Gaseous hydrides generally refer to non-metallic hydrides, that is, non-metallic hydrides combine with hydrogen at their lowest valence in the gaseous state (generally at normal temperature and pressure)chemical compound。O element corresponds to H2O, not H2O2;The Si element corresponds to SiH4, not Si2H6, etc.
It should also be noted that the gaseous hydride generally refers to simple hydride, for example, the element C corresponds to CH4 rather than C2H4, C2H6, etc., and the element Si corresponds to SiH4 rather than Si2H6, etc.
Structure and Physical Properties of Gaseous Hydride
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(1) In common gaseous hydrides, CH4, NH3, H2O and HF are 10 electron particles, and HCl, H2S, PH3 and SiH4 are 18 electron particles.
(2) Typical structure and molecular polarity of common gaseous hydrides.
① HCl, HF and other linearPolar molecule；②H2O, H2S and other polar molecules with plane "V" configuration;
③ Polar molecules with pyramidal structure such as NH3 and PH3; ④TetrahedralNonpolar molecule。
(3) HF, H2O and NH3 in hydride can be formed between their moleculeshydrogen bondAbnormal changes in melting and boiling points.
(4) In gaseous hydride of elements in the same cycle, H-R (R isNonmetallic element）The bond length ofMain family elementsIn gaseous hydride, the H-R bond length increases gradually.Change law and characteristics of chemical properties of gaseous hydrides (the stronger the non-metallic property, the better the stability) (1) Gaseous hydrides of elements in the same cycle (from left to right)
① The combination of nonmetal and hydrogen is easier and easier;
② The stability of gaseous hydride gradually increases;
