The aircraft uses hydrogen fuel cells with improved performance and high efficiency, which verifies the application potential of this technology.This fuel system useshydrogenAs fuel, it can be directly converted into electric energyoxygenhappenelectrochemical reactionThere is no combustion and the only by-product is water.If the hydrogen fuel is produced by renewable energy, the aircraft engine will notcarbon dioxideGenerate.
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Hydrogen fuel cell aircraft
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hydrogen
Features
Direct conversion into electric energy without any fuel generation
Fuel cell is a kind ofelectricity generationThe device, however, is not discarded after being used up like ordinary non rechargeable batteries, nor is it charged again after being used up like rechargeable batteries. The fuel cell, as its name suggests, is to continue to add fuel to maintain its power. The fuel required is“hydrogen”This is why it is classified as new energy.The operating principle of the fuel cell (as shown in Figure 1), that is, the cell contains two cathode and anode electrodes, which are respectively filled with electrolyte, and the two electrodes are composed of permeable films.hydrogenThe oxygen (or air) enters the fuel cell from the anode of the fuel cell, and the oxygen (or air) enters the fuel cell from the cathode.ViacatalyzerThe hydrogen atom of the anode is decomposed into two hydrogen protons and two electrons. The protons are 'attracted' to the other side of the film by oxygen, and the electrons reach the cathode after forming current through the external circuit.Under the action of cathode catalyst, hydrogen protons, oxygen and electrons react to form water molecules, so water can be said to be the only emission of fuel cells.The "hydrogen" fuel used in fuel cells can come from any hydrocarbon, such as natural gas, methanol, ethanol（alcohol）, water electrolysis, biogas, etc.Because fuel cells generate electricity and water through chemical reactions using hydrogen and oxygen, they are not only completely pollution-free, but also avoid the traditionalBatteryThe problem of time-consuming charging is one of the most promising new energy sources. If it can be widely applied to vehicles and other highly polluting power generation tools, it will significantly improve air pollution and greenhouse effect.
Hydrogen fuel cell aircraft
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100 km/h
The Boeing CompanyA small aircraft powered by hydrogen fuel cell was successfully flown on April 3, 2008.Boeing said this was the first time in the world aviation history, indicating thataviation industryThe future will be more environmentally friendly.But Boeing acknowledges that this technology is unlikely to provide major power for large passenger aircraft.
The Boeing Company made threeSpainThe successful test flight of hydrogen fuel cell aircraft in Okania Town is of historic significance.
The takeoff and climb process of small aircraft uses the hybrid power provided by traditional batteries and hydrogen fuel cells.After climbing to a cruising altitude of 1000 meters above sea level, the aircraft will cut off the traditional battery power supply and rely only on hydrogen fuel cells to provide power.The plane flew at an altitude of 1000 meters for about 20 minutes at a speed of about 100 kilometers per hour.This technology is of great significance to Boeing, and also makes the future of the aviation industry "full of green hope".
Small aircraftAustriaDiamond, a two seat propeller powered glider, is refitted and equipped with proton exchange membrane fuel cells and lithium ion batteries.The small aircraft has a wingspan of 16.3 meters, a body length of 6.5 meters, and a weight of about 800 kilograms, which can accommodate two people.During the flight test, there was only one pilot on board.
In the cabin, the traditional battery is placed on the only passenger seat, and there is an oxygen tank similar to that used by divers behind the pilot.Boeing said that the aircraft has been flying for up to 45 minutes in a row and "will not produce any noise".Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through the process of converting hydrogen into water, and do not produce greenhouse gases.In addition to heat, water vapor is the only by-product produced by hydrogen fuel cells.
Boeing's hydrogen fuel cell aircraft has brought technological breakthroughs, but "Boeing（Europe）According to the Ministry of Research and Technology, hydrogen fuel cells can provide flight power for small aircraft, but are unlikely to provide main power for large passenger aircraft.This technology may provide auxiliary power for large aircraft, but it requires technological breakthroughs.
Technical limitations
In fuelPriceThe demand for cleaner, safer and more efficient means of transport is growing rapidly under the circumstances of rising, environmental pollution and global warming.
Boeing's hydrogen fuel cell aircraft has brought technological breakthroughs, but the head of Boeing (Europe) Research and Technology Department Escatti said that hydrogen fuel cells can provide flight power for small aircraft, but it is unlikely to provide main power for large passenger aircraft.
Boeing is responsible for flight testengineerNevis Lapena said that this technology may provide auxiliary power for large aircraft, but it requires technological breakthroughs.Boeing said it will continue to develop the potential of hydrogen fuel cells to improve the environment.
The International Energy Agency said that promoting the use of hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells can reduce the consumption of oil, natural gas and coal, which can produce greenhouse gases.
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The world's first hydrogen fuel powered aircraft[1]
The world's first aircraft powered only by fuel cells was launched on July 9GermanyThe aircraft produces zero carbon dioxide emissions.[1]
The head of the German Space Center said that although hydrogen fuel cells still have a long way to go to become the main energy source for commercial aircraft, their reliable airborne power form will become an important alternative to the existing energy systemprogramme。
It is reported that the world's first fuel cell powered aircraft flew 750 kilometers in five hours.
Recently, the low-noise HY4 hydrogen fuel cell four seat passenger aircraft recently successfully flew in Stuttgart Airport, which means another breakthrough in zero emission passenger flights.[2]
