in water is also valuable, but it takes time and effort to rely on natural sedimentation, and the water is also unclear.
In addition, anionic polyacrylamidePerfumingThe application of the industry is also becoming more and more popular. The characteristics of anionic polyacrylamide products are: good solubility, high viscosity, strong toughness, inflammability without smoke (less), combustion without odor, non-toxic, etc;Product performanceStable, avoiding other plantsColloidal powderDifferent from ordinary starch in origin and time, the bonding quality is uneven, and the formula needs to be adjusted repeatedly in the production of fragrance industry to avoid causingproduct qualityUnstable phenomenon;Fragrance products have smooth and smooth appearance, good molding and are not easy to break;In particular, its cold water gelatinization property eliminates the need for boiling, and the materials can be directly mixed evenly. It can be produced by mixing with water. Moreover, the materials after mixing with water will not be hard and dry for a long time, which effectively saves energy and facilitates the
Production operation.
Use effect: The incense paste (incense product) made with this product has a flat appearance, no fracture, no mold, strong bending resistance, good color, no fading after drying, and sufficient ignition time,flammabilityGood. The iron plate does not "break the end", which is conducive to improving the volatilization rate of effective ingredients of mosquito repellent incense and reducing the loss of finished products in the drying process. At the same time, it can greatly reduce workers'labour intensity, improvework efficiency。In addition, the product does not pollute the environment and can meetGreen and environmental protectionRequirements for products.
economic performance: Using this product can reduce the cost of raw materials by 5-12% and save energy by 20-30%.
Cationic polyacrylamide
Cationic polyacrylamide（CPAM）Product characteristics: The appearance of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is white powder particles,IonicityIt has good solubility from 20% to 55% water, can be dissolved in water in any proportion and is insoluble in organic solvents.It has the characteristics of high polymer electrolyte and is suitable for those with negative charge and rich in organic matterwaste water treatment。Suitable for dyeing, papermaking, food, constructionmetallurgy, mineral processing, coal powder, oil field, aquatic processing and fermentation industries, especially suitable for wastewater treatment with high organic colloid contenturban sewage 、Municipal sludge, paper sludge and othersIndustrial sludgeDehydration treatment.
purpose
(1) ForSludge dewateringThe corresponding model of this product can be selected according to the nature of the sludge, which can effectively dewater the sludge before it enters the filter press. During dewatering, large flocs will be generated, which will not stick to the filter cloth, and will not disperse and flow during the filter pressMud cakeThick, high dewatering efficiency, mud cakeWater contentBelow 80%.
(3) Flocculant used for the treatment of tap water with river water as the source has low dosage, good effect and low cost, especially when combined with inorganic flocculant, it will become a treatment agentYangtze River、Yellow RiverAnd other river basin waterworks.
(4) For paper makingEnhancerAnd other additives.Improve the retention rate of fillers and pigments, and the strength of paper.
(5) Used as oilfield economic aids, such as clay anti swelling agent and oilfield acidizing agentThickener。
(6) For textileSizing agentStable size performance, less size dropping, low fabric end breakage rate and smooth cloth surface.
Nonionic polyacrylamide
Product characteristics:
Nonionic polyacrylamideSeries of productsIt is linear with high molecular weight and low ionic degreehigh polymer。Because of its special group, it has the functions of flocculation, dispersion, thickening, bonding, film forming, gel and colloid stabilization.Sewage treatment agent: WhenLevitationWhen the sewage is acidic, it is appropriate to use non-ionic polyacrylamide as flocculant.Then PAM startsAdsorption bridgingFunctionParticle productionFlocculation and sedimentation can purify sewage.It can also be used for the purification of tap water, especially in combination with inorganic flocculants, which has the best effect in water treatment.
Application:
1. It is widely used in industrial wastewater treatment, and has the best treatment effect for suspended particles, coarse, high concentration, cationic ions, neutral or alkaline PH value of water, steel plant wastewater, metallurgical wastewater, coal washing wastewater, etc.
3. It is used as textile sizing agent, with stable sizing performance, less size dropping, low fabric end breakage rate and smooth cloth surface.
4. Forpaper industry 。First, improve the retention rate of fillers and pigments;The second is to improve the strength of the paper (includingDry strengthandWet strength）。In addition, it can also improve the tear resistance and porosity of the paper to improve the visual and printing performance. It is also used for food and teapacking paperMedium.
About solvents
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Solvents are generally divided into two categories:Polar solvent、Non-polar solvent。Solvent type and substanceSolubilityThe relationship between the two can be summarized as: "dissolve the similarity".It means that polar solvent can dissolveIonic compoundAnd candissociationOfCovalent compoundNon polar solvents can only dissolve non-polar covalent compounds.For example, table salt is an ionic compound that can be dissolved in water, but cannotethanolModerately dissolved.
Water and non-polar solvents cannotmutually dissolvableIn particular, water and ethanol are mutually soluble in any ratio;If you have to do this, they will not form a uniform mixture and will eventually separate into two layers, which is calledSuspension, or add corresponding additives (commonly used in pesticides) to the oil,Water ingressPost formationOil in waterorWater in oilA homogeneous emulsion of.
Solubility[1]Relevant knowledge and application of
① It means that the substance is in the solventSolubilitySize of.
② Solubility isphysical propertyDissolution is a physical change.(There are also chemical changes)
③ Solubility is determined bysolubilityDetermined.(solid)
solubility
Insoluble
Slightly soluble
soluble
Soluble
20℃
<0.01g
0.01～1g
1g～10g
>10g
④ The following applications can be achieved by using solubility:
a、Judge gas collection method
Soluble（Soluble）Gas in water cannot be extracted by drainage method
E.g. CO2andH2The solubility of O2 is poor, so the drainage method can be used.
Note: "Soluble" means that the substance is soluble in water, "non" means that it is insoluble in water, "micro" means that it is slightly soluble in water, and "volatile" means that it is slightly soluble in watervolatility, "-" means that the substance does not exist or decomposes when encountering water.
Soluble formula (easy for students to learn and remember)
Soluble Formula I
Potassium and sodiumammonium saltQuick water dissolving, ①
